Enquadramento dos sistemas ERP numa arquitectura SOA: caso de estudo SAP® NetWeaver

Neste trabalho, propõe-se estudar o enquadramento dos Sistemas Integrados de Gestão Empresarial (Enterprise Resource Planning – ERP) numa Arquitectura Orientada a Serviços (Service Oriented Architecture – SOA) e quais os benefícios que podem ser obtidos no desenvolvimento de novas aplicações e integração com outros Sistemas de Informação (SI). Propõe-se fazer um levantamento da evolução e do estado da arte dos sistemas ERP e da arquitectura SOA. Para ter uma visão concreta, escolheu-se analisar um sistema ERP específico, o ERP da SAP e a plataforma tecnológica em que assenta, o SAP NetWeaver. Que estratégia tem sido seguida pelos principais fabricantes de sistemas ERPs, para enquadrar os seus sistemas ERP numa arquitectura SOA? Finalmente avalia-se o conceito de aplicação composta (Composite Application) baseada na arquitectura SOA, através da utilização de um Ambiente Integrado de Composição (Integrated Composition Environment – ICE). A plataforma utilizada para essa avaliação é o SAP NetWeaver Composition Enviroment (CE). Mais especificamente, desenvolve-se uma aplicação composta, resultante da combinação de serviços expostos pelo sistema ERP da SAP (enterprise services) e um Web Service instalado noutra plataforma.

Studies on mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and anthropic environment: 3- Survey of adult stages at the rice irrigation system and the emergence of Anopheles albitarsis in South-Eastern, Brazil

A study of adult Culicidae ecology was carried out from January 1992 through January 1993 at the rice irrigation system of the Ribeira Valley Experimental Station. The adaptation of Anopheles albitarsis to the anthropic environment became evident through the adult collections made at its various habitats represented by the irrigation system and the edge of the residual pond, as well as at those made within the local patchy residual woods. Other potential disease vectors were prevalent in the irrigated system too. There were Aedes scapularis, Culex nigripalpus and Cx. ribeirensis that were collected at various habitats. Remarkable differences among their prevalences were obtained such as between the natural forest and anthropic environments. In the former An. albitarsis was practically non-existent, thus suggesting that it might be considered as eusynathropic. As the populations of other species seemed to increase in the anthropic environment, they may be regarded as hemisynanthropes. Observations suggest the hypothesis that the development of irrigated land may be a factor in the emergence of An. albitarsis, and some other species, as well as the possibility of an increase in the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria.

Studies on mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and anthropic environment: 4 - Survey of resting adults and synanthropic behaviour in South-Eastern, Brazil

Resting adults Culicidae were collected from January 1992 through January 1993 in several habitats of the Ribeira Valley region. The diversity of species found among them suggested that the vegetation remaining within human settlements favored the survival and the population increase of some mosquitoes. Among there are: Ae. scapularis, Ae. serratus, Cx. (Culex), Cx. nigripalpus and Cx. (Melanoconion) such as Cx. ribeirensis. That preservation role may be attributed to the rearing of livestock and the consequent increase in the number of blood sources. These species may be classified as hemisynanthropes and Cx. oedipus apparently evolving to the eusynanthropic status. On the other hand, An. cruzii showed an asynanthropic behaviour, with a low degree of survival in the modified human environment. Epidemiological implications of the data are mentioned.

Studies on mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and anthropic environment: 6 - Breeding in empty conditions of rice fields in South-Eastern Brazil

Studies on culicid breeding in empty rice fields were carried out during the cultivation cycle from May to November 1993. This period corresponded to stages 1 and 2, when empty conditions prevailed. Breeding occurred in stage 1 and the first part of stage 2, corresponding respectively to fallow uncultivated and ploughing situations. No breeding was found to take place during the second part of stage 2 when transient floods and harrowing occurred. The predominant species were Aedes scapularis, Culex nigripalpus and Cx. mollis. The Pilosus Group of Culex (Melanoconion) was found at lower densities. Some epidemiological considerations are presented.

Studies on mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and anthropic environment: 7- Behaviour of adults Nyssorhynchus anophelines with special reference to Anopheles albitarsis s.l. in South-Eastern Brazil

Results obtained with catches performed at several sites of the Ribeira Valley, SP (Brazil) are reported. Collections with Shannon type traps showed a concentration of An.albitarsis s.l. in the Experimental Farm of Pariquera-Açu County, associated with the development of irrigated rice cultivation. Two species of the complex, named A and B, were recognized. Species B predominated in the samples. Indoor and outdoor crepuscular human bait captures were performed a the domiciliary environment. The two species showed a generally low William's media valve of 0.2, the highest value obtained was 1.6. No differences were found between indoor and outdoor behaviours between the two species of the complex.

