Numerical simulation of an ethanol turbulent spray flame with RANS and diffusion combustion model

A detailed numerical simulation of ethanol turbulent spray combustion on a rounded jet flame is pre- sented in this article. The focus is to propose a robust mathematical model with relatively low complexity sub- models to reproduce the main characteristics of the cou- pling between both phases, such as the turbulence modulation, turbulent droplets dissipation, and evaporative cooling effect. A RANS turbulent model is implemented. Special features of the model include an Eulerian– Lagrangian procedure under a fully two-way coupling and a modified flame sheet model with a joint mixture fraction– enthalpy b -PDF. Reasonable agreement between measured and computed mean profiles of temperature of the gas phase and droplet size distributions is achieved. Deviations found between measured and predicted mean velocity profiles are attributed to the turbulent combustion modeling adopted

Carbon flux, nutrient retention efficiency and the curvature of respiration depth-profiles in the ocean water column

Trabajo realizado por: Packard, T. T., Osma, N., Fernández Urruzola, I., Gómez, M

Photocatalytic activity of nanostructured anatase coatings obtained by cold gas spray

[EN] This article describes a photocatalytic nanostructured anatase coating deposited by cold gas spray (CGS) supported on titanium sub-oxide (TiO22x) coatings obtained by atmospheric plasma spray (APS) onto stainless steel cylinders. The photocatalytic coating was homogeneous and preserved the composition and nanostructure of the starting powder. The inner titanium sub-oxide coating favored the deposition of anatase particles in the solid state. Agglomerated nano-TiO2 particles fragmented when impacting onto the hard surface of the APS TiO22x bond coat. The rough surface provided by APS provided an ideal scenario for entrapping the nanostructured particles, which may be adhered onto the bond coat due to chemical bonding; a possible bonding mechanism is described. Photocatalytic experiments showed that CGS nano-TiO2 coating was active for photodegrading phenol and formic acid under aqueous conditions. The results were similar to the performance obtained by competitor technologies and materials such as dip-coating P25 photocatalysts. Disparity in the final performance of the photoactive materials may have been caused by differences in grain size and the crystalline composition of titanium dioxide.

Microincapsulazione di nanoparticelle di argento tramite tecnica spray-freeze-drying

Per limitare gli effetti tossici delle Ag-NPs, si è pensato che esse possano essere utilizzate in forma di microincapsulati, in quanto le microcapsule possono avere una certa velocità di rilascio sotto specifiche condizioni. Incapsulando quindi le Ag-NPs, posso ottenere un rilascio controllato di esse, in modo da ottenere una concentrazione di esse utile allo scopo per cui vengono impiegate, evitando un sovradosaggio che non porterebbe alcun beneficio ma solo a una maggior probabilità di causare effetti tossici.

CCK2 receptor splice variant with intron 4 retention in human gastrointestinal and lung tumours

The wild-type cholecystokinin type 2 (CCK(2)) receptor is expressed in many gastrointestinal and lung tumours. A splice variant of the CCK(2) receptor with retention of intron 4 (CCK(2)Ri4sv) showing constitutive activity associated with increased tumour growth was described in few colorectal, pancreatic and gastric cancers. Given the potential functional and clinical importance of this spliceoform, its occurrence was quantitatively characterized in a broad collection of 81 gastrointestinal and lung tumours, including insulinomas, ileal carcinoids, gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST), gastric, colorectal and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, cholangiocellular and hepatocellular carcinomas, small cell lung cancers (SCLC), non-SCLC (nSCLC) and bronchopulmonary carcinoids, as well as 21 samples of corresponding normal tissues. These samples were assessed for transcript expression of total CCK(2) receptor, wild-type CCK(2) receptor and CCK(2)Ri4sv with end-point and real-time RT-PCR, and for total CCK(2) receptor protein expression on the basis of receptor binding with in vitro receptor autoradiography. Wild-type CCK(2) receptor transcripts were found in the vast majority of tumours and normal tissues. CCK(2)Ri4sv mRNA expression was present predominantly in insulinomas (incidence 100%), GIST (100%) and SCLC (67%), but rarely in pancreatic, colorectal and gastric carcinomas and nSCLC. It was not found in wild-type CCK(2) receptor negative tumours or any normal tissues tested. CCK(2)Ri4sv transcript levels in individual tumours were low, ranging from 0.02% to 0.14% of total CCK(2) receptor transcripts. In conclusion, the CCK(2)Ri4sv is a marker of specific gastrointestinal and lung tumours. With its high selectivity for and high incidence in SCLC and GIST, it may represent an attractive clinical target.

