Characterization and catalytic performance of potassium loaded on rice husk silica and zeolite nay for transesterification of jatropha seed oil

Rice husk silica (RHS) and NaY were used as supports for potassium (K) prepared from acetate buffer (B) and acetate (A) solutions. K loading did not destroy the NaY structure, but it caused a decrease in the surface area; the K species resided in micropores and on the external surface. In contrast, K loading resulted in the collapse and a decrease in the surface area of RHS. It was found that 12K/NaY-B was the most active catalyst for the transesterification of Jatropha seed oil. The minimum K content in K/NaY-B that provided complete conversion of the Jatropha seed oil was 11 wt%, and the biodiesel yield was 77.9%.

Analysis of the structure and vibrational spectra of glucose and fructose

Molecular modelling using semiempirical methods AM1, PM3, PM5 and, MINDO as well as the Density Functional Theory method BLYP/DZVP respectively were used to calculate the structure and vibrational spectra of d-glucose and d-fructose in their open chain, alpha-anomer and beta-anomer monohydrate forms. The calculated data show that both molecules are not linear; ground state and the number for the point-group C is equal to 1. Generally, the results indicate that there are similarities in bond lengths and vibrational modes of both molecules. It is concluded that DFT could be used to study both the structural and vibrational spectra of glucose and fructose.

Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas na Graduação Médica – Uma Revisão da Literatura Atual

RESUMO A aprendizagem baseada em problemas (ABP) é uma técnica em que a transmissão do conhecimento se dá a partir de casos elaborados com base em casos reais, tendo como principal objetivo a busca da aprendizagem pelo próprio estudante. Este trabalho tem por finalidade revisar os artigos originais publicados nos últimos dois anos sobre o tema, na graduação médica. A maioria dos trabalhos revisados demonstrou bons resultados quando utilizada a ABP, principalmente no que diz respeito a pensamento crítico e habilidades técnicas. O uso concomitante de mais de uma técnica, porém, traz maiores benefícios na formação médica.

Lea. Näytelmä yhdessä näytöksessä

Kevättalvella 1869 kokoontui Kaarlo Bergbomin kotiin Helsingin Unioninkadulle joukko ystäviä ja teatterinharrastajia. Näiden joukossa oli Ruotsalaisessa teatterissa mainetta saanut Hedvig Charlotte Raa. Bergbom oli vuodenvaihteessa saanut Viipurin suomalaiselta kirjallisuuden seuralta lainaksi Aleksis Kiven raamattuaiheisen "Lea"-näytelmän käsikirjoituksen ja näyttelijä Oskar Gröneqvist (Vilho) luki sen seurueelle kaikkien ihastukseksi. Kivi oli antanut luvan näytelmän esittämiseen ollen kirjeessään huolissaan siitä, ettei kukaan "tutenttipoika" (student) osaisi Lean kaltaista naisroolia esittää. Tuolloin oli vielä yleistä että miehet esittivät myös naisrooleja. Charlotte Raa saatiin kuitenkin suostuteltua esittämään Lean osa. Kun Raa ei osannut lainkaan suomea, näytelmä käännettiin hänelle ruotsiksi ja Raa opetteli kaiken ulkoa. Kuten tunnettua muodostui suomenkielinen "Lean" esitys näyttelijän hieman oudosta ääntämisestä huolimatta Ruotsalaisessa teatterissa (Nya teatern) 10. toukokuuta 1869 suureksi menestykseksi ja siitä katsotaan suomenkielisen ammattiteatterin saaneen alkunsa. Kivi lienee nähnyt "Lean" Arkadia-teatterissa 1.11.1870. Kivi oli saanut käsikirjoituksen Siuntion Fanjunkarsissa alkuvuodesta 1868 valmiiksi ja lähetti "Lean", "Sankarteoksen" ja "Leon ja Liinan" lehtori B. F. Godenhjelmille kielen korjausta varten ja että tämä toimittaisi näytelmät Viipurin suomalaiselle kirjallisuuden seuralle. Seura julkaisi näistä kolmesta käsikirjoituksesta "Lean" helmikuussa 1869 ja sen yhtenä puoltajana on varmasti ollut seuran jäsen, kirkkoherra Mortimer Forstén. Tämä oli tullut Kivelle tutuksi jo Nurmijärvellä pappina ollessaan. Myös Lean painos oli 500 kappaletta.

Biologit ihmisestä : tiedettä, ideologiaa vai politiikkaa?