Studies on mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and anthropic environment: 8- Survey of adult behaviour of Spissipes Section species of Culex (Melanoconion) in South-Eastern Brazil

A study of Spissipes Section of Culex (Melanoconion) adults behaviour was carried out from August 1992 through December 1993 in human dominated (anthropic) environment in the Ribeira Valley, S.Paulo State, Brazil. By sampling at several sites it the dominance of Culex ribeirensis and Cx. sacchettae became evident even through a total number of ten species was recorded. Those two mosquitoes showed a clear tendency to frequent the domiciliary environment where they were caught, both indoor and outdoor, through the use of the human bait. In the outside environments, the residual patchy forests seems to display a concentration role, from which these adults spread to the open land and reach the dwellings. As their vector competence has been demonstrated through the virus isolations in natural conditions, it is advisable to pay attention to the presence of these mosquitoes in the man-made environment.

Studies on mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and anthropic environment: 9- Synanthropy and epidemiological vector role of Aedes scapularis in South-Eastern Brazil

Behaviour comparisons of Aedes scapularis and Ae. serratus are presented. Results were obtained by sampling Aedes adult mosquitoes at several places in the rural anthropic environment in the Ribeira Valley region of S. Paulo State, Brazil. Aedes dominance was shared by those two species, but Ae. scapularis Sshowed a clear tendency to frequent the modified environment, while Ae. serratus was to be found in the more preserved ones, here represented by the vestigial patchy forests. Regarding the open cultivated land and the dwelling environments, Ae. scapularis preponderates. Considering the regional developmental phases, this mosquito showed a remarkable increase in the modified environment differently from Ae. serratus that underwent a considerable decrease in migrating from the forest to the anthropic environment. As a consequence of these results it is reasonable to conclude that Ae. scapularis may be considered as an epidemiologically efficient vector and that it quite probably played this role in the Rocio encephalitis and other arbovirus epidemics.

Agent Inferencing Meets the Semantic Web

We provide all agent; the capability to infer the relations (assertions) entailed by the rules that, describe the formal semantics of art RDFS knowledge-base. The proposed inferencing process formulates each semantic restriction as a rule implemented within a, SPARQL query statement. The process expands the original RDF graph into a fuller graph that. explicitly captures the rule's described semantics. The approach is currently being explored in order to support descriptions that follow the generic Semantic Web Rule Language. An experiment, using the Fire-Brigade domain, a small-scale knowledge-base, is adopted to illustrate the agent modeling method and the inferencing process.

Studies on mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and anthropic environment: 10- survey of adult behaviour of Culex nigripalpus and other species of Culex (Culex) in South-Eastern Brazil

A survey of adult behaviour of Culex (Culex) species was carried out from August 1992 through December 1993 in a human modified (anthropic) environment in the Ribeira Valley, S.Paulo State, Brazil. Culex nigripalpus dominated the catches at several sites and it's tendency to increase in the anthropic environment became quite clear. Nevertheless no high level of synanthropy was demonstrated. So it seems that the mosquito may have a restricted role in natural arbovirus cycles. Nonetheless, Cx. nigripalpus must be considered a potential vector of arboviruses, especially St. Louis encephalitis virus outside dwellings.

Studies on mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and anthropic environment: 11 - Biting activity and blood-seeking parity of Anopheles (Kerteszia) in South-Eastern Brazil

An. (Ker.) cruzii and An. (Ker.) bellator were monitored by the use of human bait and Shannon trap collections during a one-year period in 1994. Indoor and outdoor collections were made on human bait and inside the forest environment a Shannon trap was used. Both were undertaken in the evening crepuscular period. Results showed a greater abundance of An. cruzii in the forest, where as An. bellator was more abundant in the domiciliary environment. Through the application of the Polovodova method an age grading was established. Computing the parous and nulliparous females with Christopher's Stage III and above, more than 30.0% of blood-seeking specimens of both anophelines had had a previous blood meal. The higher abundance of An. bellator as compared with that of An. cruzii in the domiciliary environment may be explained by the influence of the neighboring low-lying coastal islands of the estuary system.

