Molecular typing of bacterial strains isolated from the Clinics of Surgery and Face Traumatology at Ribeirão Preto University

The number of infectious illnesses and cross infection is spreading drastically among the professionals of the dentistry area. Controlling infections in dental offices is one of the greatest challenges for dentists and researchers of this area. In practice, contacts between professionals and infected patients are relatively common. The transmission of infectious illnesses from the health professionals to their patients is also possible, either by direct contact or due to lack of cares in relation to biosafety, increasing the cycle of cross infection. Molecular typing is necessary since these methods are an important tool to investigate the epidemiology of bacterial infections. Moreover, they are important for supplying information and precedents through the analysis of the infectious agents eletrophoretic profile. The aim of the present work was to analyze by molecular typing the genomic profile of aerobic bacteria isolated from the Clinics of Surgery and Face Traumatology, Ribeirão Preto University, through the technique of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and grouped based on similarity coefficients. Of two carried out collections, 55 strains were isolates belonging to the following groups: 12 Staphylococcus aureus; 13 Klebsiella oxytoca; 7 Klebsiella pneumoniae; 8 Pseudomonas aeruginosa; 5 Hafnia alvei; 5 Proteus vulgaris; 4 Escherichia coli; and 1 Proteus mirabilis. The adopted molecular typing strategy allowed the determination of the persistence of definitive strains at the collection environment, besides the identification of strains proceeding from the hands and gloves of the surgeon dentists, which could have been found in distant places as sinks and reflectors.

Importance of xenarthrans in the eco-epidemiology of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

Background. Several pathogens that cause important zoonotic diseases have been frequently associated with armadillos and other xenarthrans. This mammal group typically has evolved on the South American continent and many of its extant species are seriously threatened with extinction. Natural infection of armadillos with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in hyperendemic areas has provided a valuable opportunity for understanding the role of this mammal in the eco-epidemiology of Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), one of the most important systemic mycoses in Latin America. Findings. This study aimed to detect P. brasiliensis in different xenarthran species (Dasypus novemcinctus, Cabassous spp., Euphractus sexcinctus, Tamandua tetradactyla and Myrmecophaga tridactyla), by molecular and mycological approaches, in samples obtained by one of the following strategies: i) from road-killed animals (n = 6); ii) from naturally dead animals (n = 8); iii) from animals that died in captivity (n = 9); and iv) from living animals captured from the wild (n = 2). Specific P. brasiliensis DNA was detected in several organs among 7/20 nine-banded armadillos (D. novemcinctus) and in 2/2 anteaters (M. tridactyla). The fungus was also cultured in tissue samples from one of two armadillos captured from the wild. Conclusion. Members of the Xenarthra Order, especially armadillos, have some characteristics, including a weak cellular immune response and low body temperature, which make them suitable models for studying host-pathogen interaction. P. brasiliensis infection in wild animals, from PCM endemic areas, may be more common than initially postulated and reinforces the use of these animals as sentinels for the pathogen in the environment. © 2009 Bagagli et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

Late-onset sepsis: Epidemiology, evaluation, and outcome

Late-onset neonatal sepsis is a common serious problem in preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units. Diagnosis can be difficult because clinical manifestations are not specific and none of the available laboratory tests can be considered an ideal marker. For this reason, a combination of markers has been proposed. Complete blood count and acute-phase reactants evaluated together help in diagnosis. C-reactive protein is a specific but late marker, and procalcitonin has proven accurate, although it is little studied in newborns. Blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine cultures always should be obtained when late-onset sepsis is suspected. Blood culture, the gold standard in diagnosis, is highly sensitive but needs up to 48 hours to detect microbial growth. Various cytokines have been investigated as early markers of infection, but results are not uniform. Other diagnostic tests that offer promise include: neutrophil surface markers, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, toll-like receptors, and nuclear factor kappa B. The greatest hope for quick and accurate diagnosis lies in molecular biology, using real time polymerase chain reaction combined withDNAmicroarray. Sepsis and meningitis may affect both the short- and long-term prognosis for newborns. Mortality in neonatal meningitis has been reduced in recent years, but short-term complications and later neurocognitive sequelae remain. Late-onset sepsis significantly increases preterm infant mortality and the risk of cerebral lesions and neurosensory sequelae, including developmental difficulties and cerebral palsy. Early diagnosis of late-onset sepsis contributes to improved neonatal prognosis, but the outcome remains far from satisfactory. © 2010 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

Circulation of Different Lineages of Dengue Virus 2, Genotype American/Asian in Brazil: Dynamics and Molecular and Phylogenetic Characterization

