Reactividade e vulnerabilidade ao stress : papel da vinculação e o seu impacto no bem estar emocional

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

As lojas sociais como estruturas de apoio aos indivíduos em situação de vulnerabilidade económica

Dissertação de mestrado na área de Educação Social e Intervenção Comunitária

Vulnerabilidade ao stress : implicações no bem-estar e satisfação do professor

Enquadramento: O stress acompanha o indivíduo, tanto no trabalho como na vida social. Desencadeado por diversos fatores, o stress está, também,presente na vida do professor. Objetivos: Identificar os fatores que têm desencadeado situações de stress dos professores no Ensino Fundamental do município de Campo Grande-AL; Determinar os principais stressores no bem-estar e satisfação dos mesmos. Material e métodos: Optou-se pelo tipo de investigação quantitativo e não experimental, com corte transversal, descritivo e correlacional. A recolha de dados foi realizada através de protocolo constituído por questionário de caraterização sócio demográfica e escalas de: Satisfação Geral do Trabalho; Vulnerabilidade ao Stress; Afecto Positivo e Negativo; Apgar Familiar e Inventário de Qualidade de Vida. A amostra é não probabilística por conveniência constituída por 70 (setenta) professores do Ensino Fundamental. Resultados: Constatou-se que 50% dos participantes apresentaram vulnerabilidade ao stress, 28,5% boa relação com pessoas desconhecidas e 55% revelaram ter apoio dos amigos. Não foram identificados problemas familiares e 65% dos inquiridos referiram ter ajuda da família. Na satisfação do trabalho apenas 27% dos professores estão satisfeitos e 30% pensaram abandonar o trabalho. Conclusões:O desgaste em sala de aula envolve situações diárias dos professores, levando à necessidade de alertar os órgãos públicos, a fim de adotarem estratégias para o bem estar e satisfação dos professores, visando o sucesso desejado. Palavras-chave: Vulnerabilidade ao Stress; Professor; Bem-estar; Satisfação Profissional.

Mapeamento de índice de vulnerabilidade a ondas de calor

Introdução: Os efeitos diretos da temperatura ambiente na saúde humana são conhecidos e, no caso das temperaturas elevadas, podem ir desde irritações cutâneas moderadas ao denominado golpe de calor. O excesso de temperatura pode igualmente ter efeitos negativos sobre a saúde ao agravar doenças pré-existentes como as doenças cardiovasculares e cerebrovasculares, respiratórias, diabetes entre outras (1, 2). Em Portugal, à semelhança de outros países, estão descritos efeitos do excesso de calor na saúde, especificamente na mortalidade, em situações de aumento de temperatura súbito e intenso, ou seja durante as chamadas ondas de calor (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). Objetivo: construir um modelo que permita identificar as áreas e populações mais vulneráveis às ondas de calor em Portugal continental. Para atingir o objetivo proposto utilizaram-se dados do Instituto Nacional de Estatística (INE), da Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde (ACSS) e da Direção Geral do Território (DGT), aos quais são aplicadas métodos estatísticos e de análise espacial. Resultados: Como resultado obteve-se um indicador que permitiu identificar as áreas mais vulneráveis aos fenómenos de calor extremo. Conclusão: O padrão de vulnerabilidade ao calor apresenta variações no território de Portugal continental. O seu conhecimento poderá permitir o desenvolvimento de ações destinadas a minorar o impacte do efeito do calor na saúde das populações.

Qualidade de vida e vulnerabilidade ao stress dos cuidadores formais de uma unidade de cuidados continuados integrados do Alentejo