Studies on mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) and anthropic environment. 12- Host-seeking behaviour of Anopheles albitarsis s.l. in South-Eastern Brazil

Results obtained with Anopheles albitarsis s.l. catches mainly performed through human bait at the Ribeira Valley region, SP (Brazil), are reported. Two species of the complex were recognized, namely An. albitarsis s.s. and species B. This latter predominated both in the rice fields and in the dwelling environments. The crepuscular rhythms showed an unimodal sunset pattern with most blood-seeking females caught during dusk. The absence of differences between indoor and outdoor behavior was confirmed for both species of the complex.

Indoor school environment: easy and low cost to assess inorganic pollutants

Total particulate matter (TPM) was passively collected inside two classrooms of each of five elementary schools in Lisbon, Portugal. TPM was collected in polycarbonate filters with a 47 mm diameter, placed inside of uncovered plastic petri dishes. The sampling period was from 19 May to 22 June 2009 (35 days exposure) and the collected TPM masses varied between 0.2 mg and 0.8 mg. The major elements were Ca, Fe, Na, K, and Zn at μg level, while others were at ng level. Pearson′s correlation coefficients above 0.75 (a high degree of correlation) were found between several elements. Soil-related, traffic soil re-suspension and anthropogenic emission sources could be identified. Blackboard chalk was also identified through Ca large presence. Some of the determined chemical elements are potential carcinogenic. Quality control of the results showed good agreement as confirmed by the application of u-score test.

Unit Commitment in a Competitive and Emission Constrained Environment

This paper is on the unit commitment problem, considering not only the economic perspective, but also the environmental perspective. We propose a bi-objective approach to handle the problem with conflicting profit and emission objectives. Numerical results based on the standard IEEE 30-bus test system illustrate the proficiency of the proposed approach.

Caracterização da amostra portuguesa da área da saúde na Web of Science

Introdução: A produção e o uso da literatura científica são analisados, quantificados e interpretados pela bibliometria, ciência utilizada para estudos métricos da informação publicada e que estuda as questões relacionadas com a comunicação científica e a atividade científica. Objetivo: O estudo apresentado é uma análise bibliométrica da produção científica portuguesa da área da saúde indexada na Web of Science. Métodos: Analisa-se a produção referente ao período entre 1992 e final de 2011. A análise da produção científica centrou-se nas seguintes variáveis: categorias de classificação da Web of Science, tipologia de documentos indexados, títulos de revistas, distribuição por anos de publicação, afiliação institucional, idiomas, países de origem dos autores com quem foram estabelecidas relações de parceria científica e quem facultou os financiamentos à investigação científica. Resultados: Foram contabilizados 34.208 trabalhos. Destes, o artigo é a forma mais utilizada pelos autores portugueses para a divulgação dos resultados de investigação (58,5%). A década mais recente é contemplada com 75,4% dos registos. A maioria da produção com visibilidade internacional é oriunda de universidades e de centros de investigação hospitalar; institutos, laboratórios da indústria farmacêutica e universidades estrangeiras têm valores residuais. A colaboração com outros investigadores internacionais destaca-se no caso da Europa (73,2%). O financiamento da investigação científica é suportado basicamente pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (59,5%), seguida da Comissão Europeia (17,8%). O inglês é o idioma mais usado para a divulgação dos resultados de investigação nacional na área da saúde (97,8%). Conclusões: O uso de bases de dados ou de plataformas científicas para estudos bibliométricos é um processo moroso e difícil. O total de trabalhos em análise foi sempre o mesmo mas, em algumas variáveis, os valores não coincidem, quer porque alguns dos registos foram classificados em mais do que uma categoria temática, quer pelos trabalhos multidisciplinares oriundos das mesmas instituições, quer pelos trabalhos de colaboração internacional. Também no presente estudo os artigos são o veículo privilegiado para a divulgação dos resultados científicos. Apontamento final: deve encorajar-se a utilização de outras plataformas científicas e de outras bases de dados para uma mais completa recuperação da produção científica nacional na área da saúde. Introduction: The production and the use of the scientific literature are analyzed, quantified and interpreted by bibliometry. Bibliometry is the science used in published information metric studies and studies the questions of scientific communication and the scientific production. Aim of the study: This study presents a bibliometric analysis of the indexed Web of Science Portuguese scientific production in the health field. Methods: We analyzed the production from 1992 to the end of 2011. This analysis focused in several variables: general categories areas of Web of Science, indexed document types, source titles, publication years, group/corporate authors, languages, identification of the countries with scientific partnerships and identification of the funding agencies for scientific research. Results: We found 34.208 works. From this, the article is the most common channel for disseminating the research results (58.5%). The most recent decade has 75.4% of the total of records. Most of the production with international visibility becomes from universities and hospital research centers; institutes, pharmaceutical labs or foreign universities have residual values. Collaborating with other international researchers is very common, particularly with Europe (73.2%). In general, the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia supports the scientific research (59.5%), followed by the European Commission (17.8%). The language commonly used for disseminating the research results in health is the English (97.8%). Conclusions: Using databases or scientific platforms for bibliometric studies is a hard and difficult process. The total of works analyzed was always the same but, with some variables, the numbers does not coincide: a) some of the registries were classified in several categories; b) some of the multidisciplinary works were from the same institution; c) the large number of international partnership. In this study, articles are the privileged way for disseminating the scientific results. A last thought: the use of other scientific platforms and databases should be encouraged for a more complete retrieval of the national research production in health.