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Memristive Computing

Memristive computing refers to the utilization of the memristor, the fourth fundamental passive circuit element, in computational tasks. The existence of the memristor was theoretically predicted in 1971 by Leon O. Chua, but experimentally validated only in 2008 by HP Labs. A memristor is essentially a nonvolatile nanoscale programmable resistor — indeed, memory resistor — whose resistance, or memristance to be precise, is changed by applying a voltage across, or current through, the device. Memristive computing is a new area of research, and many of its fundamental questions still remain open. For example, it is yet unclear which applications would benefit the most from the inherent nonlinear dynamics of memristors. In any case, these dynamics should be exploited to allow memristors to perform computation in a natural way instead of attempting to emulate existing technologies such as CMOS logic. Examples of such methods of computation presented in this thesis are memristive stateful logic operations, memristive multiplication based on the translinear principle, and the exploitation of nonlinear dynamics to construct chaotic memristive circuits. This thesis considers memristive computing at various levels of abstraction. The first part of the thesis analyses the physical properties and the current-voltage behaviour of a single device. The middle part presents memristor programming methods, and describes microcircuits for logic and analog operations. The final chapters discuss memristive computing in largescale applications. In particular, cellular neural networks, and associative memory architectures are proposed as applications that significantly benefit from memristive implementation. The work presents several new results on memristor modeling and programming, memristive logic, analog arithmetic operations on memristors, and applications of memristors. The main conclusion of this thesis is that memristive computing will be advantageous in large-scale, highly parallel mixed-mode processing architectures. This can be justified by the following two arguments. First, since processing can be performed directly within memristive memory architectures, the required circuitry, processing time, and possibly also power consumption can be reduced compared to a conventional CMOS implementation. Second, intrachip communication can be naturally implemented by a memristive crossbar structure.

Parâmetros reprodutivos e produtivos em vacas leiteiras de manejo free stall

Resumo Avaliou-se parâmetros reprodutivos e produtivos em vacas da raça Holandês-PB no pós-parto imediato, manejadas em free stall . Utilizou-se 51 vacas entre primíparas e pluríparas. Os valores obtidos foram: escore de condição corporal ao parto 3,47±0,4; intervalos do parto à primeira ovulação 5,89±3,4 semanas; ao primeiro serviço 112,5±57,0 dias; a taxa de gestação ao primeiro serviço foi 43,6% e no período experimental 76,4%, não sendo observada diferença para ordens de parto (P>0,05). A produção de leite acumulada à concepção, produção diária leite até a concepção e produção de leite ajustado para 305 foi respectivamente, 3.335,6±1.488,4; 25,8±5,4 e 7.424,0±1.877,8 litros. Conclui-se que no manejo de Free stall , a detecção de estro, foi o principal fator limitante para alcançar melhor eficiência reprodutiva.

Survival analysis of female dogs with mammary tumors after mastectomy: epidemiological, clinical and morphological aspects

Abstract: Mammary gland tumors are the most common type of tumors in bitches but research on survival time after diagnosis is scarce. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between survival time after mastectomy and a number of clinical and morphological variables. Data was collected retrospectively on bitches with mammary tumors seen at the Small Animal Surgery Clinic Service at the University of Brasília. All subjects had undergone mastectomy. Survival analysis was conducted using Cox's proportional hazard method. Of the 139 subjects analyzed, 68 died and 71 survived until the end of the study (64 months). Mean age was 11.76 years (SD=2.71), 53.84% were small dogs. 76.92% of the tumors were malignant, and 65.73% had both thoracic and inguinal glands affected. Survival time in months was associated with age (hazard rate ratios [HRR] =1.23, p-value =1.4x10-4), animal size (HRR between giant and small animals =2.61, p-value =0.02), nodule size (HRR =1.09, p-value =0.03), histological type (HRR between solid carcinoma and carcinoma in a mixed tumor =2.40, p-value =0.02), time between diagnosis and surgery (TDS, with HRR =1.21, p-value =2.7x10-15), and the interaction TDS*follow-up time (HRR =0.98, p-value =1.6x10-11). The present study is one of the few on the subject matter. Several important covariates were evaluated and age, animal size, nodule size, histological type, TDS and TDS*follow up time were identified as significantly associated to survival time.

