Avaliação de nitrato em uma área de recarga do Aqüifero Guarani.

2008

Acúmulo de cobre e zinco em solos cultivados com videira no meio Oeste de Santa Catarina.

As aplicações sucessivas de fungicidas e caldas via foliar em videiras para o controle preventivo de doenças fúngicas, aumenta o teor de cobre (Cu) e zinco (Zn) nas camadas mais superficiais do solo. O trabalho objetivou avaliar os teores de Cu e Zn no perfil de solos com textura argilosa e com histórico de aplicação de fungicidas cúpricos na região Meio Oeste de SC. Em outubro de 2010, foram selecionados três vinhedos com idades de 4, 6 e 10 anos de idade, no município de Água Doce (SC). Em novembro de 2010 foram coletadas amostras de solo nas camadas de 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20 e 20-40 cm. Também foi coletado solo em uma área de mata nativa, adjacente aos vinhedos. Os solos foram secos, moídos, passados em peneira e submetidos as análises de Cu e Zn extraídos pelos métodos de EDTA (Na2-EDTA 0,01 mol L-1+acetato de amônio 1,0 mol L-1) com pH ajustado para 7,0. Os teores de Cu e Zn extraídos por HCl 0,1 mol L-1 e EDTA foram maiores nas camadas superficiais do solo, especialmente, no vinhedo mais antigo, onde o Cu migrou até 20 cm e o Zn até 15 cm.

Influência de ciclos de coleta ao longo do ano e do uso de irrigação na taxa de acúmulo do capim Mombaça.

2016

Massa de forragem e taxa de acúmulo de campo nativo em sistemas de produção de pecuária familiar da Serra do Sudeste do Rio Grande do Sul.

As pastagens naturais do Rio Grande do Sul tem sido consideradas como importante base forrageira para a produção animal em sistemas de produção de base familiar.

Indução de brotação em macieiras "fuji kiku" com uso de combinações de bluprins® com óleo mineral e nitrato de cálcio em região produtora de maçã no sul do Brasil.

Fruta típica de clima temperado, a cultura da maçã (Malus domestica Borkh) aumentou significativamente a sua produtividade nas últimas duas décadas, permitindo o Brasil sair da condição de importador para exportador da fruta. Devido sua grande representatividade na fruticultura brasileira, a cadeia produtiva da maçã é uma das atividades que mais recebe investimento em tecnologia e qualidade no país. O frio é o principal agente responsável pela saída da dormência das plantas caducifólias, 16 sendo que estas, quando cultivadas em regiões com insuficiência de frio hibernal, apresentam desuniformidade na brotação e longo período de floração, afetando drasticamente a produção. Quando a superação, efetivamente, da dormência das plantas de clima temperado não é satisfeita pela insuficiente acumulação de frio, é necessário o uso de práticas culturais que possam viabilizar o cultivo dessas fruteiras. Dentre as mais utilizadas para a superação da dormência em macieiras, está o uso de indutores de brotação. Porém, os produtos comerciais a base de cianamida hidrogenada, que são utilizados para induzir a brotação de macieiras apresentam elevada toxidade. Frente à necessidade de se dispor de produtos com menor toxicidade e agressão ao meio ambiente, o desenvolvimento de novos compostos que possuam tais características, aliada à eficiência na indução da brotação é almejada (HAWERROTH, 2009). Nesse sentido, objetivou-se com esse trabalho avaliar a utilização de diferentes combinações de Bluprins® 28 com nitrato de cálcio e óleo mineral para indução de brotação de macieiras 'Fuji Kiku' em região produtora de maçã no sul do Brasil.

O lixo nosso de cada dia: plano de ação para enfrentamento do acúmulo de lixo nas ruas, lotes e grotas na área adstrita do PSF Francisco Pereira

O Programa de Saúde da Família vem se estabelecendo a partir da década de 90, no serviço público de saúde brasileiro, como estratégia de modelo reorientador da atenção básica, no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O Curso de Especialização em Atenção Básica em Saúde da Família vem desempenhando papel preponderante, como embasador nesse processo. A partir do diagnóstico situacional da área adstrita do PSF Francisco Pereira - Lagoa Santa / MG, pela metodologia do Planejamento Estratégico Situacional - Estimativa Rápida, realizado no Módulo Planejamento e Avaliação das Ações de Saúde do referido curso, ficou constatado que o problema principal encontrado, na área adstrita, foi o acúmulo de resíduos sólidos em ruas, lotes e grotas. Pretende-se com o presente trabalho, após uma breve revisão bibliográfica, elaborar um plano de ação, que venha a integrar equipe, comunidade, poder público e outros atores, com o fito de elucidar o problema, propondo-se a impactá-lo. A atuação concentra-se na limpeza da á rea adstrita, educação ambiental comunitária, tratamento de agravos possivelmente ligados ao contato com o lixo.

