Transapical aortic valve implantation without angiography: proof of concept.

Background: Cardiac computed tomographic scans, coronary angiograms, and aortographies are routinely performed in transcatheter heart valve therapies. Consequently, all patients are exposed to multiple contrast injections with a following risk of nephrotoxicity and postoperative renal failure. The transapical aortic valve implantation without angiography can prevent contrast-related complications. Methods: Between November 2008 and November 2009, 30 consecutive high-risk patients (16 female, 53.3%) underwent transapical aortic valve implantation without angiography. The landmarks identification, the stent-valve positioning, and the postoperative control were routinely performed under transesophageal echocardiogram and fluoroscopic visualization without contrast injections. Results: Mean age was 80.1 +/- 8.7 years. Mean valve gradient, aortic orifice area, and ejection fraction were 60.3 +/- 20.9 mm Hg, 0.7 +/- 0.16 cm(2), and 0.526 +/- 0.128, respectively. Risk factors were pulmonary hypertension (60%), peripheral vascular disease (70%), chronic pulmonary disease (50%), previous cardiac surgery (13.3%), and chronic renal insufficiency (40%) (mean blood creatinine and urea levels: 96.8 +/- 54 mu g/dL and 8.45 +/- 5.15 mmol/L). Average European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation was 32.2 +/- 13.3%. Valve deployment in the ideal landing zone was 96.7% successful and valve embolization occurred once. Thirty-day mortality was 10% (3 patients). Causes of death were the following: intraoperative ventricular rupture (conversion to sternotomy), right ventricular failure, and bilateral pneumonia. Stroke occurred in one patient at postoperative day 9. Renal failure (postoperative mean blood creatinine and urea levels: 91.1 +/- 66.8 mu g/dL and 7.27 +/- 3.45 mmol/L), myocardial infarction, and atrioventricular block were not detected. Conclusions: Transapical aortic valve implantation without angiography requires a short learning curve and can be performed routinely by experienced teams. Our report confirms that this procedure is feasible and safe, and provides good results with low incidence of postoperative renal disorders. (Ann Thorac Surg 2010; 89: 1925-33) (C) 2010 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

A novel technique using echocardiography to evaluate venous cannula performance perioperatively in CPB cardiac surgery.

OBJECTIVE: Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) has been used clinically to disobstruct venous drainage cannula and to optimise placement of venous cannulae in the vena cava but it has never been used to evaluate performance capabilities. Also, little progress has been made in venous cannula design in order to optimise venous return to the heart lung machine. We designed a self-expandable Smartcanula (SC) and analysed its performance capability using echocardiography. METHODS: An epicardial echocardiography probe was placed over the SC or control cannula (CTRL) and a Doppler image was obtained. Mean (V(m)) and maximum (V(max)) velocities, flow and diameter were obtained. Also, pressure drop (DeltaP(CPB)) was obtained between the central venous pressure and inlet to venous reservoir. LDH and Free Hb were also compared in 30 patients. Comparison was made between the two groups using the student's t-test with statistical significance established when p<0.05. RESULTS: Age for the SC and CC groups were 61.6+/-17.6 years and 64.6+/-13.1 years, respectively. Weight was 70.3+/-11.6 kg and 72.8+/-14.4 kg, respectively. BSA was 1.80+/-0.2 m(2) and 1.82+/-0.2 m(2), respectively. CPB times were 114+/-53 min and 108+/-44 min, respectively. Cross-clamp time was 59+/-15 min and 76+/-29 min, respectively (p=NS). Free-Hb was 568+/-142 U/l versus 549+/-271 U/l post-CPB for the SC and CC, respectively (p=NS). LDH was 335+/-73 mg/l versus 354+/-116 mg/l for the SC and CC, respectively (p=NS). V(m) was 89+/-10 cm/s (SC) versus 63+/-3 cm/s (CC), V(max) was 139+/-23 cm/s (SC) versus 93+/-11 cm/s (CC) (both p<0.01). DeltaP(CPB) was 30+/-10 mmHg (SC) versus 43+/-13 mmHg (CC) (p<0.05). A Bland-Altman test showed good agreement between the two devices used concerning flow rate calculations between CPB and TTE (bias 300 ml+/-700 ml standard deviation). CONCLUSIONS: This novel Smartcanula design, due to its self-expanding principle, provides superior flow characteristics compared to classic two stage venous cannula used for adult CPB surgery. No detrimental effects were observed concerning blood damage. Echocardiography was effective in analysing venous cannula performance and velocity patterns.

