Efeito do porta-enxerto e da época de poda na duração das fases fenológicas e no acúmulo de graus-dia pela videira 'Niagara Rosada'

It was evaluated the influence of rootstocks 'IAC 766', 'IAC 572', 'IAC 313', 'IAC 571-6' and 'Ripária do Traviú' and the pruning periods in the duration of phenological stages and in the accumulation of degree-days on grape 'Niagara Rosada' .The experiment was conducted in Louveira, SP. The treatments consisted of five rootstocks and three times of pruning, the experimental design being used in a completely randomized split plot with five replications, and plots represented by rootstocks and the subplots were pruning. After pruning the grapevine, were realized evaluations for phenological stages, using the criterion of Eichhon e Lorenz (1984). ). In three seasons of pruning, based on phenological stages, it was calculated the length of the periods: pruning to budding, pruning to the beginning of the flowering, pruning to the beginning of fruiting, pruning to beginning of ripening of the bunches, pruning the beginning of the harvest. Taking as a basis the cycle length of the vine and the average daytime temperatures, it was calculated the accumulation of degree-days. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test at 5% significance level. It was obtained in the summer pruning the reduction in duration of the phenological stages of 'Niagara Rosada' grafted on the rootstock 'Ripária Traviú'. The longer duration of the cycle and accumulation of degree-day of 'Niagara Rosada' cultivar were obtained with the rootstocks 'IAC 572' and 'IAC 313' pruning in the winter.

Nutritional balance and yield for green manure orange trees

Intercropping could efficiently prevent soil nutrient losses caused by extensive agriculture. The present study aimed to assess the effect of green manure on the nutritional status of orange trees cultivar 'Pera' (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck). The plants were grafted on 'Cravo' lime trees and were then planted in a 7x4m space. Four different treatments corresponding to the evaluated green manures were employed: jack bean (JB) (Canavalia ensiformis DC), lablab (LL) (Dolichos lablab L.), pigeon pea (PP) (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp), and Brachiaria (BQ) (Brachiaria brizantha Hochst ex A. Rich. Stapf) as control. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in split-plot time, with six replicates, with four treatments (green manures) and two plants per evaluation. The nutritional status was assessed by using the DRIS method (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System); the yield and the macro and micronutrient levels contained in green manures and in the control was also determined. The nutritional diagnosis indicated that, in the two years of experiment, plants treated with green manure showed better nutritional balance index compared to Brachiaria. This suggests that, over time, green manure can lead to better nutritional balance. Pigeon pea treatment showed the highest yields, compared to control, in the two evaluated crop cycles (2004/05 and 2005/06).

Extração e exportação de nutrientes pelo feijoeiro adubado com nitrogênio, em diferentes tempos de implantação do sistema plantio direto

Common bean grown in no-tillage (NT) systems has increased markedly in Brazil. Thus, to optimize the fertilizer recommendations, it is important to know the nutritional requirements of this crop when grown under new and established NT systems, which can change the nutrient availability and crop response to nitrogen (N) fertilization. The objective was to evaluate the extraction and exportation of nutrients by common bean as function of N fertilization on soil under new and established NT systems. The experiment was carried out in two agricultural years, on a Red Nitosol (Alfisol) in Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil. A randomized complete block design was used in a split-plot scheme with four replications. The plots consisted of areas under NT systems after different periods of adoption and the subplots of four forms of N application to common bean (T0: control, without nitrogen; T1: 60 kg ha-1 before sowing; T2: 60 kg ha-1 sidedressed at V4 stage; and T3: 60 kg ha-1 before sowing + 60 kg ha-1 sidedressed). The following properties were evaluated: shoot dry matter, nutrient concentration and accumulation in the shoot, grain yield, and nutrient concentration and exportation in the grains. The NT age did not affect common bean yield, nutrition and response to N management. Nitrogen application, especially before sowing, led to higher dry matter and nutrient accumulation by common bean. The nutrient concentration in grains was little influenced by N fertilization. Grain yield and nutrient exportation were highest after double N application (before sowing and sidedressed) or only sidedressed at V4.