Acúmulo de lixo: ações de intervenção para destino correto do lixo na cidade de Palmópolis - Minas Gerais

Na maioria das cidades brasileiras o lixo doméstico é coletado pelo serviço de limpeza urbana municipal. É descartado em lixões sem qualquer cuidado ou tratamento adequado, isso ocorre porque o custo financeiro é baixo para os municípios comparativamente a outras opções de descarte, mas o acúmulo do lixo pode provocar doenças transmitidas por vetores, tais como: ratos, baratas e mosquitos. Essa prática também polui o meio ambiente, pois a água, o ar e o solo são negativamente afetados, implicando piora da qualidade de vida da população. Este trabalho expõe a realidade do acúmulo de lixo a céu aberto no município de Palmópolis no estado de Minas Gerais, e propõe um projeto com ações de intervenção para conscientizar a população a entender a necessidade de: dar ao lixo um destino adequado, reaproveitar e reciclar este lixo através da coleta seletiva e a construir uma cooperativa de reciclagem, além do aterro sanitário adequado na cidade. Acredita-se que, ao promover o conhecimento do impacto positivo dessas ações, estas poderão se concretizar. Assim, a com mobilização da população através do incentivo da equipe do PSF em parceria com as secretarias municipais da saúde, educação e obras é fundamental.

Teores de nutrientes na alface irrigada com água residuária aplicada por sistemas de irrigação

A trial was carried out to evaluate the chemical composition in the aerial part of lettuce, cv. 'Elisa', irrigated with wastewater treated with constructed wetland and source deposit water, grown on a Rhodic Hapludox Soil, using the irrigation systems sprinkle, subsurface drip and surface drip irrigation. The experiment was carried out from August 17th to October 3rd of 2001 and the chemical analyses of the lettuce were accomplished to 47 days after transplanting of the seedling. The aerial part of the lettuce was analyzed as for the levels of total nitrogen, nitrate, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, sodium, boron, cobalt and molybdenum. The sodium and the sulfur presented higher levels than the maximum suitable in the aerial part of the lettuce and the smallest level of magnesium, while other chemical elements analyzed were normal and appropriate considering the standard for well-nourished plants, not being influenced by the water type. The sodium was the chemical element that presented the highest levels in the aerial part of the lettuce in the treatments irrigated with wastewater, presenting significant difference in relationship to the treatments irrigated with source deposit water in the three irrigation systems. The use of the different irrigation systems by the application of wastewater treated with constructed wetland did not interfere in the levels of nutrients in the aerial part of the lettuce.

Calibração da Reflectometria no Domínio do Tempo (TDR) para a estimativa da concentração da solução no solo

Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) is a reliable method for in-situ measurements of the humidity and the solution concentration at the same soil volume. Accurate interpretation of electrical conductivity (and soil humidity) measurements may require a specific calibration curve. The primary goal of this work was to establish a calibration procedure for using TDR to estimate potassium nitrate concentrations (KNO3) in soil solution. An equation relating the electrical conductivity measured by TDR and KNO3 concentration was established enabling the use of TDR technique to estimate soil water content and nitrate concentration for efficient fertigation management.

Modelos de transferência de metal pesado na cana-de-açúcar adubada com composto de lixo urbano

The research approaches recycling of urban waste compost (UWC) as an alternative fertilizer for sugarcane crop and as a social and environmental solution to the solids residuals growth in urban centers. A mathematical model was used in order to know the metal dynamics as decision support tool, aiming to establish of criteria and procedures for UWC's safe use, limited by the amount of heavy metal. A compartmental model was developed from experimental data in controlled conditions and partially checked with field data. This model described the heavy metal transference in the system soil-root-aerial portion of sugarcane plants and concluded that nickel was metal to be concern, since it takes approximately three years to be attenuated in the soil, reaching the aerial portions of the plant at high concentrations. Regarding factors such as clay content, oxide level and soil pH, it was observed that for soil with higher buffering capacity, the transfer of the majority of the metals was slower. This model may become an important tool for the attainment of laws regarding the UWC use, aiming to reduce environment contamination the waste accumulation and production costs.

Formação das substâncias de reserva durante o desenvolvimento de sementes de urucum (Bixa orellana L. - Bixaceae)

Annatto seeds do not germinate during early stages of their development because of insufficient reserve substances. In situ analysis showed that the principal reserves are proteins and starch, deposited in endosperm cells. During the early stages of development, the starch grains were elliptic, because amylose was the minor component. During development, these grains became more spherical due to an increase in amylose relative to amylopectin. Endosperm cells do not contain protein bodies, but they accumulate proteins dispersed in the cytoplasm. At the final stage of development the proteins became compacted due to the dehydration of the seeds wich is part of the global process of orthodox seeds maturation. Natural fluorescence revealed aromatic amino acids, principally tryptophan and tyrosine in the proteins. The seeds reached their maximum dry weight after moisture contents had declined to around 60%. At this point the seeds presented maximum germination capacity.