Cianobactérias marinhas bentônicas de ilhas costeiras do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

O grupo das cianobactérias marinhas bentônicas vem sendo freqüentemente excluído dos levantamentos taxonômicos da costa brasileira, com exceção de alguns trabalhos para o litoral paulista. Para o ambiente de ilhas, apenas é conhecido um trabalho para a Ilha do Cardoso. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo consiste em ampliar o conhecimento da riqueza das cianobactérias marinhas bentônicas de ilhas do litoral paulista. Os resultados obtidos mostram a ocorrência de 24 espécies de cianobactérias em ilhas do litoral paulista. A ordem Oscillatoriales foi representada por 12 espécies (50%), Nostocales por 6 espécies (25%) e Chrooccoccales por seis espécies (25%). Entre as espécies identificadas, quatro são novas ocorrências para o litoral Atlântico sul: Cyanodermatium gonzaliensis H. Leon-Tejera et al., Xenococcus pallidus (Hansg.) Komárek & Anagn., Microchaete aeruginea Batters and Hydrocoryne spongiosa Bornet & Flahault e uma nova referência para o litoral brasileiro: Rivularia atra Roth. Atualizações nomenclaturais foram adotadas de acordo com o sistema de classificação mais atual de Komarek & Agnostidis.

Susanna vaimon ja naisen kuvana 1500-luvun Venetsiassa - siveellisyyden ihanteita ja uhkia Tintoretton Susanna-maalauksissa

Tässä tutkielmassa selvitän Jacopo Tintoretton Susanna-aiheisten maalausten ilmentämää kuvaa naisesta ja vaimosta ja heihin liitettyjä siveellisyyden ihanteita ja uhkia venetsialaisessa 1500-luvun kontekstissa. Maalausten aihe liittyy Vanhan Testamentin apokryfikirjan kertomukseen kauniista ja siveellisestä Susannasta, joka joutui vanhojen miesten ahdistelemaksi miehensä puutarhassa. Aiheesta on tehty historian saatossa useiden eri tekijöiden toimesta monia maalauksia. Tarkasteluni kohteena on neljä maa-lausta, jotka Tintoretto on tehnyt 1550—1575 välisenä aikana. Apokryfikirjan kertomuksen lisäksi olen käyttänyt aikalaiskirjallisuutta, kuten Castiglionen Hovimies-teosta ja Leon Battista Albertin teosta Maalaustaiteesta. Näen maalaukset osana aikakauden visuaalista kulttuuria ja niiden avulla pyrittiin ilmentämään ja kertomaan katsojalle, lähinnä naiselle ja vaimolle, siveellisen ja hyveellisen elämän merkityksiä. Toisaalta teokset on nähtävä myös viihteellisenä ja osin eroottisina maalauksina. Osaltaan eroottisuuteen vaikuttaa teosten alastoman naisen kuvaus. Alastomuus on myös tulkittavissa ilmaukseksi puhtaasta synnittömästä hyveen kuvauksesta. Alastomuus on kuin sielu ja kristillinen usko, jotka ovat kaiken paljastavana ja puhtaina Jumalan edessä. Teosten tilaajat ja tilausten tarkoitus eivät ole tiedossa, joten tulkitsen niiden olleen myös osana avioliiton solmimista, avioliittoteoksina. Teoksissa esiintyy miehiä ja naisia, joten sukupuolella on merkityksensä maalausten sanomassa. Teokset olivat tulkintani mukaan tarkoitettu naisille esimerkiksi ja opastukseksi, joten ne ovat sukupuolittuneet aiheensa perusteella. Susanna yhdistyy myös Venetsian kaupunkivaltioon kuvaten sen sekä siveellistä että siveetöntä puolta. Teokset loivat ja muokkasivat osaltaan naisille, kuten myös miehille, tarkoitettuja käytösmalleja. Metodologisena lähtökohtana olen käyttänyt maalausten tulkitsemista suhteutettuna kertomuksessa ilmeneviin teemoihin. Kertomus on toiminut taustana maalausten tulkin-nalle. Taustalla on ollut myös aikalaiskirjallisuutta. Tutkimuksen kannalta on tärkeää kysyä, miten maalaukset ilmentävät vaimoon ja naiseen liitettyjä siveellisyyden ihanteita ja uhkia? Kysymyksiä tarkastellaan maalausten ja kertomuksen pohjalta jakaen ne maalauksen tarkoituksen ja käytön, avioliiton ja aviovaimon hyveen ja siveellisen nai-sen ihanteiden ja uhkien tarkasteluun. Tarkastelun tuloksena luodaan kulttuurihistoriallinen näkökulma venetsialaiseen 1500-luvun ylhäisönaisen elämään ja hänen siveellisyytensä määrittelyyn. Maalaukset kulttuurisina tuotteina mahdollistavat kulttuurihistoriallisen lähestymistavan. Tutkielmassa yhdistellään kulttuurihistoria, kuvantutkimusta, kerronnallisuudentutkimusta ja sukupuolentutkimusta siveellisyyden merkityksen selvittämiseksi 1500-luvun venetsialaisessa kulttuurissa.