Quality Assessment of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Images at 1.5/3.0 T: Description and Validation of Standardized Criteria

PURPOSE: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has become a robust and important diagnostic imaging modality in cardiovascular medicine. However,insufficient image quality may compromise its diagnostic accuracy. No standardized criteria are available to assess the quality of CMR studies. We aimed todescribe and validate standardized criteria to evaluate the quality of CMR studies including: a) cine steady-state free precession, b) delayed gadoliniumenhancement, and c) adenosine stress first-pass perfusion. These criteria will serve for the assessment of the image quality in the setting of the Euro-CMR registry.METHOD AND MATERIALS: First, a total of 45 quality criteria were defined (35 qualitative criteria with a score from 0-3, and 10 quantitative criteria). Thequalitative score ranged from 0 to 105. The lower the qualitative score, the better the quality. The quantitative criteria were based on the absolute signal intensity (delayed enhancement) and on the signal increase (perfusion) of the anterior/posterior left ventricular wall after gadolinium injection. These criteria were then applied in 30 patients scanned with a 1.5T system and in 15 patients scanned with a 3.0T system. The examinations were jointly interpreted by 3 CMR experts and 1 study nurse. In these 45 patients the correlation between the results of the quality assessment obtained by the different readers was calculated.RESULTS: On the 1.5T machine, the mean quality score was 3.5. The mean difference between each pair of observers was 0.2 (5.7%) with a mean standarddeviation of 1.4. On the 3.0T machine, the mean quality score was 4.4. The mean difference between each pair of onservers was 0.3 (6.4%) with a meanstandard deviation of 1.6. The quantitative quality assessments between observers were well correlated for the 1.5T machine: R was between 0.78 and 0.99 (pCONCLUSION: The described criteria for the assessment of CMR image quality are robust and have a low inter-observer variability, especially on 1.5T systems.CLINICAL RELEVANCE/APPLICATION: These criteria will allow the standardization of CMR examinations. They will help to improve the overall quality ofexaminations and the comparison between clinical studies.

Size-dependent predation by Dugesia lugubris (Turbellaria) on Physa acuta (Gastropoda): experiments and model

1. We investigated experimentally predation by the flatworm Dugesia lugubris on the snail Physa acuta in relation to predator body length and to prey morphology [shell length (SL) and aperture width (AW)]. 2. SL and AW correlate strongly in the field, but display significant and independent variance among populations. In the laboratory, predation by Dugesia resulted in large and significant selection differentials on both SL and AW. Analysis of partial effects suggests that selection on AW was indirect, and mediated through its strong correlation with SL. 3. The probability P(ij) for a snail of size category i (SL) to be preyed upon by a flatworm of size category j was fitted with a Poisson-probability distribution, the mean of which increased linearly with predator size (i). Despite the low number of parameters, the fit was excellent (r2 = 0.96). We offer brief biological interpretations of this relationship with reference to optimal foraging theory. 4. The largest size class of Dugesia (>2 cm) did not prey on snails larger than 7 mm shell length. This size threshold might offer Physa a refuge against flatworm predation and thereby allow coexistence in the field. 5. Our results are further discussed with respect to previous field and laboratory observations on P acuta life-history patterns, in particular its phenotypic variance in adult body size.

Cardiac function assessed by transesophageal echocardiography during pectus excavatum repair.

BACKGROUND: We assessed end-diastolic right ventricular (RV) dimensions and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction by use of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography before and after surgical correction of pectus excavatum in adults. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted including 17 patients undergoing surgical correction of pectus excavatum according to the technique of Ravitch-Shamberger between 1999 and 2004. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography was performed under general anesthesia before and after surgery to assess end-diastolic RV dimensions and LV ejection fraction. The end-diastolic RV diameter and area were measured in four-chamber and RV inflow-outflow view, and the RV volume was calculated from these data. The LV was assessed by transgastric short-axis view, and its ejection fraction was calculated by use of the Teichholz formula. RESULTS: The end-diastolic RV diameter, area, and volume all significantly increased after surgery (mean values +/- SD, respectively: 2.4 +/- 0.8 cm versus 3.0 +/- 0.9 cm, p < 0.001; 12.5 +/- 5.2 cm(2) versus 18.4 +/- 7.5 cm(2), p < 0.001; and 21.7 +/- 11.7 mL versus 40.8 +/- 23 mL, p < 0.001). The LV ejection fraction also significantly increased after surgery (58.4% +/- 15% versus 66.2% +/- 6%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical correction of pectus excavatum according to Ravitch-Shamberger technique results in a significant increase in end-diastolic RV dimensions and a significantly increased LV ejection fraction.

