DEVELOPING SOCIAL CAPITAL WITHIN COMPANIES THROUGH ENTERPRISE 2.0

Whereas external social media has been studied, hyped and integrated into companies´ strategies, an insignificant concentration has been put on internal social solutions, which companies provide increasingly to their personnel. An enterprise focusing solely on the benefits of external social media might end up underestimating the true potential embedded in social business. The purpose of this thesis was to examine how social collaboration can be depicted as a structuration process in an Enterprise 2.0 environment. Furthermore, this thesis sought to reveal the benefits, challenges and possibilities of social business. This thesis focused on researching Enterprise 2.0 at the workplace. The studied Enterprise 2.0 solution was IBM Connections. The qualitative research methodology was an extensive case study. Three companies took part into this thesis and all in all 12 employees were interviewed. Additionally, seven IBM Social Business Experts were interviewed in order to receive a better understanding of the phenomenon. Three research questions were designed to fulfill the purpose of this thesis. The research questions were: 1. How are the dimensions of social capital structured through collaboration? 2. How does agency form in Enterprise 2.0? 3. How does social collaboration emerge as a result of the interplay between agency and dimensions of social capital in an Enterprise 2.0 environment and creates outcomes such as trust, identification and knowledge? The main research findings indicate that social collaboration increases trust, identification and knowledge by giving employees more capabilities to do their work. Consequently, social collaboration increases company performance by making individuals and groups more effective. The support of top management is crucial in making Enterprise 2.0 successful, because it is more a cultural than a technological change. Power agency, the lack of top management support and old established work ways such as email and databases work as barriers to social collaboration.

ETS4-ohjelma : opetusaineisto oppilaitoksille englanninkielinen versio 2.0 uudistettu

KNX koulutuspaketti oppilaitoksille versio 1.0 suomenkieliseen ETS-ohjelmaan

ETS4-ohjelma: opetusaineisto oppilaitoksille englanninkielinen versio 2.0 uudistettu

http://www.peda.net/veraja/prakticum/teknik/mf/knx-koulutuspaketti

ETS4-ohjelma: opetusaineisto oppilaitoksille suomenkielinen versio 2.0 uudistettu

http://www.peda.net/veraja/prakticum/teknik/mf/knx-koulutuspaketti

AOD 2.0: A category based submission add-on for DSpace 4.0

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Suomea omaksuvien lasten morfologian kehitys ja siinä ilmenevät yhteydet ikäpisteiden 2;0 ja 3;6 välillä

Morfologialla tarkoitetaan sanojen taivuttamista ja muodostamista kielikohtaisten sääntöjen mukaisesti. Näiden sääntöjen hallinta korostuu lapsen omaksuessa suomea taivutusjärjestelmän laajuuden ja morfologisten piirteiden tärkeän semanttisen tehtävän vuoksi. Morfologian keskeisyydestä huolimatta on sen omaksumisesta tutkimusta logopedian alalta niukasti vasta viime vuosilta. Morfologian kehityksessä ilmenevien poikkeavuuksien tunnistaminen edellyttää morfologian tyypillisen kehityksen ja kunkin ikätason keskimääräisen morfologian hallinnan hyvää tuntemusta. Tämän pro gradu tutkielman tarkoituksena oli kuvata lapsen normaalia morfologian kehitystä ja morfologisia taitoja ikäpisteissä 2;0 ja 3;6 sekä tarkastella näiden ikäpisteiden välillä ilmeneviä mahdollisia yhteyksiä morfologian kehityksessä ja morfologian ja kielellisen kokonaistason välillä. Tutkielman aineisto koostui Varhaisen kielen kehityksen arviointimenetelmän lyhyen version normitutkimuksessa mukana olleiden perheiden 9/2010 – 1/2011 syntyneestä 26 lapsesta. Lasten morfologisia taitoja arvioitiin 2;0 vuoden iässä Varhaisen kommunikaation ja kielen kehityksen arviointimenetelmän avulla ja 3;6 vuoden iässä Morfologiatestillä. Lasten kielellisiä taitoja 3;6 vuoden iässä arvioitiin Reynellin kielellisen kehityksen testillä. Lasten todettiin hallitsevan 2;0 vuoden iässä parhaiten nominintaivutusmuodoista genetiivin, partitiivin ja illatiivin käytön, kun taas vähiten lapset olivat tähän ikään mennessä ottaneet käyttöön elatiivia ja ablatiivia. Verbintaivutusmuodoista lapset hallitsivat parhaiten imperatiivin, kieltomuotojen, yksikön kolmannen persoonan preesensin ja imperfektin käytön ja vastaavasti heikoiten liittotempusten käytön. Tutkielman tulokset tukevat aiempia havaintoja lasten taivutusmuotojen yhdenmukaisesta omaksumisjärjestyksestä. Ikäpisteessä 3;6 lapset hallitsivat parhaiten nomineista elatiivin taivutusta, kun taas adjektiivien vertailu oli vielä verrattain hankalaa. Lasten preesens- ja imperfektimuotoisten verbimuotojen hallinta 3;6 vuoden iässä oli keskenään lähes saman tasoista. Aiemmin ei suomen kielessä ole tutkittu morfologisten taitojen yhteyttä tämän tutkielman tavoin ikäpisteiden 2;0 ja 3;6 välillä, joten tutkielma antaa uutta tietoa morfologisten taitojen kehityksessä ilmenevistä yhteyksistä. Tutkielman tulosten mukaan lasten morfologian kehityksessä ilmeni ikäpisteiden 2;0 ja 3;6 välillä yhteyksiä sija- ja preesenstaivutuksessa sekä morfologiaa kokonaisuutena tarkasteltaessa. Myös morfologisten ja kielellisten kokonaistaitojen välillä ilmeni yhteyksiä 3;6 vuoden iässä. Sen sijaan varhaisten morfologisten taitojen ja kielellisen kokonaistason välillä ei ilmennyt yhteyttä.

