O novo museu das gentes brasileiras : criação, reconhecimento e sustentabilidade dos processos museológicos comunitários

Abordam-se questões teóricas e práticas inerentes aos processos museológicos de claro perfil comunitário, onde os museus podem ser entendidos como criações autênticas de comunidades, no seu trabalho de construção e sustentação de sua memória social. No contexto do panorama diversificado das museologias sociais , comunitárias, territoriais e ecomuseologia na contemporaneidade, propõe-se a profissionalização de responsáveis por museus locais, ecomuseus e museus comunitários pela oferta de capacitação em cursos ou oficinas e a inclusão gradativa da Museologia Comunitária nas graduações, especializações e cursos de extensão , apostando no jogo da formação e da qualificação das comunidades que desejam gerir seus museus e assim “ agarrar a mudança”.

Gestión de Procesos aplicada a Instituciones de Educación Superior caso: Universidad de Las Américas (UDLA), Área de Registro Curricular, en el período 2011

El presente trabajo analiza los conceptos básicos de la Gestión por Procesos, sus procedimientos, flujos e interrelaciones, así como su aplicación y beneficios en el Área de Registro Curricular de la UDLA. En él se describe la metodología destinada a la estructura, organización y determinación de los procesos para la resolución de problemas, concentrando la atención en el resultado de cada uno de los procesos, permitiendo así, el desarrollo de una cultura de calidad y mejora continua. La metodología desarrollada se basa en dos modelos de Gestión por Procesos, el modelo ISO y el EFQM. El modelo desarrollado inicia con la identificación de la cadena de valor, en la cual se establecen los procesos claves y de apoyo, identificando de manera secuencial los cuatro niveles de procesos, que son: el macro proceso, proceso, subproceso y el procedimiento, desencadenando en el aplicación de las diferentes fases de identificación, análisis, documentación y mejoramiento continuo, definiendo de manera clara las tareas y los responsables asignados de su ejecución. Además se definen los indicadores que permiten realizar el seguimiento y control de cada proceso, en busca de eficiencia y eficacia en la gestión. Los resultados obtenidos a través de una prueba piloto aplicada al subproceso de evaluación docente, ha permitido identificar, entender y ejecutar cada tarea de manera correcta y fluida, eliminado tiempos muertos y agregando valor al producto y servicio. Midiendo de esta manera la verdadera contribución de la aplicación a la productividad, eficiencia del subproceso y satisfacción de las necesidades de los clientes internos y externos del Área de Registro Curricular.

Análisis del Decreto Ejecutivo No. 813, publicado en el Registro Oficial No. 489 de 12 de julio de 2011: una aproximación teórico práctica

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo realizar el análisis del Decreto Ejecutivo No. 813, Publicado en el Registro Oficial No. 489 de 12 de Julio de 2011, destinado a reformar el Reglamento General a la Ley Orgánica de Servicio Público. Mediante dicho decreto se buscó regular la desvinculación de servidores y servidoras por medio de la compra de renuncias con indemnización. El análisis se realiza desde la perspectiva del Derecho Administrativo y el Derecho Constitucional, con el objeto de desentrañar su naturaleza jurídica, definir el marco regulatorio que lo gobierna y estudiar las críticas propuestas contra él. En un primer momento, se enmarca el objeto de análisis en el contexto constitucional en el que se desarrolla: el modelo propuesto por la Constitución de la República del Ecuador, denominado “Estado constitucional de derechos y Justicia”, con especial énfasis en el sistema de fuentes que propone. En seguida, se presenta en particular la fuente del derecho denominada “decreto”, como parte de las atribuciones constitucionales del Presidente o la Presidenta de la República, y se discurre sobre las características particulares del Decreto Ejecutivo Nº 813. A continuación, a través de la teoría de los límites a la función administrativa, se procede a un análisis crítico de los posibles mecanismos de impugnación del Decreto Ejecutivo Nº 813, tanto en sede constitucional, como contenciosoadministrativa, tomando en consideración las vías intentadas para el efecto por diversos actores sociales. Por último, se señalan conclusiones y recomendaciones para cada uno de los puntos analizados.

