Distribution of trace fossils and ichnofabric indices in ODP holes of Leg 119

Trace fossils and ichnofabric were examined from cores of Late Cretaceous to Quaternary age recovered from the Kerguelen Plateau, Indian Ocean. Nearly all of the strata are completely bioturbated, with ichnofabric index 6 most commonly recorded. Preserved discrete trace fossils include Chondrites, Planolites, Zoophycos, and Thalassinoides. A continuous Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary section preserved at ODP Site 738 occurs within a 15-cm-thick interval of laminated sediments. The lack of bioturbation indicates the disappearance of bioturbating organisms from the seafloor, possibly as a result of the same factors that caused the mass extinction or changes in other environmental conditions - most probably, bottom-water oxygen concentrations.

Paleogene and early Neogene planktonic foraminifera of ODP sites 119-738 and 119-744

A virtually complete composite history of Cenozoic pelagic sedimentation was recovered from ODP Sites 738 (62°43' S) and 744 (61°35' S), drilled during Leg 119 on the Kerguelen Plateau. An excellent magnetobiochronologic record was obtained from upper Eocene through Holocene sediments at Site 744, and an expanded lower Paleocene through lower Oligocene sequence was cored at Hole 738. Analysis of the stratigraphic distribution of over 125 planktonic foraminifer taxa from these sites reveals changes in species composition that were strongly influenced by the climatic evolution of Antarctic water masses. Early Paleocene planktonic foraminifer assemblages are nearly identical in species composition to coeval assemblages from low and middle latitude sites, showing the same patterns of post-extinction recovery and taxonomic radiation. Biogeographic isolation, revealed by the absence of tropical keeled species, became apparent by late early Paleocene time. Diversity increased near the Paleocene/Eocene boundary when keeled morozovellids immigrated to the Kerguelen Plateau. Greatest diversity (23 species) was achieved by early Eocene time, corresponding to a Cenozoic warming maximum that has been recognized in lower Eocene deep sea and terrestrial sediments worldwide. A gradual decline in diversity from the late early through middle Eocene, primarily due to the disappearance of acarininids, parallels the record of cooling paleotemperatures in Southern Ocean surface waters. Chiloguembelina-dominated assemblages appeared in the late middle Eocene and persisted through the early Oligocene as Antarctic surface waters became thermally isolated. Late Eocene and early Oligocene assemblages exhibit considerably lower diversity than the older Eocene faunas, and were dominated by chiloguembelinids, subbotinids, and catapsydracids during a time of pronounced climatic cooling and development of continental glaciation on East Antarctica. The small foraminifer Globigerinit? juvenilis replaced chiloguembelinids as the dominant taxon during the late Oligocene. Diversity increased slightly toward the end of the late Oligocene with new appearances of several tenuitellid, globoturborotalitid, and globigerinid species. The trend toward diminishing planktonic foraminifer diversity was renewed during the late early Miocene as siliceous productivity increased in the Antarctic surface waters, culminating with the reduction to nearly monospecific assemblages of Neogloboqu?drin? p?chyderm? that occur in Pliocene-Holocene biosiliceous sediments. An Antarctic Paleogene zonal scheme previously devised for ODP Sites 689 and 690 in the Weddell Sea is used to biostratigraphically subdivide the Kerguelen Plateau sequence. The definition of one Antarctic Paleogene biozone is modified in the present study to facilitate correlation within the southern high latitudes. The ages of 13 late Eoceneearly Miocene datum events are calibrated based on a magnetobiochronologic age model developed for Site 744.