Haemodynamic consequences of changing potassium concentrations in haemodialysis fluids.

BACKGROUND: A rapid decrease of serum potassium concentrations during haemodialysis produces a significant increase in blood pressure parameters at the end of the session, even if effects on intra-dialysis pressure are not seen. Paradoxically, in animal models potassium is a vasodilator and decreases myocardial contractility. The purpose of this trial is to study the precise haemodynamic consequences induced by acute changes in potassium concentration during haemodialysis. METHODS: In 24 patients, 288 dialysis sessions, using a randomised single blind crossover design, we compared six dialysate sequences with different potassium profiles. The dialysis sessions were divided into 3 tertiles, casually modulating potassium concentration in the dialysate between the value normally used K and the two cut-off points K+1 and K-1 mmol/l. Haemodynamics were evaluated in a non-invasive manner using a finger beat-to-beat monitor. RESULTS: Comparing K-1 and K+1, differences were found within the tertiles regarding systolic (+5.3, +6.6, +2.3 mmHg, p < 0.05, < 0.05, ns) and mean blood pressure (+4.3, +6.4, -0.5 mmHg, p < 0.01, < 0.01, ns), as well as peripheral resistance (+212, +253, -4 dyne.sec.cm-5, p < 0.05, < 0.05, ns). The stroke volume showed a non-statistically-significant inverse trend (-3.1, -5.2, -0.2 ml). 18 hypotension episodes were recorded during the course of the study. 72% with K-1, 11% with K and 17% with K+1 (p < 0.01 for comparison K-1 vs. K and K-1 vs. K+1). CONCLUSIONS: A rapid decrease in the concentration of serum potassium during the initial stage of the dialysis-obtained by reducing the concentration of potassium in the dialysate-translated into a decrease of systolic and mean blood pressure mediated by a decrease in peripheral resistance. The risk of intra-dialysis hypotension inversely correlates to the potassium concentration in the dialysate. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01224314.

Cardiac Function Assessed by Transesophageal Echocardiography During Pectus Excavatum Repair

Background. We assessed end-diastolic right ventricular (RV) dimensions and left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction by use of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography before and after surgical correction of pectus excavatum in adults. Methods. A prospective study was conducted including 17 patients undergoing surgical correction of pectus excavatum according to the technique of Ravitch-Shamberger between 1999 and 2004. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography was performed under general anesthesia before and after surgery to assess end-diastolic RV dimensions and LV ejection fraction. The end-diastolic RV diameter and area were measured in four-chamber and RV inflow-outflow view, and the RV volume was calculated from these data. The LV was assessed by transgastric short-axis view, and its ejection fraction was calculated by use of the Teichholz formula. Results. The end-diastolic RV diameter, area, and volume all significantly increased after surgery (mean values +/- SD, respectively: 2.4 +/- 0.8 cm versus 3.0 +/- 0.9 cm, p < 0.001; 12.5 +/- 5.2 cm(2) versus 18.4 +/- 7.5 cm(2), p < 0.001; and 21.7 +/- 11.7 mL versus 40.8 +/- 23 mL, p < 0.001). The LV ejection fraction also significantly increased after surgery (58.4% +/- 15% versus 66.2% +/- 6%, p < 0.001). Conclusions. Surgical correction of pectus excavatum according to Ravitch-Shamberger technique results in a significant increase in end-diastolic RV dimensions and a significantly increased LV ejection fraction. (Ann Thorac Surg 2010; 89: 240-4) (C) 2010 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons

Paralysis of ventilated newborn babies does not influence resistance of the total respiratory system.