The American/Asian genotype of Dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) was introduced into the Americas in the 80′s. Although there is no data showing when this genotype was first introduced into Brazil, it was first detected in Brazil in 1990. After which the virus spread throughout the country and major epidemics occurred in 1998, 2007/08 and 2010. In this study we sequenced 12 DENV-2 genomes obtained from serum samples of patients with dengue fever residing in São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo (SJRP/SP), Brazil, in 2008. The whole open reading frame or envelope sequences were used to perform phylogenetic, phylogeographic and evolutionary analyses. Isolates from SJRP/SP were grouped within one lineage (BR3) close to isolates from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Isolates from SJRP were probably introduced there at least in 2007, prior to its detection in the 2008 outbreak. DENV-2 circulation in Brazil is characterized by the introduction, displacement and circulation of three well-defined lineages in different times, most probably from the Caribbean. Thirty-seven unique amino acid substitutions were observed among the lineages, including seven amino acid differences in domains I to III of the envelope protein. Moreover, we dated here, for the first time, the introduction of American/Asian genotype into Brazil (lineage BR1) to 1988/89, followed by the introduction of lineages BR2 (1998-2000) and BR3 (2003-05). Our results show a delay between the introduction and detection of DENV-2 lineages in Brazil, reinforcing the importance and need for surveillance programs to detect and trace the evolution of these viruses. Additionally, Brazilian DENV-2 differed in genetic diversity, date of introduction and geographic origin and distribution in Brazil, and these are important factors for the evolution, dynamics and control of dengue. © 2013 Drumond et al.

Nucleotide and phylogenetic analysis of human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 isolated from recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in Brazil

There are few studies about the distribution of natural molecular variants of low-risk HPVs. Our aim was to evaluate the E6 early gene variability among HPV-6 and HPV-11 isolates detected in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) samples obtained in a cohort of Brazilian patients. We also performed a phylogenetic analysis in order to compare nucleotide sequences identified in our study with previously reported isolates from different anatomic sites (laryngeal papillomas, genital warts, cervical cancer and anal swabs) obtained from other parts of the world to determine the phylogenetic relationships of variants detected in Brazil. The complete coding region of the E6 gene of 25 samples was cloned and sequenced: 18 isolates of HPV-6 (72%) and 7 isolates of HPV-11 (28%). A total of four different HPV-6 genomic variants and two HPV-11 genomic variants was identified. It was not possible to correlate specific variants with disease severity. Phylogenetic trees for both HPV types were constructed enclosing both E6 sequences detected in our study and formerly published sequences. In both phylogenetic trees, the sequences from Brazil did not group together. We could not establish a geographical association between HPV-6 or HPV-11 variants, unlike HPV-16 and HPV-18. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

Systemic CA-MRSA infection following trauma during soccer match in inner Brazil: Clinical and molecular characterization

Even though community-acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) was described a decade ago, reports from Brazil are scarce and cases occurred in large urban centers. We report MRSA sepsis in a 16-year-old male from a small town and who had no history of exposure to healthcare or recent travel. After trauma during a soccer match, he presented swelling in the right thigh, which evolved in a month to cellulitis complicated by local abscess, orchitis and pneumonia. The patient presented severe sepsis, with fever and respiratory failure. Laboratory findings included blood leukocyte counts above 40,000/mm3 and thrombocytopenia. He was submitted to mechanical ventilation and therapy with vancomycin and imipenem. He had a slow but favorable response to therapy and was discharged after six weeks of hospitalization. MRSA grew from blood cultures and respiratory aspirates obtained before antimicrobial therapy. The isolate belonged to sequence type 5, spa type t311, harbored SCCmec type IV and genes for Panton-Valentine leukocidin and Enterotoxin A. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern was distinct from North American classic CA-MRSA clones. However, the sequence type and the spa type revealed that the clone belong to the same clonal complex isolated in Argentina. This is the first CA-MRSA infection reported in that region, with significant epidemiologic and clinical implications. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.

Modelagem molecular da interação entre a proteína de fusão do vírus sincicial respiratório humano e inibidores da ação viral. -

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Inquérito sorológico, molecular e fatores de risco para leptospirose em mamíferos cativos, papel dos animais sinantrópicos presentes no local e aspectos de saúde pública

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Detecção parasitológica, molecular e sorológica de Erlichia canis e babesia canis em cães da região Centro-Oriental da Colômbia

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Caracterização morfológica, bioquímica e molecular do músculo esquelético sóleo de ratos espontaneamente hipertensos com insuficiência cardíaca

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo de potenciais inibidores de inibidores de infecção causada por Vírus Sincicial Respiratório em cultura de célula

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Detecção e caracterização molecular de Chlamydophila psittaci e Chlamydophila abortus em aves assintomáticas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação física, epidemiológica e molecular da infecção por Cryptosporidium spp. em passeriformes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ocorrência de microrganismos periodontopatogênicos e viruses herpéticos na cavidade bucal de pacientes portadores de Síndrome de Down

Pós-graduação em Ciência Odontólogica - FOA

Caracterização molecular de isolados de Paracoccidioides brasiliensis obtidos de Dasypus novemcinctus (tatu) e sua correlação com virulência e origem geográfica

Pós-graduação em Patologia - FMB