Stepping-motor-driven constant-shear-rate rotating viscometer

Despite the frequent use of stepping motors in robotics, automation, and a variety of precision instruments, they can hardly be found in rotational viscometers. This paper proposes the use of a stepping motor to drive a conventional constant-shear-rate laboratory rotational viscometer to avoid the use of velocity sensor and gearbox and, thus, simplify the instrument design. To investigate this driving technique, a commercial rotating viscometer has been adapted to be driven by a bipolar stepping motor, which is controlled via a personal computer. Special circuitry has been added to microstep the stepping motor at selectable step sizes and to condition the torque signal. Tests have been carried out using the prototype to produce flow curves for two standard Newtonian fluids (920 and 12 560 mPa (.) s, both at 25 degrees C). The flow curves have been obtained by employing several distinct microstep sizes within the shear rate range of 50-500 s(-1). The results indicate the feasibility of the proposed driving technique.

Miniaturized structures for removal or selection of particles from liquid flow

The aim of this work was the development of miniaturized structures useful for retention and/or selection of particles and viscous substances from a liquid flow. The proposed low costs structures are similar to macroscopic wastewater treatment systems, named baffles, and allow disassemble. They were simulated using FEMLAB 3.2b package and manufactured in acrylic with conventional tools. Tests for retention or selection of particles in water or air and viscous fluids in water were carried out. Either in air or water particles with 50 mu m diameter will be retained but not with 13 mu m diameter. In aqueous flow, it is also possible the retention of viscous samples, such as silicone 350 cSt. The simulated results showed good agreement with experimental measurements. These miniaturized structures can be useful in sample pretreatment for chemical analysis and microorganism manipulation. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Impedimetric immunosensor for electronegative low density lipoprotein (LDL(-)) based on monoclonal antibody adsorbed on (polyvinyl formal)-gold nanoparticles matrix

Monoclonal antibodies (MAb) have been commonly applied to measure LDL in vivo and to characterize modifications of the lipids and apoprotein of the LDL particles. The electronegative low density lipoprotein (LDL(-)) has an apolipoprotein B-100 modified at oxidized events in vivo. In this work, a novel LDL-electrochemical biosensor was developed by adsorption of anti-LDL(-) MAb on an (polyvinyl formal)-gold nanoparticles (PVF-AuNPs)-modified gold electrode. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to characterize the recognition of LDL-. The interaction between MAb-LDL(-) leads to a blockage in the electron transfer of the [Fe(CN)(6)](4-)/K(4)[Fe(CN)(6)](3-) redox couple, which may could result in high change in the electron transfer resistance (R(CT)) and decrease in the amperometric responses in CV analysis. The compact antibody-antigen complex introduces the insulating layer on the assembled surface, which increases the diameter of the semicircle, resulting in a high R(CT), and the charge transferring rate constant k(0) decreases from 18.2 x 10(-6) m/s to 4.6 x 10(-6) m/s. Our results suggest that the interaction between MAb and lipoprotein can be quantitatively assessed by the modified electrode. The PVF-AuNPs-MAb system exhibited a sensitive response to LDL(-), which could be used as a biosensor to quantify plasmatic levels of LDL(-). (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) closed cell foam on transmitted forces in mouthguard material

Objectives: To compare transmitted forces through ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) mouthguard material and the same EVA material with gas inclusions in the form of a closed cell foam. Method: EVA mouthguard materials with and without foam gas inclusions and 4 mm thick were impacted with a constant force from an impact pendulum. Various porosity levels in the foam materials were produced by 1%, 5%, and 10% by weight foaming agent. The forces transmitted through the EVA after energy absorption by the test materials were measured with a force sensor and compared. Results: Only minor non-significant differences in transmitted forces through the EVA with and without foam were shown. Conclusions: The inclusion of gas in the form of a closed cell foam in 4 mm thick EVA mouthguard materials did not improve the impact performance of the EVA mouthguard material.