Paralysis with pancuronium bromide is used in newborn infants to facilitate ventilatory support during respiratory failure. Changes in lung mechanics have been attributed to paralysis. The aim of this study was to examine whether or not paralysis per se has an influence on the passive respiratory mechanics, resistance (Rrs) and compliance (Crs) of the respiratory system in newborn infants. In 30 infants with acute respiratory failure, Rrs was measured during paralysis with pancuronium bromide and after stopping pancuronium bromide (group A). Rrs was also measured in an additional 10 ventilated infants in a reversed fashion (group B): Rrs was measured first in nonparalysed infants and then they were paralysed, mainly for diagnostic procedures, and the Rrs measurement repeated. As Rrs is highly dependent on lung volume, several parameters, that depend directly on lung volume were recorded: inspiratory oxygen fraction (FI,O2), arterial oxygen tension/alveolar oxygen tension (a/A) ratio and volume above functional residual capacity (FRC). In group A, the Rrs was not different during (0.236+/-0.09 cmH2O x s x mL(-1)) and after (0.237+/-0.07 cmH2O x s x mL(-1)) paralysis. Also, in group B, Rrs did not change (0.207+/-0.046 versus 0.221+/-0.046 cm x s x mL(-1) without versus with pancuronium bromide). FI,O2, a/A ratio and volume above FRC remained constant during paralysis. These data demonstrate that paralysis does not influence the resistance of the total respiratory system in ventilated term and preterm infants when measured at comparable lung volumes.

Valved stents for transapical pulmonary valve replacement.

OBJECTIVES: Pulmonary valve insufficiency remains a leading cause for reoperations in congenital cardiac surgery. The current percutaneous approach is limited by the size of the access vessel and variable right ventricular outflow tract morphology. This study assesses the feasibility of transapical pulmonary valve replacement based on a new valved stent construction concept. METHODS: A new valved stent design was implanted off-pump under continuous intracardiac echocardiographic and fluoroscopic guidance into the native right ventricular outflow tract in 8 pigs (48.5 +/- 6.0 kg) through the right ventricular apex, and device function was studied by using invasive and noninvasive measures. RESULTS: Procedural success was 100% at the first attempt. Procedural time was 75 +/- 15 minutes. All devices were delivered at the target site with good acute valve function. No valved stents dislodged. No animal had significant regurgitation or paravalvular leaking on intracardiac echocardiographic analysis. All animals had a competent tricuspid valve and no signs of right ventricular dysfunction. The planimetric valve orifice was 2.85 +/- 0.32 cm(2). No damage to the pulmonary artery or structural defect of the valved stents was found at necropsy. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the feasibility of direct access valve replacement through the transapical procedure for replacement of the pulmonary valve, as well as validity of the new valved stent design concept. The transapical procedure is targeting a broader patient pool, including the very young and the adult patient. The device design might not be restricted to failing conduits only and could allow for implantation in a larger patient population, including those with native right ventricular outflow tract configurations.

Desenvolvimento de sistemas de produção de milho no sul do Brasil com características de sustentabilidade

De 1991 a 1993, foi desenvolvido um experimento, no Campus da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), em um podzólico vermelho-amarelo, com 0,055 m m-1 de declividade, visando identificar sistemas de produção de milho com características de sustentabilidade. As parcelas mediam 22,0 x 3,5 m, conforme método para experimentos com chuva natural, e utilizaram-se os seguintes tratamentos: (1) solo descoberto; (2) aveia-preta + ervilhaca comum/milho; (3) tremoço-azul/milho; (4) chícharo/milho; (5) milho + mucuna; (6) milho + feijão-de-porco e (7) campo nativo. Os adubos verdes e o milho foram semeados transversalmente ao declive, no sistema plantio direto. As principais avaliações foram a cobertura do solo nos sistemas de produção, as taxas de erosão e, após 1,5 ano da implantação dos sistemas, algumas características químicas, físicas e biológicas do solo. A cobertura do solo manteve-se elevada nos sistemas de produção de milho, especialmente nos sistemas aveia + ervilhaca/milho, milho + mucuna e milho + feijão-de-porco, proporcionando um controle efetivo sobre a erosão hídrica, com redução superior a 98% nas perdas de solo e 85% nas de água . Os sistemas de produção com inclusão de adubos verdes apresentaram alta adição de carbono orgânico ao solo, refletindo no aumento do teor de CO na camada superficial (0-2,5 cm). Em relação ao solo descoberto, tais sistemas apresentaram maior infiltração de água no solo e maior atividade microbiana, na camada de 0-5 cm. Com a utilização de leguminosas, foi possível reduzir à metade a adubação nitrogenada mineral na cultura do milho, obtendo-se rendimentos de grãos superiores ao dobro da média estadual. Considerando as taxas de perdas de solo e água e as modificações induzidas pelos sistemas de produção, nas características químicas, físicas e biológicas do solo, conclui-se que os sistemas apresentaram características de sustentabilidade.