Les coulisses de la Toile : étude sur les demarches de conception de sites web

À l’ère du web 2.0, l’usage des sites web se multiplie et génère de nouveaux enjeux. La satisfaction en rapport à l’interactivité, facteur d’efficacité des sites, détermine la popularité, et donc la visibilité de ceux-ci sur la Toile. Par conséquent, dans cette étude, nous considérons que les utilisateurs ont un rôle à jouer lors du processus de conception de ces derniers. Certes, autant en théorie que dans la pratique, les concepteurs semblent bel et bien tenir compte des utilisateurs; toutefois, ils ne les intègrent pas comme participants actifs dans leurs démarches. Cette étude vise au moyen d’une recherche documentaire et d’observations sur le terrain à comprendre les principales catégories et morphologies des sites web ainsi que les usages qui en découlent. Une analyse des diverses démarches de conception et des perceptions et attentes des internautes est réalisée sur la base de ces résultats. Pour répondre à ces objectifs, cette analyse cible deux catégories de sites réalisés par des professionnels et par des amateurs. Celle-ci nous permet de démontrer que les résultats de chacune de ces démarches, exprimés à travers les interfaces graphiques des sites, diffèrent au niveau de la qualité perceptible. Cette étude souligne également l’importance d’un traitement efficace de la communication graphique des éléments des sites web, afin de structurer la lecture et transmettre au final un message clair et compréhensible aux internautes. Dans le but consolider nos propositions, nous faisons référence à deux théories de communication graphique, la Gestalt et la sémiotique, l’une s’intéressant à la perception visuelle, l’autre à l’interprétation des signes. Celles-ci se sont révélées pertinentes pour analyser la qualité et l’efficacité des éléments de contenus. Notre étude révèle que les participants ne sont pas satisfaits des deux sites testés car l’utilisabilité du site conçu par des professionnels est trop complexe et l’interface du site conçu par un amateur manque de professionnalisme et de cohérence. Ces résultats soulignent la pertinence d’une approche centrée sur l’utilisateur pour la conception de sites web, car elle permet d’identifier et de résoudre des erreurs de conception. Nos résultats permettent également de souligner que les professionnels ayant un savoir technique et théorique se démarquent des amateurs au niveau des intervenants, des outils et des limites. Des pistes de solution, via des critères de design centré sur l’utilisateur, sont proposées à la fin de cette étude dans le but d’optimiser la qualité et l’efficacité des interfaces graphiques web.

Selective N-monomethylation of aniline over Zn1-xNixFe2O4 (x=0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1) type systems

The reaction of aniline with methanol was carried out over Zn1-xNixFe2O4 (x= 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1) type systems in a fixed-bed down-flow reactor. It was observed that systems possessing low ``x'' values are highly selective and active for mono N-alkylation of aniline leading to N-methyl aniline. Selectivity for N-methyl aniline over ZnFe2O4 was more than 99% under the optimized reaction conditions. Even at methanol to aniline molar ratio of 2, the yield of N-methyl aniline was nearly 55.5%, whereas its yield exceeded 67% at the molar ratio of 7. The Lewis acid sites of the catalysts are mainly responsible for the good catalytic performance. Cation distribution in the spinel lattice influences their acido-basic properties, and hence, these factors have been considered as helpful to evaluate the activity and stability of the systems.