Desempenho agronômico de feijão‑caupi e milho semeados em faixas na safrinha

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico de cultivares de feijão‑caupi e de milho, em monocultivo e em cultivo consorciado em faixas, na safrinha. Foram realizados experimentos, em Dourados, MS (2009 e 2010), e em Botucatu, SP (2010). Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. As parcelas com feijão‑caupi foram constituídas por três sistemas de cultivo (em faixas com variedade ou híbrido de milho, além do cultivo solteiro) e as subparcelas, por três cultivares de feijão‑caupi (BRS Guariba, BRS Novaera e BRS Xiquexique). As parcelas com milho foram constituídas por duas cultivares de milho (variedade BR 473 e híbrido BRS 1030 ou BRS 1010), e as subparcelas, por quatro sistemas de cultivo (em faixas com as três cultivares de feijão‑caupi e solteiro). O sistema de consórcio em faixas consistiu de quatro fileiras de feijão‑caupi com quatro fileiras de milho. O consórcio proporcionou um uso mais eficiente da terra. As cultivares de feijão‑caupi apresentaram desempenho produtivo semelhante entre si, quando cultivadas em faixas com o milho. O híbrido de milho é mais produtivo que a variedade, tanto no cultivo solteiro quanto no consorciado.

Épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio em feijoeiro cultivado após milho solteiro ou consorciado com braquiária

The objective of this work was to evaluate the common bean response to N application timing, under no-tillage system, after single corn or intercropped with palisade grass. A randomized complete block experimental design was used in a split-plot arrangement, with four replicates. Plots consisted of: single corn crop or corn intercropped with palisade grass, in two summer cropping seasons precedent to common bean sowing. Subplots consisted of: 100 kg ha-1 N application in three times - before sowing, at sowing, and at side-dressing - and a control treatment without N application. Nitrogen fertilization on common bean increased leaf-N content, the number of pods per plant, and grain yield (33% in the average application timing), only in the cropping after single corn. By providing large mass production and by N cycling, the cultivation of palisade grass intercropped with corn reduced N requirement of common bean in succession, in comparison to previous sole corn cultivation. Early N application before or during common bean sowing time provides grain yield similar to the observed one in the side-dressing application.

Fisiologia e produção da soja tratada com cinetina e cálcio sob deficit hídrico e sombreamento

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of kinetin and calcium applications on the physiologic and productive traits of soybean plants, subjected to drought and shade conditions, at flowering. A randomized complete block design was used, in a split-plot arrangement, with four replicates. Soybean plants cultivated in 38 dm³ pots were sprayed with calcium and kinetin, alone or mixed, and subjected to drought and shade during 12 days. After stress period, plants were cultivated under appropriate water and light availability. Calcium and kinetin application resulted in maintenance of the relative water content after four days of drought beginning. Membrane damage, measured at the end of stress period, was lower in plants sprayed with calcium and kinetin. CO2 assimilation diminished by stress condition, mainly under drought, and grain yield decreased at the same intensity in both environments.

Teor de nitrogênio inorgânico no solo em função de plantas de cobertura, fontes de nitrogênio e inibidor de nitrificação

A utilização de plantas de cobertura pode alterar a rela-ção NO3-:NH4+ no solo, proporcionando maiores quantidades de NH4+ e podendo viabilizar o desenvolvimento de culturas que absorvem mais e preferem esta forma de nitrogênio (N), como o arroz. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da interação de plantas de cobertura e fontes de N, com e sem inibidor de nitrificação (dicianodiamida), em sistema plantio direto (SPD). O experimento foi realizado em 2009/2010, em Botucatu (SP), em Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico cultivado por seis anos no SPD. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcela subdividida, com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas por seis espécies de plantas de cobertura do solo (Urochloa brizantha, U. decumbens, U. humidicola, U. ruziziensis, Pennisetum americanum e Crotalaria spectabilis) e as subparcelas por sete formas de fertilização nitrogenada, aos 0 e 30 dias após a emergência (DAE) do arroz [1 - controle, sem aplicação de nitrogênio; 2 - nitrato de cálcio (40 + 40 kg ha-1); 3 - nitrato de cálcio (0 + 80 kg ha-1); 4 - sulfato de amônio (40 + 40 kg ha-1); 5 - sulfato de amônio (0 + 80 kg ha-1); 6 - sulfato de amônio + dicianodiamida (40 + 40 kg ha-1); e 7 - sulfato de amônio + dicianodiamida (0 + 80 kg ha-1)]. O uso do inibidor de nitrificação e o cultivo de C. spectabilis proporcionaram maiores teores de amônio no solo. A aplicação da fonte amoniacal sem inibidor em dose total aos 30 DAE e com inibidor tanto parcelada quanto em dose total proporcionaram os maiores teores de nitrato no solo.