Cinética de liberação de potássio em solos do Rio Grande do Sul

Estudos sobre cinética de dessorção de potássio em solos podem contribuir para o melhor entendimento da disponibilidade desse nutriente no solo para as plantas. Este trabalho, realizado em 1993, teve por objetivos investigar a cinética de liberação de potássio em três solos do Rio Grande do Sul e comparar quatro equações para descrevê-la. O experimento utilizou amostras superficiais (0-20 cm) dos horizonte A de um vertissolo, de um podzólico e de um latossolo. A dessorção do potássio foi quantificada desde um minuto até 2.400 horas, usando-se resina trocadora de cátions (IR-120). O K trocável nos três solos foi liberado em 12 minutos de equilíbrio com a resina H-saturada. As quantidades cumulativas de potássio não-trocável liberadas dos solos decresceram, na seqüência vertissolo (436 mg kg-1 de K) > podzólico (64 mg kg-1 de K) > latossolo (46 mg kg-1 de K). A equação parabólica de difusão foi a mais apropriada para descrever a cinética de liberação do potássio não-trocável dos solos, pelo maior valor do coeficiente de correlação e pelo menor valor do erro-padrão da estimativa. As taxas de liberação do potássio não-trocável dos solos, estimadas por esta equação, foram de 2,09 x 10-2 h-1, para o vertissolo; de 1,89 x 10-2 h-1, para o podzólico, e de 0,97 x 10-2 h-1, para o latossolo.

Alterações de características químicas do solo e resposta da soja ao calcário e gesso aplicados na superfície em sistema de cultivo sem preparo do solo

O experimento foi desenvolvido em um Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro distrófico, em Ponta Grossa (PR), com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de calcário e gesso na superfície sobre as características químicas do solo e resposta da soja cultivada em sistema de cultivo sem preparo do solo. O delineamento experimental empregado foi o de blocos ao acaso em parcela subdividida, com três repetições. Foram utilizadas quatro doses de calcário dolomítico, com 84% de PRNT: 0, 2, 4 e 6 t ha-1, e quatro doses de gesso agrícola: 0, 4, 8 e 12 t ha-1. A calagem foi realizada em julho, e a aplicação de gesso em novembro de 1993. A cultura da soja foi avaliada nos anos agrícolas de 1993/94 e 1995/96. A soja não respondeu à aplicação de calcário e gesso na superfície, em solo com pH (CaCl2 0,01 mol L-1) 4,5 e 32% de saturação por bases na camada de 0-20 cm. A calagem proporcionou correção da acidez do solo, revelada pela elevação do pH e redução do alumínio trocável, até a profundidade de 10 cm e em camadas subsuperficiais, mostrando que a ação do calcário aplicado na superfície, em áreas com cultivos já estabelecidos, não preparadas convencionalmente, pode atingir camadas mais profundas de solo. Esse efeito foi observado doze meses após a aplicação do corretivo, tendo sido mais pronunciado após vinte e oito meses. A aplicação de gesso causou redução do alumínio trocável, elevou os teores de cálcio em todo o perfil do solo e provocou lixiviação de bases, principalmente de magnésio, tendo sido esta mais acentuada na presença de maiores teores de magnésio trocável no solo. Após vinte e quatro meses, foram recuperados cerca de 40% do S-SO4 e 60% do cálcio aplicados pelo gesso na dose de 12 t ha-1, até a profundidade de 80 cm. Desse total recuperado, apenas 10% do S-SO4 e 25% do cálcio foram encontrados na camada de 0-20 cm de solo.

Fluxo de massa e difusão de enxofre para raízes de milho em solos ácidos de Minas Gerais

