Nitrifying microbial community analysis of nitrite accumulating biofilm reactor by fluorescence in situ hybridization

Biological nitrogen removal via nitrite pathway in wastewater treatment is very important especially in the cost of aeration and as an electron donor for denitrification. Wastewater nitrification and nitrite accumulations were carried out in a biofilm reactor. The biofilm reactor showed almost complete nitrification and most of the oxidized ammonium was present as nitrite at the ammonium load of 1.2 kg N/m3/d. Nitrite accumulation was achieved by the selective inhibition of nitrite oxidizers by free ammonia and oxygen limitation. Nitrite oxidation activity was recovered as soon as the inhibition factor was removed. Fluorescence in situ hybridization studies of the nitrite accumulating biofilm system have shown that genus Nitrosomonas which is specifically hybridized with probe NSM 156 was the dominant nitrifying bacteria while Nitrospira was less abundant than those of normal nitrification systems. Further FISH analysis showed that the combinations of Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira cells were identified as important populations of nitrifying bacteria in an autotrophic nitrifying biofilm system.

Nitrification of high strength ammonia wastewtaer treatment - process selection is the major factor.

Biological nitrogen removal via the nitrite pathway in wastewater treatment is very important in Saving the cost of aeration and as an electron donor for denitrification. Wastewater nitrification and nitrite accumulation were carried out in a biofilm airlift reactor with autotrophic nitrifying biofilm. The biofilm reactor showed almost complete nitrification and most of the oxidized ammonium was present as nitrite at the ammonium load of 1.5 to 3.5 kg N/m3.d. Nitrite accumulation was stably achieved by the selective inhibition of nitrite oxidizers with free ammonia and dissolved oxygen limitation. Stable 100% conversion to nitrite could also be achieved even under the absence of free ammonia inhibition on nitrite oxidizers. Batch ammonium oxidation and nitrite oxidation with nitrite accumulating nitrifying biofilm showed that nitrite Oxidation was completely inhibited when free ammonia is higher than 0.2 mg N/L. However, nitrite oxidation activity was recovered as soon as the free ammonia concentration was below the threshold level when dissolved oxygen concentration was not the limiting factor. Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of cryosectioned nitrite accumulating nitrifying biofilm showed that the β-subclass of Proteobacteria, where ammonia oxidizers belong, was distributed outside the biofilm whereas the α-subclass of Proteobacteria, where nitrite oxidizers belong, was found mainly in the inner part of the biofilm. It is likely that dissolved oxygen deficiency or limitation in the inner part of the nitrifying biofilm, where nitrite oxidizers exist, is responsible for the complete shut down of the nitrite oxidizers activity under the absence of free ammonia inhibition.

A Interpretação In Situ e a Interpretação Remota Realização e Análise Científica de um Conjunto de Estudos Experimentais

Tese de Douturamento

Fate of nitrogen in bioreactor landfills: lab-scale in situ aeration in well decomposed MSW

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia do ambiente, perfil de engenharia sanitária

Methods for the ex vivo characterization of human CD8+ T subsets based on gene expression and replicative history analysis.

The generation of an antigen-specific T-lymphocyte response is a complex multi-step process. Upon T-cell receptor-mediated recognition of antigen presented by activated dendritic cells, naive T-lymphocytes enter a program of proliferation and differentiation, during the course of which they acquire effector functions and may ultimately become memory T-cells. A major goal of modern immunology is to precisely identify and characterize effector and memory T-cell subpopulations that may be most efficient in disease protection. Sensitive methods are required to address these questions in exceedingly low numbers of antigen-specific lymphocytes recovered from clinical samples, and not manipulated in vitro. We have developed new techniques to dissect immune responses against viral or tumor antigens. These allow the isolation of various subsets of antigen-specific T-cells (with major histocompatibility complex [MHC]-peptide multimers and five-color FACS sorting) and the monitoring of gene expression in individual cells (by five-cell reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]). We can also follow their proliferative life history by flow-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of average telomere length. Recently, using these tools, we have identified subpopulations of CD8+ T-lymphocytes with distinct proliferative history and partial effector-like properties. Our data suggest that these subsets descend from recently activated T-cells and are committed to become differentiated effector T-lymphocytes.

