‘Designer Vaginas': The Representation of Female Genitals on Canadian Cosmetic Surgeons' Websites

This thesis critically examines the online marketing tactics of 10 (English language) Canadian cosmetic surgery clinics’ websites that offer Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery (FGCS), specifically, labiaplasty (labial reduction) and vaginoplasty (vaginal tightening). Drawing on a qualitative Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA) and a feminist-informed social constructionist framework (Lazar, 2007), I examine how FGCS discourses reiterate and reinforce heteronormative sexual scripts for women, and impose restrictive models of femininity through the pathologization of genital diversity and the appropriation of postfeminist and neoliberal discourses of individual choice and empowerment. I explore feminist analyses of the links between FGCS and contemporary Western women’s postfeminist subjectivity, and the reconfiguration of women’s sexual agency, to better understand what these contemporary shifts may mean for women’s sexual anxiety and expression. My analysis highlights several discourses that organize the online marketing material of Canadian FGCS websites, including: the pathologization of genital diversity; restrictive models of femininity; heteronormative sexual scripts; neoliberal and post-feminist rhetorics of individual choice and empowerment; and psychological and sexual transformation. Overall, these discourses undermine acceptance of women’s genital diversity, legitimize the FGCS industry and frame FGCS as the only viable solution to alleviate women’s genital and sexual distress despite the lack of evidence regarding the long-term benefits and risks of these procedures, and the recommendations against FGCS by professional medical organizations.

Working Together: Librarian and Student Collaboration Through Active Learning in a Library Eclassroom

Active learning strategies based on several learning theories were incorporated during instruction sessions for second year Biological Sciences students. The instructional strategies described in this paper are based primarily on sociocultural and collaborative learning theory, with the goal being to expand the relatively small body of literature currently available that discusses the application of these learning theories to library instruction. The learning strategies employed successfully involved students in the learning process ensuring that the experiences were appropriate and effective. The researchers found that, as a result of these strategies (e.g. teaching moments based on the emerging needs of students) students’ interest in learning information literacy was increased and students interacted with information given to them as well as with their peers. Collaboration between the Librarians, Co-op Student and Senior Lab Instructor helped to enhance the learning experience for students and also revealed new aspects of the active learning experiences. The primary learning objective, which was to increase the students’ information skills in the Biological Sciences, was realized. The advantages of active learning were realized by both instructors and students. Advantages for students attained during these sessions include having their diverse learning styles addressed; increased interaction with and retention of information; increased responsibility for their own learning; the opportunity to value not only the instructors, but also themselves and their peers as sources of authority and knowledge; improved problem solving abilities; increased interest and opportunities for critical thinking, as a result of the actively exchanging information in a group. The primary advantage enjoyed by the instructors was the opportunity to collaborate with colleagues to reduce the preparation required to create effective library instruction sessions. Opportunities for further research were also discovered, including the degree to which “social loafing” plays a role in collaborative, active learning.

Evolution of Various Library Instruction Strategies: Using Student Feedback to Create and Enhance Online Active Learning Assignments

This case study traces the evolution of library assignments for biological science students from paper-based workbooks in a blended (hands-on) workshop to blended learning workshops using online assignments to online active learning modules which are stand-alone without any face-to-face instruction. As the assignments evolved to adapt to online learning supporting materials in the form of PDFs (portable document format), screen captures and screencasting were embedded into the questions as teaching moments to replace face-to-face instruction. Many aspects of the evolution of the assignment were based on student feedback from evaluations, input from senior lab demonstrators and teaching assistants, and statistical analysis of the students’ performance on the assignment. Advantages and disadvantages of paper-based and online assignments are discussed. An important factor for successful online learning may be the ability to get assistance.

New York and it's institutions, 1609-1871, a library of information, pertaining to the great Metropolis..

UANL

Standards for the academic veterinary medical library

The Standards Committee of the Veterinary Medical Libraries Section was appointed in May 2000 and charged to create standards for the ideal academic veterinary medical library, written from the perspective of veterinary medical librarians. The resulting Standards for the Academic Veterinary Medical Library were approved by members of the Veterinary Medical Libraries Section during MLA ’03 in San Diego, California. The standards were approved by Section Council in April 2005 and received final approval from the Board of Directors of the Medical Library Association during MLA ’04 in Washington, DC.