Viver um maior número de anos não significa necessariamente que se viva com qualidade. Devido às alterações demográficas verificadas nos últimos anos e face ao envelhecimento progressivo da população mundial e consequente aumento da esperança média de vida, ao acréscimo das doenças crónicas e à dependência a elas associada, surgem dificuldades que os doentes e os seus cuidadores enfrentam no seu quotidiano de internamento. Assim, surgiu a necessidade de equacionar a problemática da Qualidade de Vida e a Vulnerabilidade ao Stress dos Cuidadores Formais, que diariamente trabalham numa Unidade de Cuidados Continuados Integrados do Alentejo. Este trabalho foi desenvolvido numa Unidade de Cuidados Continuados Integrados com duas valências de internamento, a Média e a Longa Duração, com os Cuidadores Formais que nele aceitaram participar. Entre eles, encontram-se as mais diversas profissões, desde Auxiliares de Lar, Enfermeiros, Fisioterapeutas, Psicólogos, Animadores Socioculturais, Técnicos de Psicomotricidade, Terapeutas da Fala e Assistentes Sociais. Todos eles representam um papel muito importante no cuidado aos seus clientes, cada um na sua área. Ao delinear este estudo, o Problema prático identificado foi se existia uma relação entre a Qualidade de Vida e a Vulnerabilidade ao Stress dos Cuidadores Formais de uma Unidade de Cuidados Continuados Integrados do Alentejo. Este estudo foi desenvolvido com uma população de 63 elementos, todos Cuidadores Formais a desempenhar funções no local de estudo já referenciado. Foi utilizada a abordagem quantitativa, que é uma metodologia de investigação de vertente epistemológica positivista. Neste estudo, foram utilizados dois instrumentos para aplicar e recolher os dados: um destinado a medir a vulnerabilidade ao stress (23 QVS) dos cuidadores formais; outro para avaliar a qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-Bref), gentilmente cedidos pelos seus autores. Os dados recolhidos, após analisados apontaram no sentido de que à medida que a qualidade de vida aumentava nos diferentes domínios, diminuía a vulnerabilidade ao stress.

COMPREENSÃO DA VULNERABILIDADE CRIMINAL FEMININA A PARTIR DA ANÁLISE DO CARÁTER

O presente estudo teve por objetivos a) identificar aspectos da história de vida pessoal, das etapas de desenvolvimento evolutivo e das relações familiares e afetivas de mulheres que cumprem pena em regime fechado, com o intuito de colher elementos significativos e contributivos para a compreensão da vulnerabilidade criminal feminina; b) realizar uma análise sistematizada do caráter, segundo abordagem de Wilhelm Reich, a partir do conteúdo do discurso clínico dessas mulheres. Para tal foram estudados três casos de mulheres reclusas em regime fechado no Centro de Ressocialização Feminino, na cidade de São José do Rio Preto, que respondem pelos artigos 33 e 35 da Lei 11343/06, que refere-se ao tráfico de drogas ilícitas e a associação para o crime, e artigo 157 do Código Penal Brasileiro, que refere-se a roubo. O conteúdo das entrevistas realizadas indicou graves dificuldades no crescimento e desenvolvimento por ambiente desfavorável e por relações psico-afetivas empobrecidas ou insatisfatórias. Encontrou-se em comum nos casos estudados, segundo uma análise reichiana, indicativos de fixação na oralidade, ou seja, traços orais insatisfatórios relacionados à primeira infância, indicando pouca referência identificatória que lhes oferecesse base para defenderem-se da realidade. Entendeu-se que tais falhas desenvolvimentais podem indicar vulnerabilidade para ações criminais como forma de defesa contra angústia, fazendo com que atuem de forma mais imediata ou impulsiva na busca de satisfação.

A Congregação Cristã no Brasil numa área de alta vulnerabilidade social no ABC paulista: aspectos de sua tradição e transmissão religiosa - a instituição e os sujeitos

Esta tese estuda a tradição e transmissão religiosa da Congregação Cristã no Brasil, numa área de maior vulnerabilidade social, a partir da instituição e dos sujeitos. A reprodução religiosa, na modernidade contemporânea, é dificultada pela capacidade diminuída das instituições religiosas de regular as crenças dos seus fiéis, e esta capacidade é analisada no caso da Congregação Cristã no Brasil, num bairro de alta vulnerabilidade social, na fronteira entre São Bernardo do Campo e Diadema. São estudadas as dimensões sociais da Congregação Cristã no Brasil, a partir de um olhar estatístico do campo pentecostal brasileiro. É analisada a realidade social local e elaborada a situação periférica específica do bairro estudado. Uma etnografia do culto da Congregação Cristã fornece os dados para análise dos atores no culto, do processo ritual, e da função do culto para a articulação da identidade religiosa. Finalmente é elaborada, a partir de entrevistas em profundidade e detida observação de campo, uma etnografia dos sujeitos membros da Congregação Cristã, homens e mulheres, em situações diferenciadas de vulnerabilidade. Analisa-se quais redes sociais, internas na Congregação Cristã no Brasil e externas, estes membros criam e até onde as doutrinas e práticas da Congregação, transmitidas no rito, dispositivo de reprodução institucional por excelência, conseguem formar a subjetividade dos seus fiéis, entendida como complexo conjunto de percepção, afeto, pensamento, desejo e medo.(AU)