Llibri duo, quorum prior orientalis, sive hierosolymitanae, alter occidentalis historiae nomine inscribitur ([Reprod.]) / omnia nunc primum studio & opera D. Francisci Moschi,... e tenebris & situ in lucem edita

[Historia Hierosolymitana abbreviata (latin). 1597]

Activated packed bed bioreactor for rapid nitrification in brackish water hatchery systems

A packed bed bioreactor (PBBR) was developed for rapid establishment of nitrification in brackish water hatchery systems in the tropics. The reactors were activated by immobilizing ammonia-oxidizing (AMONPCU- 1) and nitrite-oxidizing (NIONPCU-1) bacterial consortia on polystyrene and low-density polyethylene beads, respectively. Fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated the presence of autotrophic nitrifiers belong to Nitrosococcus mobilis, lineage of b ammonia oxidizers and nitrite oxidizer Nitrobacter sp. in the consortia. The activated reactors upon integration to the hatchery system resulted in significant ammonia removal (P\0.01) culminating to its undetectable levels. Consequently, a significantly higher percent survival of larvae was observed in the larval production systems. With spent water the reactors could establish nitrification with high percentage removal of ammonia (78%), nitrite (79%) and BOD (56%) within 7 days of initiation of the process. PBBR is configured in such a way to minimize the energy requirements for continuous operation by limiting the energy inputs to a single stage pumping of water and aeration to the aeration cells. The PBBR shall enable hatchery systems to operate under closed recirculating mode and pave the way for better water management in the aquaculture industry.

Effect of Calcium Pre-rinse and Fluoride Dentifrice on Enamel and on Dental Plaque Formed In Situ

Purpose: The aim of this in situ double-blind randomised crossover study was to investigate the effect of calcium (Ca) pre-rinse on the composition of plaque and on enamel prior to the use of fluoride (F) dentifrice. Materials and Methods: During four phases (14 days each) of this study, 10 volunteers had agreed to wear dental appliances containing two healthy bovine enamel blocks. A fresh solution containing 20% weight/volume (w/v) sucrose was dripped on the enamel blocks ex vivo for 5 min three times a day. Subsequently, the appliances were replaced in the mouth, and the volunteers rinsed their mouth with 10 mL of a Ca (150 mmol/L) or a placebo rinse (1 min). In sequence, a slurry (1:3 w/v) of F (1030 ppm) or placebo dentifrice was dripped onto the blocks ex vivo for 1 min. During this time, the volunteers brushed their teeth with the respective dentifrice. The appliances were replaced in the mouth, and the volunteers rinsed their mouth with water. The plaque formed on the blocks was analysed for F and Ca. The enamel demineralisation as well as the incorporation of F on enamel was evaluated by cross-sectional microhardness and alkali-soluble F analysis, respectively. Data were tested using analysis of variance (P < 0.05). Results: The Ca pre-rinse prior to the use of the F dentifrice led to a three- and sixfold increase in the plaque F and Ca concentrations, respectively. It also did not have any additive effect on the F content on the enamel and the demineralisation of the enamel, in comparison with the use of F dentifrice alone. Conclusions: A Ca lactate rinse used prior to the F dentifrice was able to change the mineral content in the plaque, but it was unable to prevent enamel demineralisation.

Degradação in situ da matéria seca e da fração fibrosa do capim marandu obtido por diferentes métodos de amostragem, no período seco do ano