A portal for the Canadian Virtual Health Library / Bibliothèque virtuelle canadienne de la santé (CVHL/BVCS): Accomplishments and possibilities, scope and structure - a review of best practices

Introduction: Coordination through CVHL/BVCS gives Canadian health libraries access to information technology they could not offer individually, thereby enhancing the library services offered to Canadian health professionals. An example is the portal being developed. Portal best practices are of increasing interest (usability.gov; Wikipedia portals; JISC subject portal project; Stanford clinical portals) but conclusive research is not yet available. This paper will identify best practices for a portal bringing together knowledge for Canadian health professionals supported through a network of libraries. Description: The portal for Canadian health professionals will include capabilities such as: • Authentication • Question referral • Specialist “branch libraries” • Integration of commercial resources, web resources and health systems data • Cross-resource search engine • Infrastructure to enable links from EHR and decision support systems • Knowledge translation tools, such as highlighting of best evidence Best practices will be determined by studying the capabilities of existing portals, including consortia/networks and individual institutions, and through a literature review. Outcomes: Best practices in portals will be reviewed. The collaboratively developed Virtual Library, currently the heart of cvhl.ca, is a unique database collecting high quality, free web documents and sites relevant to Canadian health care. The evident strengths of the Virtual Library will be discussed in light of best practices. Discussion: Identification of best practices will support cost-benefit analysis of options and provide direction for CVHL/BVCS. Open discussion with stakeholders (libraries and professionals) informed by this review will lead to adoption of the best technical solutions supporting Canadian health libraries and their users.

Using Google Analytics to evaluate an email information literacy program for medical and dental students

Objectives: An email information literacy program has been effective for over a decade at Université de Montréal’s Health Library. Students periodically receive messages highlighting the content of guides on the library’s website. We wish to evaluate, using Google Analytics, the effects of the program on specific webpage statistics. Using the data collected, we may pinpoint popular guides as well as others that need improvement. Methods: In the program, first and second-year medical (MD) or dental (DMD) students receive eight bi-monthly email messages. The DMD mailing list also includes graduate students and professors. Enrollment to the program is optional for MDs, but mandatory for DMDs. Google Analytics (GA) profiles have been configured for the libraries websites to collect visitor statistics since June 2009. The GA Links Builder was used to design unique links specifically associated with the originating emails. This approach allowed us to gather information on guide usage, such as the visitor’s program of study, duration of page viewing, number of pages viewed per visit, as well as browsing data. We also followed the evolution of clicks on GA unique links over time, as we believed that users may keep the library's emails and refer to them to access specific information. Results: The proportion of students who actually clicked the email links was, on average, less than 5%. MD and DMD students behaved differently regarding guide views, number of pages visited and length of time on the site. The CINAHL guide was the most visited for DMD students whereas MD students consulted the Pharmaceutical information guide most often. We noted that some students visited referred guides several weeks after receiving messages, thus keeping them for future reference; browsing to additional pages on the library website was also frequent. Conclusion: The mitigated success of the program prompted us to directly survey students on the format, frequency and usefulness of messages. The information gathered from GA links as well as from the survey will allow us to redesign our web content and modify our email information literacy program so that messages are more attractive, timely and useful for students.

Graphic medicine from library to classroom

Introduction. Graphic medicine is defined as the use of comics in health sciences education and patient care. Graphic stories about personal experiences of illness from patients and their families can be used to illustrate distress, empathy and collaboration between family members and health professionals and thus give students a broader experience of disease. We present a collection of graphic novels and outline collaboration with professors from various faculties in order to use comics as teaching material in health sciences. Method. The university has health sciences faculties of Nursing, Medicine, Pharmacy, Dentistry, Veterinary Medicine and schools of Public Health, Optometry and Kinesiology. The Health Library is offering its patrons a collection of 40 comics mainly on the theme of patient and family illness experience. An ongoing survey gathers feedback from users; results will help us promote the collection. A librarian is working with professors from the facultiesof Nursing, Medicine and Pharmacy in order to integrate comics’ excerpts into e-learning modules for three health and social services interprofessional courses reaching more than 1000 students annually. Other courses teaching empathy and partnership with patients will be identified and professors will be approached to raise awareness of the collection’s potential as teaching material. Results. The collection has been available to patrons since October 2012. Survey responses collected so far are very positive and titles are regularly borrowed. The collection has been added as suggested reading in a physiotherapy course outline. Discussion. The comics’ collection is already widely used by our patrons. Steps are being taken to integrate the collection into more health sciences courses and thus define graphic medicine as teaching material in health sciences education at the university.

Évaluation des besoins d’informations des intervenants en protection de la jeunesse

