Temperatura e enriquecimento ambiental sobre o bem-estar de coelhos em crescimento

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Produtividade de ratos Wistar em diferentes sistemas de acasalamento

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Produção da tilápia vermelha da Flórida em tanques-rede

A produção de peixes em tanques-rede no Brasil tem aumentado nas últimas décadas. O baixo investimento inicial e o potencial hídrico representado pela enorme quantidade de água represada em nosso País têm atraído o interesse de empresários para essa atividade. O objetivo desse trabalho foi gerar informações sobre o efeito da densidade de estocagem no crescimento e produtividade da tilápia vermelha da Flórida criadas em tanques-rede. Foram instalados doze tanques-rede de 5 m3, numa represa de 1 ha, e estocados com 25, 50, 75 e 100 tilápias vermelhas da Flórida revertidas por m3. Os peixes foram alimentados com rações extrusadas comerciais contendo 32 e 28% PB por 253 dias. As temperaturas máxima, mínima e média da água foram 32,2, 16,0 e 23,9 C, respectivamente. Também foram monitorados a condutividade (58 mS/cm2), alcalinidade total (28 mg/L), amônia não ionizada (0,26 mg/L), nitrito (0,02 mg/L), oxigênio dissolvido (4,1 mg/L) e transparência da água (37 cm). Foram determinados o peso médio final (279,54g), comprimento padrão médio final (18,72cm), fator de condição (4,12), conversão alimentar aparente (3,15), taxa de sobrevivência (96,9%), ganho de peso diário (0,92g), taxa de crescimento específico (0,70%) e coeficientes de variação do peso (0,357%), do comprimento padrão (0,136%) e do fator de condição (0,136%). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas (P>0,05) entre as densidades de estocagem testadas nesses parâmetros. A densidade de estocagem de 100 peixes/m3 proporcionou a maior biomassa por m3 (P<0,001).

Relação entre tricomas foliares de genótipos de feijoeiro comum, Phaseolus vulgaris L. e resistência a Diabrotica speciosa Germar, 1824 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Handling of female pacas (Agouti paca, Linnaeus, 1766) for ultrasound pregnancy detection

A paca é um roedor sul-americano cujo manejo, tranqüilização ou anestesia oferece um grande campo de pesquisa devido aos poucos artigos existentes. Doze pacas fêmeas adultas foram utilizadas, mantidas separadas em seis baias, sendo capturadas com um puçá de polipropileno e levadas a uma sala na qual se realizava a tricotomia abdominal. Após, os animais eram colocados em uma gaiola de ferro de compressão lateral. A sessão de ultra-sonografia era realizada em modo B com um transdutor setorial eletrônico de 5,0 e 7,5 MHz. Para a diminuição do estresse causado pelos procedimentos, a tranqüilização das fêmeas era realizada com diazepam e maleato de midazolam por via oral. Ambos demonstraram-se efetivos na tranqüilização das pacas previamente e durante as sessões, sendo que o maleato de midazolam proporcionou um melhor manejo dos animais.

Avaliação nutricional da silagem de grãos úmidos de sorgo de alto ou de baixo conteúdo de taninos para leitões na fase de creche

Foram realizados dois experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar a utilização da silagem de grãos úmidos de sorgo (SGUS) de alto ou baixo conteúdo de tanino na alimentação de leitões na fase de creche. No ensaio de digestibilidade, foram utilizados 12 suínos mestiços, machos castrados (peso inicial de 15,9±1,9 kg), alojados em gaiolas para estudos de metabolismo, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições, em que a unidade experimental foi constituída por um leitão. O método utilizado foi o de coleta total de fezes e urina. Os valores de MS, proteína, amido, MO e energia digestíveis e os de EM, na matéria natural (68,75% de MS), foram, respectivamente, 43,94; 5,45; 46,67; 63,46%; 2.700 e 2.674 kcal/kg para a SGUS de alto teor de tanino e 40,72; 5,92; 44,08; 63,75%; 2.641 e 2.608 kcal/kg, para SGUS de baixo conteúdo de tanino. O segundo experimento foi conduzido para avaliar o desempenho de leitões e a viabilidade econômica da utilização de rações com diferentes níveis de substituição do milho seco por SGUS de alto ou baixo teor de tanino. Foram utilizados 56 suínos mestiços (14,7±1,9 e 29,2±3,0 kg de pesos inicial e final) distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições e dois leitões por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma ração à base de milho e farelo de soja e de outras seis com 33, 66 e 100% de substituição do milho seco por SGUS de alto ou baixo conteúdo de taninos, com base nos valores de energia digestível (ED) desses ingredientes. Não foram observadas diferenças no desempenho dos animais entre os tratamentos, entretanto, houve aumento linear no consumo diário de ração para a SGUS de baixo teor de tanino e redução linear para o custo da ração por quilograma de peso vivo ganho para a SGUS de alto teor de tanino.