Este trabalho foi realizado na Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias Veterinárias - Unesp - Jaboticabal e foi conduzido, com o objetivo de avaliar a influência do método de amostragem do pasto sobre a degradabilidade in situ da matéria seca e da fração fibrosa de capim Marandu, colhido no período seco dos anos de 2003 e 2005. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento de blocos casualizados com parcela subdividida, com três repetições, representadas pelos piquetes amostrados. Nas parcelas, foram avaliados cinco métodos de amostragens de forragem (método do quadrado metálico; método de avaliação através de extrusa de bovino da raça Nelore; método de avaliação por meio de extrusa de bovino Cruzado (Red Angus x Nelore); método de avaliação por meio do pastejo, simulando bovino da raça Nelore; método de avaliação por meio do pastejo, simulando bovino Cruzado (Red Angus x Nelore) e as subparcelas foram constituídas pelos anos de amostragem, 2003 e 2005. Foram determinadas as frações da cinética ruminal: solúvel A; insolúvel potencialmente degradável B; taxa de degradação Kd; degradação potencial (DP) e fração não degradável C da MS e degradação potencial (DP), fração não degradável C e taxa de degradação Kd da FDN e da FDA. de acordo com os resultados obtidos, observou-se que o método do quadrado metálico subestimou as características da degradação do capim. Os métodos do pastejo simulado se assemelharam muito ao das extrusas, no entanto, a prática do simulador é que assegurou a amostragem eficiente, conforme foi constatado pelos dados obtidos no ano de 2003 e 2005.

Effect of Calcium Pre-rinse and Fluoride Dentifrice on Enamel and on Dental Plaque Formed In Situ

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of low-fluoride dentifrices supplemented with calcium glycerophosphate on enamel demineralization in situ

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Ação de géis fluoretados, suplementados ou não com hexametafosfato de sódio, no processo de erosão do esmalte dentário: estudo in situ

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Cultivo ecosostenible de Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex P. C. Silva en Panama

[ES] Kappaphycus alvarezii (Doty) Doty ex Silva ha sido cultivada en Cativá, localizado en la zona costera del caribe panameño, al noreste del Canal de Panamá, desde el 2004 con intereses comerciales. El cultivo fue desarrollado en dos partes: el cultivo in situ (en el mar y en tanques) y el cultivo in vitro (en el laboratorio y en aclimatación en tanques y acuarios). Ambas cultivos tienen como objetivo obtener un desarrollo sostenible en la zona costera y un producto atractivo para la industria que dé oportunidades económicas a los cultivadores. Los resultados muestran que la tasa de crecimiento observada (4.0 a 5.0 %) permanece constante durante todo el año y es independiente de los sitios seleccionados, de las temporadas: lluviosa y seca, y de los parámetros ambientales. Ya que menos de una hectárea ha sido cultivada y existen 40 disponibles, esto multiplica grandemente la posibilidad de explotación. En cuanto a los sistemas de plantación, las estructuras fijas causan menos impacto, son menos costosas y son beneficiosas para el crecimiento. Además, Kappaphycus alvarezii puede ser mantenida en tanques con tasas de crecimiento similares a las naturales, por lo tanto puede ser usada como biomasa para semillas. El secador usado, dio un cantidad estimada de 36 sacos de 11 Kg. de biomasa seca cada uno, materia prima por polígono (300 m2) año-1. La producción de carragena mantiene un patrón constante (ca. 35%) en relación a la producción y al peso molecular aceptado por la industria (1.6 105 Da). La producción de diferentes fracciones, iota y kappa, varía con el tiempo de cultivo, siendo mayor en talos jóvenes para la primera y menor para en los más viejos para la segunda. Las técnicas de los cultivos in vitro permiten el mantenimiento y propagación de stocks de fragmentos de explantos en el laboratorio y aclimatados en tanques y acuarios. La aclimatación ex vitro ha demostrado ser factible para la recuperación y futura propagación de los explantos mantenidos en el laboratorio a sitios en el mar.

Studio delle criticità e della messa in sicurezza di un ex sito di cava ripristinato con fanghi di cartiera

Questo elaborato ha come obiettivo quello di analizzare, inquadrandolo anche da un punto di vista tecnologico, un trattamento innovativo di bioremediation in situ realizzato in una ex-area di cava, nella quale, in seguito al ripristino ambientale mediante fanghi di cartiera, si è verificato un fenomeno di degradazione anaerobica del materiale tombato che ha portato alla produzione di una ingente quantità di biogas e alla sua successiva migrazione verso abitazioni limitrofe.

Repetitio rubricae et cap per vestras, de donationib. inter virum et vxorem... / eiusdem Recollectae super Legibus de Tauro.... itemque De obtentionis, retentionisque Regni Navarrae iustitia Tractatus, nec non de ipsius terrae situ & antiquitate...

Marca tipográfica en la portada.