Associations of physical activity and sport and exercise with at-risk substance use in young men: a longitudinal study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to measure the associations of physical activity and one of its components, sport and exercise, with at-risk substance use in a population of young men. METHOD: Baseline (2010-2012) and follow-up (2012-2013) data of 4748 young Swiss men from the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors (C-SURF) were used. Cross-sectional and prospective associations between at-risk substance use and both sport and exercise and physical activities were measured using Chi-squared tests and logistic regression models adjusting for covariates. RESULTS: At baseline, logistic regression indicated that sport and exercise is negatively associated with at-risk use of cigarettes and cannabis. A positive association was obtained between physical activity and at-risk alcohol use. At baseline, sport and exercise was negatively associated with at-risk use of cigarettes and cannabis at follow-up. Adjusted for sport and exercise, physical activity was positively associated with at-risk use of cigarettes and cannabis. CONCLUSION: Sport and exercise is cross-sectionally and longitudinally associated with a low prevalence of at-risk use of cigarettes and cannabis. This protective effect was not observed for physical activity broadly defined. Taking a substance use prevention perspective, the promotion of sport and exercise among young adults should be encouraged.

A Qualitative Exploration of the Psychological Contents and Dynamics of Momentum in Sport

While studies on triggers and outcomes of Psychological Momentum (PM) exist, little is known about the dynamics by which PM emerges and develops over time. Based on video-assisted recalls of PM experiences in table tennis and swimming competitions, this research qualitatively explored the triggering processes, contents, and the development of PM over time. PM was found to be triggered by mechanisms of dissonance, consonance, or fear of not winning. During the PM experience, participants reported a variety of perceptions, affects and emotions, cognitions, and behaviors, and PM was found to develop through processes of amplification that sometimes ended with a reduction of efforts when the victory or defeat was perceived as certain. These findings are discussed in light of theories on self-regulation and reactance-helplessness. From a practical standpoint, achievement goal-based strategies are suggested, since mastery-approach goals were found to be endorsed to maintain positive PM and overcome negative PM

Oui à la chasse au dopage pour la santé des athlètes et du sport [Sports and athletes deserve doping runting].

Cet article se veut une revue des effets ergogéniques et potentiellement délétères des principaux compléments alimentaires consommés par les sportifs populaires ou d'élite. De nombreux produits sont proposés sur le marché avec des allégations prometteuses, le plus souvent sans preuve scientifique sur leur validité ou leur innocuité. Les antioxydants n'augmentent ni la force ni l'endurance. La créatine améliore la capacité de récupération pour les exercices en intervalle anaérobie mais pas en course à pied ni en natation. L'hormone de croissance et les stéroïdes anabolisants augmentent la synthèse protéique et la masse maigre mais comportent des effets secondaires graves et souvent irréversibles. Les médecins, les diététiciens et les fédérations sportives ont un rôle important à jouer dans l'information et la prévention, afin d'éviter des attitudes néfastes pour la santé, pouvant même créer des addictions. This article reviews the evidence-based ergogenic potential adverse effects of the most common products in use by recreational and elite athletes today. This is an aggressively marketed and controversial area of sports medicine wordwide. It is therefore important for the scientific societies, clinicians, dieticians sports federations to be well versed in the more popular supplements and drugs in order to have an important role in information and prevention attitudes that can lead to health risks or addictions!

Les méthodes d'études de cas en psychothérapie: perspectives actuelles [Methods of psychotherapy case studies: current perspectives].

There is a renewal of interest among psychotherapy researchers and psychotherapists towards psychotherapy case studies. This article presents two paradigms that have greatly influenced this increasing interest in psychotherapy case studies : the pragmatic case study and the theory-building case study paradigm. The origins, developments and key-concepts of both paradigms are presented, as well as their methodological and ethical specificities. Examples of case studies, along with models developed, are cited. The differential influence of the post-modern schools on both paradigms are presented, as well as their contribution to the field of methods of psychotherapy case studies discussed and assessed in terms of relevance for the researcher and the psychotherapist.

[Voyage en Italie : 1824-1830]. , [Vue présumée de la Punta Nera, port et] rue en pente à Porto Ferrajo : [deux vues perspectives, un plan d'ensemble] : [dessin] / h. L. [Henri Labrouste]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 106

[Voyage en Italie : 1825-1830]. , Fontaine sur la place de S. Spirito ; fontaine adossée à la prison : [deux vues perspectives, un petit plan] : [dessin] / h. L. [Henri Labrouste]

Référence bibliographique : Weigert, 153