Local piezoelectric response of single poly(vinylidene fluoride) electrospun fibers

It is shown that electrospun poly(vynilidene fluoride) nanofibers are fully poled right after preparation and show b-phase contents of 70%, therefore being able to be implemented into electroactive devices without further processing steps. Further,the local piezoelectric properties of individual electrospun fibers have been studied by piezoresponse force microscopy. Piezoelectric response, polarization switching, and nanoscale patterning of the fibers have been demonstrated.

Improving fECG signal acquisition in the evaluation of fetal well-being

The ability to monitor fetal heart rate is vital during late pregnancy and labor in order to evaluate fetal well-being. Current monitoring practice is essentially based on external cardiotocography and, less frequently, during labor, invasive fetal scalp electrocardiography. Many current and envisaged applications could benefi t from simpler devices using a 3-lead ECG confi guration. We are designing a maternity support belt with an embedded wireless 3-lead ECG sensor, and have investigated the infl uence of the ground electrode position on signal quality. Data from over 100 pregnant women was collected with the ground electrode placed in 3 locations in order to determine optimum electrode placement and belt form factor.

Fatigue Prediction on Fibrin Poly-ε-caprolactone Macroporous Scaffolds

Tissue engineering applications rely on scaffolds that during its service life, either for in-vivo or in vitro applications, are under mechanical solicitations. The variation of the mechanical condition of the scaffold is strongly relevant for cell culture and has been scarcely addressed. Fatigue life cycle of poly-ε-caprolactone, PCL, scaffolds with and without fibrin as filler of the pore structure were characterized both dry and immersed in liquid water. It is observed that the there is a strong increase from 100 to 500 in the number of loading cycles before collapse in the samples tested in immersed conditions due to the more uniform stress distributions within the samples, the fibrin loading playing a minor role in the mechanical performance of the scaffolds

Assessment of 3D scanners for modeling Pectus Carinatum corrective bar

Pectus Carinatum (PC) is a chest deformity consisting on the anterior protrusion of the sternum and adjacent costal cartilages. Non-operative corrections, such as the orthotic compression brace, require previous information of the patient chest surface, to improve the overall brace fit. This paper focuses on the validation of the Kinect scanner for the modelling of an orthotic compression brace for the correction of Pectus Carinatum. To this extent, a phantom chest wall surface was acquired using two scanner systems – Kinect and Polhemus FastSCAN – and compared through CT. The results show a RMS error of 3.25mm between the CT data and the surface mesh from the Kinect sensor and 1.5mm from the FastSCAN sensor

Assessment of 3D scanners for modeling pectus carinatum corrective bar

Pectus Carinatum (PC) is a chest deformity consisting on the anterior protrusion of the sternum and adjacent costal cartilages. Non-operative corrections, such as the orthotic compression brace, require previous information of the patient chest surface, to improve the overall brace fit. This paper focuses on the validation of the Kinect scanner for the modelling of an orthotic compression brace for the correction of Pectus Carinatum. To this extent, a phantom chest wall surface was acquired using two scanner systems – Kinect and Polhemus FastSCAN – and compared through CT. The results show a RMS error of 3.25mm between the CT data and the surface mesh from the Kinect sensor and 1.5mm from the FastSCAN sensor.

An Electromagnetic Tracker System for the design of a dental superstructure

Nowadays, different techniques are available for manufacturing full-arch implant-supported prosthesis, many of them based on an impression procedure. Nevertheless, the long-term success of the prosthesis is highly influenced by the accuracy during such process, being affected by factors such as the impression material, implant position, angulation and depth. This paper investigates the feasibility of a 3D electromagnetic motion tracking system as an acquisition method for modeling such prosthesis. To this extent, we propose an implant acquisition method at the patient mouth, using a specific prototyped tool coupled with a tracker sensor, and a set of calibration procedures (for distortion correction and tool calibration), that ultimately obtains combined measurements of the implant’s position and angulation, and eliminating the use of any impression material. However, in the particular case of the evaluated tracking system, the order of magnitude of the obtained errors invalidates its use for this specific application.