Domaine en plein développement, le transfert des connaissances (TC) se définit, comme l’ensemble des activités, des mécanismes et des processus favorisant l’utilisation de connaissances pertinentes (tacites et empiriques) par un public cible tel que les intervenants psychosociaux. Cette recherche vise à améliorer l’efficacité des méthodes linéaires écrites de TC en identifiant mieux les besoins d’information des intervenants en protection de la jeunesse. Notons que les méthodes linéaires écrites de TC désignent des outils d’information écrits unidirectionnels tels que les revues, les publications, les sites Internet, etc. Le premier objectif est de déterminer les catégories de besoins exprimés par les intervenants, c’est-à-dire déterminer si les besoins rapportés par des intervenants se regroupent en types ou sortes de besoins. Le deuxième objectif est d’établir l’importance relative de chacune de ces catégories. Enfin, cette étude vise à déterminer si ces besoins diffèrent selon les caractéristiques des intervenants ou de l’environnement. Deux facteurs sont étudiés, l’expérience de l’intervenant et la direction pour laquelle celui-ci travaille (Direction des services milieu à l’enfance ou Direction des services milieu à l’adolescence et ressources). Un devis mixte séquentiel exploratoire a été développé. Lors de la première étape, une analyse thématique a été effectuée à partir des réponses à une question ouverte posée aux membres de trois équipes et à partir d’un document résumant les requêtes effectuées auprès de l’équipe de la bibliothèque du Centre jeunesse de Montréal. Les résultats permettent de répondre au premier objectif de ce mémoire. En effet, les analyses ont permis de créer un arbre thématique comprenant 42 éléments classés hiérarchiquement. Les besoins se regroupent en deux thèmes généraux, soit les besoins qui concernent les « opérations » (c’est-à-dire l’action de l’intervenant) et les besoins concernant les « systèmes » (c’est-à-dire les éléments sur lesquels peuvent porter l’intervention). Cette dernière catégorie se subdivise entre l’usager, ses environnements et le contexte culturel et sociétal. Lors de la deuxième étape, une analyse de la variance (ANOVA) et une analyse de variance multivariée (MANOVA) ont été effectuées à partir des réponses de 82 intervenants à un questionnaire en ligne structuré selon les catégories de besoins d’informations déterminées à l’étape qualitative précédente. Les résultats permettent de répondre au deuxième objectif de ce mémoire et de mesurer le degré de force ou d’importance de chacune des catégories de besoins, identifiées lors de la première étape, selon les intervenants eux-mêmes. Les besoins ont ainsi pu être classés par ordre décroissant d’importance. Il a été possible de définir un groupe de neuf besoins prioritaires (portant sur l’animation, les caractéristiques personnelles des usagers, les caractéristiques des parents et leurs relations avec l’enfant, ainsi que l’intervention interculturelle et les problématiques sociales) et un autre groupe de sept besoins moins élevés (portant sur les autres « opérations » et les services professionnels dont a bénéficié l’usager). L’interprétation de ces résultats indique que les besoins en TC des intervenants se limitent aux informations qui concernent directement leur mandat, leur pratique ou les problématiques rencontrées. Les résultats de cette étape ont également permis de répondre au troisième objectif de ce mémoire. En effet, les résultats indiquent que l’importance ressentie des besoins (sur une échelle de 1 à 7) ne diffère pas significativement selon la direction pour laquelle travaille l’intervenant, mais elle diffère significativement selon l’expérience de ce dernier (moins de 10 ans ou plus de 10 ans). Cette différence est discutée et plusieurs hypothèses explicatives sont envisagées telles que l’accumulation de connaissances liée à l’expérience ou les changements cognitifs liés à l’expertise. Enfin, dans la discussion, les résultats sont mis en contexte parmi les autres types de besoins existants et les autres caractéristiques des connaissances qui doivent être prises en considération. Cela permet de formuler des recommandations pour améliorer la production de documents écrits ainsi que pour poursuivre la recherche dans le domaine de l’évaluation des besoins de TC. Bien que présentant certaines limites méthodologiques, cette recherche ouvre la voie au développement de meilleurs outils d’évaluation des besoins et à l’amélioration des techniques de transfert linéaires écrites.

Le rôle de l’Oxygénation Extracorporelle par Membrane (ECMO) dans la réanimation cardio-pulmonaire

Rapport de stage présenté à la Faculté de médecine en vue de l'obtention du grade de Maître ès sciences appliquées (M.Sc.A.) en génie biomédical, option génie clinique.

Impact of Information Communication Technology (ICT) on Professional Development and Educational Needs of Library Professionals in the Universities of Kerala

The shift from print to digital information has a high impact on all components of the academic library system in India especially the users, services and the staff. Though information is considered as an important resource, the use of ICT tools to collect and disseminate information has been in a slow pace in majority of the University libraries This may be due to various factors like insufficient funds, inadequate staff trained in handling computers and software packages, administrative concerns etc. In Kerala, automation has been initiated in almost all University libraries using library automation software and is under different stages of completion. There are not much studies conducted about the effects of information communication technologies on the professional activities of library professionals in the universities in Kerala. It is important to evaluate whether progress in ICT has had any impact on the library profession in these highest educational institutions. The aim of the study is to assess whether the developments in information communication technologies have any influence on the library professionals’ professional development, and the need for further education and training in the profession and evaluate their skills in handling developments in ICT. The total population of the study is 252 including the permanently employed professional library staff in central libraries and departmental libraries in the main campuses of the universities under study. This is almost a census study of the defined population of users. The questionnaire method was adopted for collection of data for this study, supplemented by interviews of Librarians to gather additional information. Library Professionals have a positive approach towards ICT applications and services in Libraries, but majority do not have the opportunities to develop their skills and competencies in their work environment. To develop competitive personnel in a technologically advanced world, high priority must be given to develop competence in ICT applications, library management and soft skills in library professionals, by the University administrators and Library associations. Library science schools and teaching departments across the country have to take significant steps to revise library science curriculum, and incorporate significant changes to achieve the demands and challenges of library science profession.