Composição química e energia metabolizável de híbridos de milho para frangos de corte

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Net and metabolizable protein requirements for body weight gain in hair and wool lambs

Protein is one of the limiting factors in animal production, and the knowledge of protein requirements by livestock is crucial for the success of a commercial animal raising enterprise. Thirty-four castrated lambs, 17 of them F1 Ideal x lie de France wool lambs and the remaining ones were Santa Ines hair lambs, with homogeneous initial BW, were used in the experiment. Five animals from each genotype were slaughtered in the beginning of the experimental period and used as reference. Diets (D) were composed of concentrate mix (C) and Cynodon sp. c.v. Tifton 85 hay (R), combined in three different ratios: D1 =60CAOR; D2=40C:60R and D3=20C:80R. Animals of each group of three lambs, that showed simultaneously an initial BW of 20 +/- 0.14 kg at the beginning of the dietary regimen, were slaughtered when one of them reached 35 kg, what always happened to be the one fed with D1. Net requirements for BW gain in wool lamb, fleece-free, ranged from 101 to 110 g of protein/kg BW, and for hair lamb ranged from 1 10 to 118 g of protein/kg BW. Net protein requirements for wool production ranged from 634 to 642 g/kg of produced wool. Hair lambs presented a 7.8-9.5% higher estimated net protein requirements than wool lambs, according to BW and daily weight gain (DG). Total net protein requirements for Santa Ines and wool lambs, with 30 kg of initial B W and an approximate 200 g mean DG, were 48.5 and 45.4 g/day, respectively. Metabolizable protein requirements for Santa Ines and wool lambs, with 20 kg of initial BW and an approximate 200 g mean DG were 59.4 g and 76.5 -/day, respectively. Net protein requirements for wool production was 64g/100g of produced wool. Thus, under the conditions of this experiment, it is concluded that hair lambs showed a higher concentration of protein in the body, more efficient use of the ingested protein and a consequent additional BW gain when fed isoproteic diets as compared to F1 Ideal x Ile de France wool lambs. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

Net requirements of protein and energy for maintenance of wool and hair lambs in a tropical region

The objective of this work was to evaluate the total endogenous N losses, and protein and energy net requirements for maintenance in growing lambs. Thirty-four castrated lambs, 17 F1 Ideal X Ile de France wool and 17 Santa Inas hair lambs, averaging 20 +/- 0.14 kg BW, were used in the experiment. Five animals from each genotype were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment and taken as controls. Diets (D) were composed of concentrate mix (C) and Cynodon sp. c.v. Tifton 85 hay (R), combined in three different ratios: D1 = 60C:40R; D2 = 40C:60R and D3 = 20C:80R. Animals of each group of three lambs, that showed BW of 20 kg at the beginning of the dietary regimen, were slaughtered when one of them reached 35 kg, what always happened to be the one fed with D1. Total endogenous N losses estimated for wool lambs were 250 mg N/kg BW0.75. For hair lambs, total endogenous N losses reached 324 mg N/kg BW0.75 . Hair lambs showed higher (P < 0.01) (29.9%) net requirements of protein for maintenance than wool lambs. In contrast, net energy (NE) requirement for maintenance was similar (P > 0.05) for both genotypes (74.27 kcal/kg BW0.75 per day), the average of the antilog of the two intercept values obtained from the estimated regression equations of heat production for zero metabolizable energy (ME) consumption. Further studies should be done to check if this trend is also true for metabolizable energy and protein in animals exhibiting BW gains in tropical region. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Composição bromatológica das dejeções de galinhas poedeiras sem e com bagaço de cana-de-açúcar hidrolisado, armazenado sobre o piso abaixo das gaiolas

The present work was developed in order to obtain data on bromatologic composition of caged hen manure (CHM) without and with hydrolised sugarcane bagasse (HSB) stocked during 10, 20 and 30 days on the ground under the cage. CHM as well as HSB remained under the cage for 10, 20 and 30 days. CHM Stocking for 30 days on the ground under the cage resulted in lower values of nutrients. The presence of HSB avoided loss of nutrients during the stocking period of CHM and preserved CHM accumulated under the cage.