Ambientes de cultivo, recipientes e substratos na produção de biomassa foliar e radicular em mudas de maracujazeiro amarelo em Aquidauana - MS

The objective of the work was to evaluate the effects of environment, recipients, and substrate compositions in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg.) seedlings biomass production in Pantanal region from September to November of 2006. Experimental trials were conducted in four protected environments, in two types of containers and three different substrate compositions. The environments were: A1 (greenhouse covered with low-density, 150-microns-thick polyethylene film), A2 (monofilament black screened with mesh for 50% of shade), A3 (aluminized screened with mesh for 50% of shade) and A4 (environment covered with straw of native coconut palm); the recipients were: polyethylene bags (R1) (15 x 25 cm) and polystyrene trays (R2) (with 72 cells). There substrates were: S1 (soil + organic compost + vermiculite, 1:1: 1 v/v), S2 (soil + organic compost + sawdust, 1:1: 1 v/v) and S3 (soil + organic compost + vermiculite + sawdust, 1:1: 1/2: 1/2 v/v). The experimental design was completely randomized statistical analysis in split-split-plot, with fifteen replications. The treatments in the plot were environments, in the subplots were pots, and subsubplots were substrates (4 x 2 x 3 = 24 treatments). Fresh and dry mass of aerial and root system parts were evaluated. Environments with screen showed better results for seedlings of yellow passion fruit biomass in polyethylene bags. Polyethylene bags promoted higher biomasses. The substrate with vermiculite showed better results for both types of containers. The substrate with a higher percentage of sawdust showed the worst result.

Antioxidative responses of cell suspension cultures of two Coffea arabica varieties to low aluminum levels at pH 5.8

The effects of aluminum (Al) on the activities of antioxidant enzymes and ferritin expression were studied in cell suspension cultures of two varieties of Coffea arabica, Mundo Novo and Icatu, in medium with pH at 5.8. The cells were incubated with 300 µM Al3+, and the Al speciation as Al3+ was 1.45% of the mole fraction. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were increased in Mundo Novo, whereas glutathione reductase (GR) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) activities remained unchanged. SOD, GR, and GST activities were increased in Icatu, while CAT activity was not changed, and GPOX activity decreased. The expression of two ferritin genes (CaFer1 and CaFer2) were analyzed by Real-Time PCR. Al caused a downregulation of CaFER1 expression and no changes of CaFER2 expression in both varieties. The Western blot showed no alteration in ferritin protein levels in Mundo Novo and a decrease in Icatu. The differential enzymes responses indicate that the response to Al is variety-dependent.

Phenotypic variability in a family with x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy caused by the p.Trp132Ter mutation

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is an inherited disease with clinical heterogeneity varying from presymptomatic individuals to rapidly progressive cerebral ALD forms. This disease is characterized by increased concentration of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in plasma and in adrenal, testicular and nervous tissues. Affected individuals can be classified in different clinical settings, according to phenotypic expression and age at onset of initial symptoms. Molecular defects in X-ALD individuals usually result from ABCD1 gene mutations. In the present report we describe clinical data and the ABCD1 gene study in two boys affected with the childhood cerebral form that presented with different symptomatic manifestations at diagnosis. In addition, their maternal grandfather had been diagnosed with Addison's disease indicating phenotypic variation for X-ALD within this family. The mutation p.Trp132Ter was identified in both male patients; additionally, three females, out of eleven family members, were found to be heterozygous after screening for this mutation. In the present report, the molecular analysis was especially important since one of the heterozygous females was in first stages of pregnancy. Therefore, depending on the fetus outcome, if male and p.Trp132Ter carrier, storage of the umbilical cord blood should be recommended as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation could be considered as an option for treatment in the future.

Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis, a type of amaurotic family idiocy: clinical and pathological study of four cases

Neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (NCL) is a recent term, proposed for acurate designation of the late-onset types of Amaurotic Family Idiocy (AFI). Histopathology shows ubiquitous intraneuronal accumulation of lipopigments, being the most important factor for characterization of the entity at present time. Biochemical changes and pathogenesis are obscure. NCL is in contrast to the infantile type of AFI (Tay-Sachs disease), in which intraneuronal accumulation of gangliosides (sphingolipids) is due to the well known deficiency of a lysosomal enzyme. The authors report on four cases of NCL, two brothers of the late infantile (Jansky-Bielschowsky) type and a brother and a sister of the juvenile (Spielmeyer-Sjögren) type. One autopsy and three cortical biopsies revealed moderate to severe distention of the neurons by lipopigment, with nerve cell loss, gliosis and cerebral atrophy. Lipopigment was also increased in liver, heart and spleen. The patients were the first in Brazilian literature in whom the storage material was identified as lipopigment by histochemical methods. A brief summary of the clinical features of NCL is presented, and relevant problems are discussed, concerning interpretation of the nature of the storage material, and significance of the disease for gerontological research.