Com o objetivo de avaliar a contribuição do fluxo de massa e da difusão no transporte de enxofre à superfície das raízes de milho, desenvolveu-se um ensaio em casa de vegetação, entre dezembro de 1991 e janeiro de 1992, utilizando-se amostras superficiais (0-20 cm) de três solos ácidos dos municípios mineiros de Viçosa, Paracatu e Lassance. Essas amostras apresentavam, respectivamente, 5,0, 1,2 e 1,4 mg dm-3 de S disponível, obtidos pelo extrator Ca(H2PO4)2, 500 mg L-1 de P em HOAc 2 mol L-1. O experimento correspondeu a um fatorial 3 x 5, sendo três solos e cinco doses de enxofre (0, 20, 40, 80 e 160 mg dm-3), estando os tratamentos dispostos em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. A umidade, controlada pelo uso de um tensiômetro por vaso, foi mantida próxima a -10 kPa durante todo o ensaio. Colhido o experimento, determinaram-se as concentrações de enxofre na planta e na solução do solo. A contribuição do fluxo de massa foi determinada, multiplicando-se a concentração de enxofre no extrato da pasta de saturação pelo volume de água transpirada pela planta. O enxofre transportado por difusão foi calculado, subtraindo-se do enxofre total acumulado na planta o valor correspondente ao enxofre transportado por fluxo de massa. O fluxo de massa foi o principal mecanismo de transporte de enxofre para a superfície radicular do milho. Quando a concentração de enxofre na solução do solo foi alta, esse mecanismo supriu quantidades de enxofre superiores às absorvidas pela planta. A contribuição da difusão para o suprimento de enxofre ocorreu, apenas, em baixa concentração desse nutriente na solução do solo.

Adsorção de fósforo e sua relação com formas de ferro em dez solos do Uruguai

Oxihidróxidos de ferro formam ligações químicas muito fortes com ânions fosfatos, diminuindo suas disponibilidades para as plantas. Este trabalho foi realizado em 1994 e 1995, com os objetivos de quantificar formas de ferro em solos do Uruguai e de relacioná-las com a adsorção de fósforo. Em amostras superficiais (0 a 15 cm) do horizonte A de dez solos, o ferro extraído com ditionito (Fe d) variou entre 1.598 e 8.592 mg kg-1 e esteve relacionado com o material de origem. As formas de ferro de baixa cristalinidade, extraídas com oxalato de amônio 0,2 mol L-1 pH 3 (Fe03), representaram de 45 a 78% do total extraído com o ditionito. A capacidade máxima de adsorção de fósforo (K2), calculada a partir do modelo de Langmuir, variou de 104 a 704 mg kg-1. Encontrou-se correlação significativa (r = 0,894, P < 0,01) entre as formas de óxidos de ferro de baixa cristalinidade (Fe03) e a adsorção de fósforo pelos solos. A porcentagem de fósforo adsorvida pelos solos após a adição de 600 mg de P kg-1 (P600) relacionou-se significativamente (r = 0,975, P < 0,01) com a capacidade máxima de adsorção de fósforo pelos solos. Também apresentou alta correlação (r = 0,894, P < 0,01) com as formas de ferro de baixa cristalinidade (Fe03), e pode ser utilizado como um índice para estimar a capacidade de adsorção de fósforo desses solos.

Fatores envolvidos na supressividade a Rhizoctonia solani em alguns solos tropicais brasileiros

O experimento foi realizado em condições de casa de vegetação, na Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, no período de março a agosto de 1995, visando determinar, em sete classes de solo, a supressividade ao fungo Rhizoctonia solani e estudar o possível relacionamento dessa característica com a mineralogia, propriedades físicas e químicas e populações de fungos do solo. Após proceder à inoculação dos solos com R. solani, multiplicada em grãos de sorgo autoclavados, observou-se que o índice de doença em plântulas de soja aumentou em todos eles. Tal índice foi sempre maior na camada de 0-20 cm, associando-se com o maior teor de matéria orgânica, com exceção do Solo Orgânico eutrófico (SOe), o qual apresentou um índice de doença similar nas duas profundidades (0-20 e 20-40 cm). O efeito supressivo a R. solani, observado no material do Plintossolo distrófico (PTd) e no Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro álico (LEa), relacionou-se com a textura muito argilosa, com a alta saturação por alumínio e com a vegetação (fase cerrado), mesmo com a ausência de Trichoderma spp. Os materiais do Solo Orgânico eutrófico (SOe), do Latossolo Roxo distrófico (LRd) e da Terra Roxa Estruturada eutrófica (TRe) apresentaram maior conducividade a R. solani , possivelmente relacionada com o caráter eutrófico e com o teor da matéria orgânica, decorrente do tipo de cobertura vegetal (fase vegetação). O material do Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro álico textura média (LEam) e o do Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo álico (LVa) mostraram comportamento intermediário. O índice de doença correlacionou-se negativamente com a saturação por alumínio e teor de argila e positivamente com a saturação de bases (V) e com o pH. A mineralogia parece não ter influência direta na supressividade ou conducividade dos solos estudados, provavelmente por variar apenas no que se refere às formas de óxidos de ferro.