De novo alanine synthesis by bacteroids of Mesorhizobium loti is not required for nitrogen transfer in the determinate nodules of Lotus corniculatus

Deletion of both alanine dehydrogenase genes (aldA) in Mesorhizobium loti resulted in the loss of AldA enzyme activity from cultured bacteria and bacteroids but had no effect on the symbiotic performance of Lotus corniculatus plants. Thus, neither indeterminate pea nodules nor determinate L. corniculatus nodules export alanine as the sole nitrogen secretion product.

Structurally-related (−)-epicatechin metabolites in humans: assessment using de novo chemically synthesized authentic standards

Accumulating data suggest that diets rich in flavanols and procyanidins are beneficial for human health. In this context, there has been a great interest in elucidating the systemic levels and metabolic profiles at which these compounds occur in humans. While recent progress has been made, there still exist considerable differences and various disagreements with regard to the mammalian metabolites of these compounds, which in turn is largely a consequence of the lack of availability of authentic standards that would allow for the directed development and validation of expedient analytical methodologies. In the present study, we developed a method for the analysis of structurally-related flavanol metabolites using a wide range of authentic standards. Applying this method in the context of a human dietary intervention study using comprehensively characterized and standardized flavanol- and procyanidin-containing cocoa, we were able to identify the structurally-related (−)-epicatechin metabolites (SREM) postprandially extant in the systemic circulation of humans. Our results demonstrate that (−)-epicatechin-3′-β-D-glucuronide, (−)-epicatechin-3′-sulfate, and a 3′-O-methyl(−)-epicatechin-5/7-sulfate are the predominant SREM in humans, and further confirm the relevance of the stereochemical configuration in the context of flavanol metabolism. In addition, we also identified plausible causes for the previously reported discrepancies regarding flavanol metabolism, consisting to a significant extent of inter-laboratory differences in sample preparation (enzymatic treatment and sample conditioning for HPLC analysis) and detection systems. Thus, these findings may also aid in the establishment of consensus on this topic.

Low relative humidity triggers RNA-directed de novo DNA methylation and suppression of genes controlling stomatal development

Environmental cues influence the development of stomata on the leaf epidermis, and allow plants to exert plasticity in leaf stomatal abundance in response to the prevailing growing conditions. It is reported that Arabidopsis thaliana ‘Landsberg erecta’ plants grown under low relative humidity have a reduced stomatal index and that two genes in the stomatal development pathway, SPEECHLESS and FAMA, become de novo cytosine methylated and transcriptionally repressed. These environmentally-induced epigenetic responses were abolished in mutants lacking the capacity for de novo DNA methylation, for the maintenance of CG methylation, and in mutants for the production of short-interfering non-coding RNAs (siRNAs) in the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway. Induction of methylation was quantitatively related to the induction of local siRNAs under low relative humidity. Our results indicate the involvement of both transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene suppression at these loci in response to environmental stress. Thus, in a physiologically important pathway, a targeted epigenetic response to a specific environmental stress is reported and several of its molecular, mechanistic components are described, providing a tractable platform for future epigenetics experiments. Our findings suggest epigenetic regulation of stomatal development that allows for anatomical and phenotypic plasticity, and may help to explain at least some of the plant’s resilience to fluctuating relative humidity.

Cinema Novo, Glauber, Herzog

This chapter compares the trajectories of Glauber Rocha and Werner Herzog in the light of the Cinema Novo.

Pasolini and Third World hunger: an approach to Cinema Novo through 'La ricotta'

Among the links between Pier Paolo Pasolini and Brazilian Cinema Novo, one of the most inspiring is the political approach to hunger and consumption. In this text, I analyse this topic to look at how some of the aesthetic ideas in Pasolini’s La ricotta (1963) can also be found in some of the most important films of Cinema Novo. In 'La ricotta' (1963), the irresistible need to eat of a subproletarian interacts and clashes with his responsibilities as an actor in a movie version of the Passion of Christ, so that the film creates a complex network of relations between film shooting, social differences, art, hunger, consumption, time and light, which turns the film set into a space for displaying political relations, differences, exploitation and revolution. The correspondences between these concepts and some aggression techniques of Cinema Novo are numerous and confirm the capacity of Pasolini’s film to project ideas on cinema and politics beyond its particular production context.