Cell cycle-regulated nuclear import and export of Cdc47, a protein essential for initiation of DNA replication in budding yeast.

The CDC47 gene was isolated by complementation of a cdc47 temperature-sensitive mutant in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and was shown to encode a predicted polypeptide, Cdc47, of 845 aa. Cdc47 belongs to the Cdc46/Mcm family of proteins, previously shown to be essential for initiation of DNA replication. Using indirect immunofluorescence microscopy and subcellular fractionation techniques, we show that Cdc47 undergoes cell cycle-regulated changes in its subcellular localization. At mitosis, Cdc47 enters the nucleus, where it remains until soon after the initiation of DNA replication, when it is rapidly exported back into the cytoplasm. Cdc47 protein levels do not vary with the cell cycle, but expression of CDC47 and nascent synthesis of Cdc47 occur late in the cell cycle, coinciding with mitosis. Together, these results show that Cdc47 is not only imported into the nucleus at the end of mitosis but is also exported back into the cytoplasm at the beginning of S phase. The observation that Cdc47 is exported from the nucleus at the beginning of S phase has important implications for how initiation of DNA replication is controlled.

On the initiation of boudinage and folding instabilities in layered elasto-visco-plastic solids - Insights from natural microstructures and numerical simulations

The present understanding of the initiation of boudinage and folding structures is based on viscosity contrasts and stress exponents, considering an intrinsically unstable state of the layer. The criterion of localization is believed to be prescribed by geometry-material interactions, which are often encountered in natural structures. An alternative localization phenomenon has been established for ductile materials, in which instability emerges for critical material parameters and loading rates from homogeneous conditions. In this thesis, conditions are sought under which this type of instability prevails and whether localization in geological materials necessarily requires a trigger by geometric imperfections. The relevance of critical deformation conditions, material parameters and the spatial configuration of instabilities are discussed in a geological context. In order to analyze boudinage geometries, a numerical eigenmode analysis is introduced. This method allows determining natural frequencies and wavelengths of a structure and inducing perturbations on these frequencies. In the subsequent coupled thermo-mechanical simulations, using a grain size evolution and end-member flow laws, localization emerges when material softening through grain size sensitive viscous creep sets in. Pinch-and-swell structures evolve along slip lines through a positive feedback between the matrix response and material bifurcations inside the layer, independent from the mesh-discretization length scale. Since boudinage and folding are considered to express the same general instability, both structures should arise independently of the sign of the loading conditions and for identical material parameters. To this end, the link between material to energy instabilities is approached by means of bifurcation analyses of the field equations and finite element simulations of the coupled system of equations. Boudinage and folding structures develop at the same critical energy threshold, where dissipative work by temperature-sensitive creep overcomes the diffusive capacity of the layer. This finding provides basis for a unified theory for strain localization in layered ductile materials. The numerical simulations are compared to natural pinch-and-swell microstructures, tracing the adaption of grain sizes, textures and creep mechanisms in calcite veins. The switch from dislocation to diffusion creep relates to strain-rate weakening, which is induced by dissipated heat from grain size reduction, and marks the onset of continuous necking. The time-dependent sequence uncovers multiple steady states at different time intervals. Microstructurally and mechanically stable conditions are finally expressed in the pinch-and-swell end members. The major outcome of this study is that boudinage and folding can be described as the same coupled energy-mechanical bifurcation, or as one critical energy attractor. This finding allows the derivation of critical deformation conditions and fundamental material parameters directly from localized structures in the field.

The bookbinders' price-book, calculated for the different modes of binding, as agreed upon at a general meeting of the trade, in December, 1812, at the Crown and Anchor Tavern, Strand. To commence January 1st, 1813.

Xerox copy.

Carolina Bays Parkway (better known as Grand Strand), Horry County, Georgetown County : environmental impact statement.

Mode of access: Internet.

Critical wave conditions for sand motion initiation /

"July 1981."

Investigation of the initiation and extent of ductile pipe rupture : quarterly progress report for ... /

Includes bibliographical references.

Initiation services of the Independent Order of Rechabites, of North America /

Mode of access: Internet.

Vom Strand der Erkenntnis ins Land der Verheissung : gemeinverständliche Abhandlungen zur Philosophie und Volkswirtschaft /

Mode of access: Internet.

La magie; les lois occultes, la théosophie, l'initiation, le magnétisme, le spiritisme, la sorcellerie, le sabbat, l'alchimie, la kabblae, l'astrologie.

Mode of access: Internet.

The Strand Magazine. An illustrated monthly.

Mode of access: Internet.

Langs strand en dijken ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Recherches sur l'initiation à la secte des Ismaéliens,

"Extrait du Journal asiatique."

Histoire curieuse de la démission d'un grand-chancelier de l'Ordre et vénérable doyen de la grande maison métropolitaine d'initiation, [Loius Theodore de Tulle] en l'an de l'ordre 718, et de Notre Seigneur Jésus le Christ 1836.

Continued in "Lettre aux soi-disans membres du conseil général d'administration de l'Ordre du Temple."