Human papillomavirus infection and its association with cervical dysplasia in Ecuadorian women attending a private cancer screening clinic

Women living in Latin American countries bear a disproportionate burden of cervical cancer, a condition caused by infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). We performed a study in Santa Elena, Guayas (currently Santa Elena Province), Ecuador, to determine how often HPV could be detected in women attending a private cancer screening clinic. Participants underwent a Pap test, and vaginal and cervical swabs were performed for HPV testing by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Each participant completed a verbally administered survey. The mean age of 302 participants was 37.7 years (range 18 to 78 years). The majority of cervical and vaginal specimens contained sufficient DNA to perform PCR. Overall, 24.2% of the participants had either a cervical or vaginal swab that tested positive for HPV. In general, there was a good correlation between the HPV types detected in the cervical and vaginal swabs from the participants, but vaginal swabs were more likely to contain HPV DNA than were cervical swabs. The high-risk HPV types 16, 52, 58, and 59 and the low-risk HPV types 62, 71, 72, and 83 were the most frequently detected HPV types. The number of lifetime sexual partners was positively associated with detection of any HPV type, detection of oncogenic HPV, and abnormal Pap smears. Further studies are needed to determine if these results are representative of all Ecuadorian women and to determine if cervical cancers in Ecuadorian women are caused by the same HPV types found in the swab specimens obtained in this study.

Impacto da hepatite C na mortalidade de pacientes em hemodiálise

OBJETIVO: As causas mais importantes de mortalidade em pacientes com Doença Renal Crônica Terminal (DRCT) são as doenças cardiovasculares. No entanto, existem doenças infecciosas virais (hepatite B e C) que se tornaram uma questão de grande importância para pacientes em hemodiálise, pois afetam a sua sobrevida aumentando a morbidade e a mortalidade. Nosso objetivo foi estudar a influência da hepatite C na mortalidade em pacientes em hemodiálise. MÉTODOS: Realizamos um estudo de coorte não concorrente durante 10 anos. RESULTADOS: Foram estudados 74 pacientes em cada coorte. A hepatite C não aumentou o risco de morte nos pacientes e a sobrevida dos pacientes com essa infecção foi melhor do que no grupo sem hepatite C. A sobrevida em pacientes não infectados no primeiro e quinto anos foi de 93,9% e 52,3%; e para os não infectados foi de 95,5% e 73,1%, respectivamente (Log Rank Mantel Cox, p = 0,02). CONCLUSÃO: Não encontramos aumento no risco de mortalidade. A hepatite C não se correlaciona com aumento de mortalidade em pacientes com DRCT em programa de hemodiálise.

Building-up influence: post-war industrialization in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

This paper examines the post-War industrialization process in the Brazilian State of Minas Gerais, focusing on one of its desirable outcomes, namely the capacity to generate growth through the impact of strong input-output linkages. This process is placed into historical perspective considering the ideas that permeate the economic development debate throughout the period of analysis. Changes in the regional economic structure are assessed through the use of three input-output tables for the years of 1953, 1980 and 1995. By adopting the fields of influence methodology as the analytical core, it is shown that the efforts towards the creation of a more integrated regional economy have generated stronger influence of the targeted sectors (metal products, transportation equipment, chemical, and services). However, structural changes also contributed to strengthen leakage in the system originated in traditional economic activities.

Breviarium Sancti Martialis Lemovicensis.

F. 1 Temporal (incompl. du début ; commence à la 12e leçon de l'office de l'Ascension) : — Fête-Dieu (addit.) (9). F. 116-194v Sanctoral (incompl.) : s. Étienne (116) ; — s. Benoît (189). 12 leçons.

Lectionarium missae et officii ad usum monasterii Montis Majoris.

F. 6v-68 Lectionnaire de la messe : — Translat. de s. Benoît (53) ; — Sainte Trinité (65v) ; — Dédicace (66). F. 68-107v Homélies de quelques grandes fêtes, divisées en 12 leçons. Bulles de GREGOIRE V (avril 998) (1v), LEON VIII (déc. 963) (3) et GREGOIRE VII (31 mars 1079) (4v), en faveur de l'abbaye de Montmajour (la 3e incomplète de la fin). Cf. Jaffé-L., nos 3886, 3702, 5122.