Selective N-monomethylation of aniline using Zn1-x CoxFe2O4( x=0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0)type systems

A series of ferrites having the general formula Zn1-xCoxFe2O4 (x=0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.0)were prepared by soft chemical route. The materials were characterized by adopting various physico-chemical methods. The reaction of aniline with methanol was studied in a fixed-bed reactor system as a potential source for the production of various methyl anilines. It was observed that systems possessing low ‘ x’ values are highly selective and active for N-monoalkylation of aniline leading to N-methylaniline. Reaction parameters were properly varied to optimize the reaction conditions for obtaining N-methylaniline selectively and in better yield. Among the systems Zn0.8Co0.2Fe2O4 is remarkable due to its very high activity and excellent stability. Under the optimized conditions N-methylaniline selectivity exceeded 98%. Even at a methanol to aniline molar ratio of 2, the yield of N-methylaniline was nearly 50%, whereas its yield exceeded 71% at the molar ratio of 5. ZnFe2O4, though executed better conversion than Zn0.8Co0.2Fe2O4 in the initial period of the run, deactivates quickly as the reaction proceeds. The Lewis acidity of the catalysts is mainly responsible for the good performance. Cation distribution in the spinel lattice influences their acido-basic properties and, hence, these factors have been considered as helpful parameters to evaluate the activity of the systems.

Small World Folksonomies: Clustering in Tri-Partite Hypergraphs

Many recent Web 2.0 resource sharing applications can be subsumed under the "folksonomy" moniker. Regardless of the type of resource shared, all of these share a common structure describing the assignment of tags to resources by users. In this report, we generalize the notions of clustering and characteristic path length which play a major role in the current research on networks, where they are used to describe the small-world effects on many observable network datasets. To that end, we show that the notion of clustering has two facets which are not equivalent in the generalized setting. The new measures are evaluated on two large-scale folksonomy datasets from resource sharing systems on the web.

Capturing Emergent Semantics from Social Annotation Systems

The ongoing growth of the World Wide Web, catalyzed by the increasing possibility of ubiquitous access via a variety of devices, continues to strengthen its role as our prevalent information and commmunication medium. However, although tools like search engines facilitate retrieval, the task of finally making sense of Web content is still often left to human interpretation. The vision of supporting both humans and machines in such knowledge-based activities led to the development of different systems which allow to structure Web resources by metadata annotations. Interestingly, two major approaches which gained a considerable amount of attention are addressing the problem from nearly opposite directions: On the one hand, the idea of the Semantic Web suggests to formalize the knowledge within a particular domain by means of the "top-down" approach of defining ontologies. On the other hand, Social Annotation Systems as part of the so-called Web 2.0 movement implement a "bottom-up" style of categorization using arbitrary keywords. Experience as well as research in the characteristics of both systems has shown that their strengths and weaknesses seem to be inverse: While Social Annotation suffers from problems like, e. g., ambiguity or lack or precision, ontologies were especially designed to eliminate those. On the contrary, the latter suffer from a knowledge acquisition bottleneck, which is successfully overcome by the large user populations of Social Annotation Systems. Instead of being regarded as competing paradigms, the obvious potential synergies from a combination of both motivated approaches to "bridge the gap" between them. These were fostered by the evidence of emergent semantics, i. e., the self-organized evolution of implicit conceptual structures, within Social Annotation data. While several techniques to exploit the emergent patterns were proposed, a systematic analysis - especially regarding paradigms from the field of ontology learning - is still largely missing. This also includes a deeper understanding of the circumstances which affect the evolution processes. This work aims to address this gap by providing an in-depth study of methods and influencing factors to capture emergent semantics from Social Annotation Systems. We focus hereby on the acquisition of lexical semantics from the underlying networks of keywords, users and resources. Structured along different ontology learning tasks, we use a methodology of semantic grounding to characterize and evaluate the semantic relations captured by different methods. In all cases, our studies are based on datasets from several Social Annotation Systems. Specifically, we first analyze semantic relatedness among keywords, and identify measures which detect different notions of relatedness. These constitute the input of concept learning algorithms, which focus then on the discovery of synonymous and ambiguous keywords. Hereby, we assess the usefulness of various clustering techniques. As a prerequisite to induce hierarchical relationships, our next step is to study measures which quantify the level of generality of a particular keyword. We find that comparatively simple measures can approximate the generality information encoded in reference taxonomies. These insights are used to inform the final task, namely the creation of concept hierarchies. For this purpose, generality-based algorithms exhibit advantages compared to clustering approaches. In order to complement the identification of suitable methods to capture semantic structures, we analyze as a next step several factors which influence their emergence. Empirical evidence is provided that the amount of available data plays a crucial role for determining keyword meanings. From a different perspective, we examine pragmatic aspects by considering different annotation patterns among users. Based on a broad distinction between "categorizers" and "describers", we find that the latter produce more accurate results. This suggests a causal link between pragmatic and semantic aspects of keyword annotation. As a special kind of usage pattern, we then have a look at system abuse and spam. While observing a mixed picture, we suggest that an individual decision should be taken instead of disregarding spammers as a matter of principle. Finally, we discuss a set of applications which operationalize the results of our studies for enhancing both Social Annotation and semantic systems. These comprise on the one hand tools which foster the emergence of semantics, and on the one hand applications which exploit the socially induced relations to improve, e. g., searching, browsing, or user profiling facilities. In summary, the contributions of this work highlight viable methods and crucial aspects for designing enhanced knowledge-based services of a Social Semantic Web.

Escuela TIC 2.0.

Resumen tomado de la publicación