Conical crowns with electroplated gold copings: retention force changes caused by wear and combined off-axial load

The aim of this study was to examine the wear behavior of conical crowns of gold alloy and zirconium dioxide ceramics facing electroplated gold copings.

Retention force measurement of telescopic crowns

This study deals with the determination of the retentive force between primary and secondary telescopic crowns under clinical conditions. Forty-three combined fixed-removable prostheses with a total of 140 double crowns were used for retention force measurement of the telescopic crowns prior to cementation. The crowns had a preparation of 1-2°. A specifically designed measuring device was used. The retentive forces were measured with and without lubrication by a saliva substitute. The measured values were analyzed according to the type of tooth (incisors, canines, premolars, and molars). Additionally, a comparison between lubricated and unlubricated telescopic crowns was done. As maximum retention force value 29.98 N was recorded with a telescopic crown on a molar, while the minimum of 0.08 N was found with a specimen on a canine. The median value of retention force of all telescopic crowns reached 1.93 N with an interquartile distance of 4.35 N. No statistically significant difference between lubricated and unlubricated specimens was found. The results indicate that retention force values of telescopic crowns, measured in clinical practice, are often much lower than those cited in the literature. The measurements also show a wide range. Whether this proves to be a problem for the patient's quality of life or not can however only be established by a comparison of the presented results with a follow-up study involving measurement of intraoral retention and determination by e.g. oral health impact profile.

Conjunctival Proliferation After a Mild Pepper Spray Injury in a Young Child

PURPOSE To report a case of conjunctival proliferation in a 2.5-year-old boy after initial evidence of a mild chemical injury after ocular exposure to pepper spray (oleoresin capsicum). METHODS Case report with ophthalmologic and histologic findings. RESULTS A child presented with mild conjunctival injection and chemosis without any corneal erosion after direct exposure to pepper spray. Three weeks later, a significant conjunctival proliferation was found at the limbus, which was refractory to treatment with topical corticosteroids. Finally, proliferative tissue was surgically excised without clinical recurrence during 2 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that the young age of the patient may have been an important factor for the severe conjunctival proliferation in comparison to a mainly uncomplicated course of pepper spray injuries in most adults. We recommend the use of topical antiinflammatory treatment even in apparently mild pepper spray injuries, especially in young children.

The effectiveness of ERC advanced life support (ALS) provider courses for the retention of ALS knowledge

Out-of-hospital emergency physicians in Austria need mandatory emergency physician training, followed by biennial refresher courses. Currently, both standardized ERC advanced life support (ALS) provider courses and conventional refresher courses are offered. This study aimed to compare the retention of ALS-knowledge of out-of-hospital emergency physicians depending on whether they had or had not participated in an ERC-ALS provider course since 2005.

Performance of supraglottic airway devices and 12 month skill retention: a randomized controlled study with manikins

Airway management for successful ventilation by laypersons and inexperienced healthcare providers is difficult to achieve. Bag-valve mask (BVM) ventilation requires extensive training and is performed poorly. Supraglottic airway devices (SADs) have been successfully introduced to clinical resuscitation practice as an alternative. We evaluated recently introduced (i-gel™ and LMA-Supreme™) and established SADs (LMA-Unique™, LMA-ProSeal™) and BVM used by laypeople in training sessions on manikins.