Longitudinal study of the spectral composition of behavioral rhythms in the rat

Four. male Wistar rats were housed in pairs of siblings, on LD 12:12h and 22 degrees C + 2 degrees C. Food and water were provided ad libitum. Behavior was videotaped from the 1st to the 3rd month of life. In each age-bracket the spectral composition of rhythmic expressions of the following behavioral categories was analyzed: rest, eat, drink, cage exploration, self-grooming, and social interaction. Rats maintained a stable rank order of time engaged in different behaviors through development, despite modification of time spent in grooming, drinking and social interaction as they got older. Spectral composition of behaviors followed a general ontogenetic pattern: ultradian frequencies of 12-h and 8-h were the strongest in the 1st month and circadian periodicity was predominant in the 3rd month. The increase of circadian power compared with ultradian power components agrees with literature findings. To our knowledge, self-grooming and social interaction have not been investigated before in this context. The similarities between siblings suggest the mutual influence of partners and/ or the existence of genetic factors. Ongoing studies are examining the importance of the social surroundings in which animals develop to the acquisition of adult rhythmic pattern.

Net energy, protein and macrominerals requirements for 70 to 120 day old female rabbits

In order to determine the net energy, protein and macrominerals requirements of 70 to 120 day old, 52 female White New Zealand rabbits, weighing 1900g +/- 40g were used. At the beginning of the experimental period, 14 of the 52 young does were slaughtered and the 38 remaining animals were kept under two dietary management: ad libitum and restricted feeding. Slaughters were performed to determine each nutrient body content. The weight gain nutrient requirements depicted by the quantities of each nutrient stored into the body were obtained by applying the regression equation, which estimate the empty body nutrient content logarithm as a function of the empty body weight logarithm, as described by ARC (1980). By determining the heat production logarithm at the zero level of metabolizable energy intake, the maintenance net energy requirement was estimated to be 45.31 Kcal/day/Kg(0.75) the mean net energy. protein, calcium, phosphorous, sodium, magnesium and potassium requirements for each gram of weight gain per day were estimated to be, 2.51 Kcal, 0.21g, 0.02g, 0.005g, 0.001g, 0.0004g and 0.002g, respectively.

Increased corticosterone levels in mice subjected to the rat exposure test

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

CDKN2A promoter methylation is related to the tumor location and histological subtype and associated with Helicobacter pylori flaA(+) strains in gastric adenocarcinomas

Promoter hypermethylation of CDKN2A (p16INK4A protein) is the main mechanism of gene inactivation. However, its association with Helicobacter pylori infection is a controversial issue. Therefore, we examined a series of gastric adenocarcinomas to assess the association between p16INK4A inactivation and H. pylori genotype (vacA, cagA, cagE, virB11 and flaA) according to the location and histological subtype of the tumors. p16INK4A expression and CDKN2A promoter methylation were found in 77 gastric adenocarcinoma samples by immunohistochemistry and methylation-specific PCR, respectively. Helicobacter pylori infection and genotype were determined by PCR. A strong negative correlation between immunostaining and CDKN2A promoter region methylation was found. In diffuse subtype tumors, the inactivation of p16INK4A by promoter methylation was unique in noncardia tumors (p = 0.022). In addition, H. pylori-bearing flaA was associated with non-methylation tumors (p = 0.008) and H. pylori strain bearing cagA or vacAs1m1 genes but without flaA was associated with methylated tumors (p = 0.022 and 0.003, respectively). Inactivation of p16INK4A in intestinal and diffuse subtypes showed distinct carcinogenic pathways, depending on the tumor location. Moreover, the process of methylation of the CDKN2A promoter seems to depend on the H. pylori genotype. The present data suggest that there is a differential influence and relevance of H. pylori genotype in gastric cancer development.

Analytical method for the design of a machine with aligned and skewed permanent magnets

This work aims to present the design and the evaluation of a standard multi-pole machine with permanent magnets inserted in the rotor by two different geometrical forms: aligned and skewed magnets. The design (new analytical method) was based on a standard 250 W three phase 12-pole induction motor (squirrel cage rotor type), beginning with the original stator constructive data to calculate the magnetic flux density to determine the permanent magnets. In the development of the work, a simple and modular rotor was built reusing the original 12-pole stator (concentrated windings). The machine was evaluated in a laboratory for the purpose of checking the quantity and quality of energy produced with the machine operating as a generator and its start, torque, and performance working as a motor. In conclusion, the modular skewed magnet is an option for electrical machines, for the generation of a reasonable quality, in the context of decentralized generation and a motor with high torque and low energetic consumption.