Caracterização da amostra portuguesa da área da saúde na Web of Science

Introdução: A produção e o uso da literatura científica são analisados, quantificados e interpretados pela bibliometria, ciência utilizada para estudos métricos da informação publicada e que estuda as questões relacionadas com a comunicação científica e a atividade científica. Objetivo: O estudo apresentado é uma análise bibliométrica da produção científica portuguesa da área da saúde indexada na Web of Science. Métodos: Analisa-se a produção referente ao período entre 1992 e final de 2011. A análise da produção científica centrou-se nas seguintes variáveis: categorias de classificação da Web of Science, tipologia de documentos indexados, títulos de revistas, distribuição por anos de publicação, afiliação institucional, idiomas, países de origem dos autores com quem foram estabelecidas relações de parceria científica e quem facultou os financiamentos à investigação científica. Resultados: Foram contabilizados 34.208 trabalhos. Destes, o artigo é a forma mais utilizada pelos autores portugueses para a divulgação dos resultados de investigação (58,5%). A década mais recente é contemplada com 75,4% dos registos. A maioria da produção com visibilidade internacional é oriunda de universidades e de centros de investigação hospitalar; institutos, laboratórios da indústria farmacêutica e universidades estrangeiras têm valores residuais. A colaboração com outros investigadores internacionais destaca-se no caso da Europa (73,2%). O financiamento da investigação científica é suportado basicamente pela Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (59,5%), seguida da Comissão Europeia (17,8%). O inglês é o idioma mais usado para a divulgação dos resultados de investigação nacional na área da saúde (97,8%). Conclusões: O uso de bases de dados ou de plataformas científicas para estudos bibliométricos é um processo moroso e difícil. O total de trabalhos em análise foi sempre o mesmo mas, em algumas variáveis, os valores não coincidem, quer porque alguns dos registos foram classificados em mais do que uma categoria temática, quer pelos trabalhos multidisciplinares oriundos das mesmas instituições, quer pelos trabalhos de colaboração internacional. Também no presente estudo os artigos são o veículo privilegiado para a divulgação dos resultados científicos. Apontamento final: deve encorajar-se a utilização de outras plataformas científicas e de outras bases de dados para uma mais completa recuperação da produção científica nacional na área da saúde. Introduction: The production and the use of the scientific literature are analyzed, quantified and interpreted by bibliometry. Bibliometry is the science used in published information metric studies and studies the questions of scientific communication and the scientific production. Aim of the study: This study presents a bibliometric analysis of the indexed Web of Science Portuguese scientific production in the health field. Methods: We analyzed the production from 1992 to the end of 2011. This analysis focused in several variables: general categories areas of Web of Science, indexed document types, source titles, publication years, group/corporate authors, languages, identification of the countries with scientific partnerships and identification of the funding agencies for scientific research. Results: We found 34.208 works. From this, the article is the most common channel for disseminating the research results (58.5%). The most recent decade has 75.4% of the total of records. Most of the production with international visibility becomes from universities and hospital research centers; institutes, pharmaceutical labs or foreign universities have residual values. Collaborating with other international researchers is very common, particularly with Europe (73.2%). In general, the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia supports the scientific research (59.5%), followed by the European Commission (17.8%). The language commonly used for disseminating the research results in health is the English (97.8%). Conclusions: Using databases or scientific platforms for bibliometric studies is a hard and difficult process. The total of works analyzed was always the same but, with some variables, the numbers does not coincide: a) some of the registries were classified in several categories; b) some of the multidisciplinary works were from the same institution; c) the large number of international partnership. In this study, articles are the privileged way for disseminating the scientific results. A last thought: the use of other scientific platforms and databases should be encouraged for a more complete retrieval of the national research production in health.