Absorção de nutrientes em cultivares de gérbera cultivada em vaso

The analysis of the uptake of nutrients is important for understanding the nutritional requirements of a cultivar during its development and identifies periods of increased demand, which allows scheduling fertigation. Nevertheless, the information is limited for gerbera. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine the uptake of potted gerbera cultivars Cherry and Red conducted in substrate in a crop cycle in the period August-October 2008. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a randomized block split plot with four replications. The plots were composed by cultivars and subplots by dates of collection. During the development of the plants, the content and accumulation of macro and micronutrients was assessed in plant tissue of the shoots. The macronutrients were accumulated in the following order: K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S (524, 334, 119, 47, 42, 21 mg plant-1). The micronutrients were accumulated in the following order: Fe>Mn>B>Zn>Cu (7897, 1505, 801, 384,63 µg plant-1). The reproductive was the period of greatest uptake of nutrients, except for Fe.

Disponibilidade de fósforo em solo cultivado com braquiária em rotação com soja

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Componentes agronômicos e índices fisiológicos da mandioca correlacionados ao preparo do solo

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

Compactação e lâminas de água do solo para a colheita de tapetes de grama

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) - FCA

Adubação potássica e desenvolvimento de clones de eucalipto cultivados em Luís Eduardo Magalhães-BA

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Nitrogen fertilization management in no-tillage maize with different winter crops

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Demanda energética na colheita de híbridos de milho para silagem em função do estádio de maturidade e tamanho de partícula

Corn is the crop most used for making silage. The efficiency of the process should also be evaluated by cost per kg of dry matter harvested (kgDM). The objective of this study was to evaluate energy consumption in the harvest of corn hybrids for silage depending on the texture of the hybrid, four and three harvest maturities of particle sizes - Tp was used a tractor Massey Ferguson MF 610 model 86 cv. Cutting and harvesting the forage harvester is used model JF92 Z10. To obtain data on fuel consumption (CC) and time spent for each plot, we used a flow meter, installed near the fuel filter of the tractor. The experimental design was completely randomized in a split plot. The interaction between factors triple stage hybrid * Harvest * Tp. The velocity and displacement of the tractor were different for the maturities for hybrid hard texture. The CC schedule for hybrid dent increased harvest maturity earlier and at lower Tp. Consumption was lower by kgDM later maturity, hard texture and bite respectively. The theoretical power was higher in earlier maturity and yield were higher for hybrid hard texture in the most advanced. The CC was lower in late maturity and the hybrid hard texture can be used for silage in relation to the Cc and income in later maturity in higher Tp.

Produção de chicória da amazônia cultivada sob densidades de cultivo e poda do pendão floral

Chicory is a vegetable Amazon unconventional flavor that has attracted the attention of researchers for its great versatility, which makes it a promising vegetable. However, jobs are scarce in the literature on cultivation techniques for the species. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pruning tassel floral and different spacing, the yield on Amazon chicory. Three different spacings: E1 = 0.15 x 0.15 m, with 44 plants m(2), E2 = 0.20 x 0.20 m, with 25 plants m(2), and E3 = 0.25 x 0.25 m, with 16 plants m(2), with and without pruning floral tassel. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design in a split plot design 3 x 2, with six replications. The characteristics evaluated were: number of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight of shoots, number of tassel floral tassel floral fresh weight, yield (kg m(-2)), and leaf area index (LAI). The largest production of chicory Amazon was obtained in plants grown at a spacing of 0.25 x 0.25 m subjected to pruning floral tassel. The highest yield for Amazon chicory was obtained in plants grown at a spacing of 0.15 x 0.15 m submitted pruning floral tassel.