Automação e controlo de um sistema de armazenamento de bicicletas

A crescente procura da bicicleta como meio de transporte alternativo torna relevante a criação e desenvolvimento de infra-estruturas de apoio, tais como ciclovias e parques para bicicletas. Os sistemas tradicionais de parqueamento de bicicletas com recurso a correntes e cadeados não fornecem segurança nem comodidade. No entanto, começam a surgir, em várias cidades do mundo, parque automáticos onde é possível guardar uma bicicleta em segurança, protegendo-a quer das intempéries quer de actos de vandalismo. Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta para um parque automático de armazenamento de bicicletas, com recurso a caixas individualizadas que garantem a sua segurança, e também de outros bens que podem ser guardados junto da mesma, como por exemplo um capacete ou uma mochila. O sistema proposto no âmbito deste trabalho é um complemento às alternativas existentes. As vantagens apresentadas pelo sistema proposto são: a sua construção modular e personalizada; e a possibilidade de instalação num terreno plano, sem recurso a obras de construção civil. O objectivo foi criar um projecto de automação e controlo de um protótipo, com base na proposta apresentada. O projecto de automação e controlo engloba a escolha dos sensores e dos actuadores. Para o dimensionamento dos motores foi necessário recorrer a um cálculo simplificado da estrutura do robô manipulador. Foi feita a escolha dos sensores, actuadores e do controlador com base nos requisitos funcionais. A programação foi desenvolvida numa linguagem normalizada. O modelo desenvolvido poderá servir de base para um projecto multidisciplinar entre vários departamentos do Instituto e dessa cooperação poderá surgir um novo projecto optimizado para produção e de menor custo.

A 3-phase model for VIS/NIR mu C-Si : H p-i-n detectors

The spectral response and the photocurrent delivered by entirely microcrystalline p-i-n-Si:H detectors an analysed under different applied bias and light illumination conditions. The spectral response and the internal collection depend not only on the energy range but also on the illumination side. Under [p]- and [n]-side irradiation, the internal collection characteristics have an atypical shape. It is high for applied bias and lower than the open circuit voltage, shows a steep decrease near the open circuit voltage (higher under [n]-side illumination) and levels off for higher voltages. Additionally, the numerical modeling of the VIS/NIR detector, based on the band discontinuities near the grain boundaries and interfaces, complements the study and gives insight into the internal physical process.

Optical demultiplexer device operating in the visible spectrum

In this paper, we present results on the use of multilayered a-SiC:H heterostructures as a device for wavelength-division demultiplexing of optical signals. These devices are useful in optical communications applications that use the wavelength division multiplexing technique to encode multiple signals into the same transmission medium. The device is composed of two stacked p-i-n photodiodes, both optimized for the selective collection of photo generated carriers. Band gap engineering was used to adjust the photogeneration and recombination rate profiles of the intrinsic absorber regions of each photodiode to short and long wavelength absorption in the visible spectrum. The photocurrent signal using different input optical channels was analyzed at reverse and forward bias and under steady state illumination. A demux algorithm based on the voltage controlled sensitivity of the device was proposed and tested. An electrical model of the WDM device is presented and supported by the solution of the respective circuit equations.

Voltammetric immunosensor for the diagnosis of celiac disease based on the quantification of anti-gliadin antibodies

Antibodies against gliadin are used to detect celiac disease (CD) in patients. An electrochemical immunosensor for the voltammetric detection of human anti-gliadin antibodies (AGA) IgA and AGA IgG in real serum samples is proposed. The transducer surface consists of screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with a carbon nanotube/gold nanoparticle hybrid system, which provides a very useful surface for the amplification of the immunological interactions. The immunosensing strategy is based on the immobilization of gliadin, the antigen for the autoantibodies of interest, onto the nanostructured surface. The antigen–antibody interaction is recorded using alkaline phosphatase labeled anti-human antibodies and a mixture of 3-indoxyl phosphate with silver ions (3-IP/Ag+) was used as the substrate. The analytical signal is based on the anodic redissolution of the enzymatically generated silver by cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical behavior of this immunosensor was carefully evaluated assessing aspects as sensitivity, non-specific binding and matrix effects, and repeatability and reproducibility. The results were supported with a commercial ELISA test.

Sistema de reconhecimento de impressões digitais baseado em FPGA

Trabalho de Projeto para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia de Eletrónica e Telecomunicações