Indicador de vulnerabilidade agropecuária a extremos climáticos para o nordeste do Brasil

The effects of climate change on human societies have become the focus of many researchers for their research. Understanding weather patterns (circulation of the atmosphere, precipitation, temperature) is essences for predicting extreme weather, but analyze how these extreme events act in our society and look for ways to reduce the impact caused by these events is the great challenge. Using a concept very in the humanities and social sciences to understand these impacts and the adaptation of the society's vulnerability. The objective of this work is to develop and apply a methodology for evaluating fining scale and quantify the vulnerability of the Brazilian Northeast to climatic extremes, developing a methodology that combines aspects of vulnerability to drought, as well as socioeconomic and climatic indicators used to assess exposure, ability to adaptation and the sensitivity of geographical microregions of the region. The assessment of the susceptibility or degree of exposure to risk is the regional using the SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) by the degree of magnitude dried (MD), the rate of precipitation such as PCD (Precipitation Concentration Degree) and PCP (Precipitation Period Concentration) helped characterize and regional climatology, these indices showed satisfactory results in the pilot study of Rio Grande do Norte to assess the degree of exposure to drought. Regarding sensitivity agricultural / livestock multivariate statistical technique to factor analysis showed acceptable results for the proposed model using data for the period 1990-1999 (P1). The application of the analysis of vulnerability considering the adaptive capacity, as the adaptive disability have almost similar results with much of the region's vulnerability to extreme south of Bahia state as a part of the semiarid region has a degree of vulnerability among moderate and mean

Vulnerabilidade socioambiental no município de Natal, RN

Contemporary society lives surrounded by various types of risks, causing individuals to be taken by a constant feeling of fear and insecurity, as the negative risks, always bring some harm to the population directly or indirectly involved. The city of Natal has several risk areas, especially on the outskirts of the city, due to the occupation of spaces that have laws and / or natural physical limitations as well as the lack of urban organization, thus increasing the vulnerability of the population living in these areas. The principal objective of this research was to map the areas of social vulnerability and natural hazards in Natal, taking into account the interrelationships between social vulnerability and differential exposure to natural hazards. Therefore, it was necessary to establish, according to the methodology used, the degree of social vulnerability and vulnerability to natural hazard in which individuals are subject, to establish the relationship between society/ risks. In this case, the methodology proposed by Crepani (2001) which is based on ecodynamic Tricart (1977), which classifies the areas of risk and the degree of vulnerability of these areas according to the morphodynamic processes for preparation of the Vulnerability Index was used Physical natural, and for organizing the social Vulnerability Index adopted an adaptation of the Paulista social Vulnerability Index, prepared by SEADE (Fundação Sistema Estadual de Análise de Dados) of the State of São Paulo, drawing on data that denote social disadvantage at the census tract level. Then, with the superposition of these two indices, it was elaborated a Socioenvironmental Vulnerability Index. Thus, it is concluded that besides spatialize areas of risk which indicates the degree of vulnerability of individuals potentially exposed to natural hazard.

Ocorrência de compostos de interesse emergente no aquífero Dunas-Barreiras e nos esgotos de Natal/RN

The detection of emerging interest microcontaminants in environmental samples of surface water, groundwater, drinking water, wastewater and effluents from water and sewage treatment plants (WTP and STP), in many countries, suggests these pollutants are widespread in the environment, mainly in urban areas. This is a reason for great concern, since many of these compounds are potentially harmful for humans other living beings, and they are not efficiently removed in the majority of WTP and STP, which is exacerbated by precariousness of water supply and sanitation services. In Natal, like other Brazilian cities, the sewage system serves only part of the urban area (about 30%), so that the rest of the wastewater is infiltrated in the sandy soil of the region in cesspool-dry well systems. This has resulted in contamination of groundwater in the area (sand-dune barrier aquifer, which supplies more than 50% of the city population), which has been observed by the increase in nitrate concentration in supply wells. The vulnerability of the sanddune barrier aquifer, combined with reports of the presence of emerging interest microcontaminants in Brazil and worldwide, led to this research, which investigated the occurrence of fifteen microcontaminants in Natal groundwater and sewage. Samples were collected at five wells used for water supply, the raw sewage and the effluents from biological reactors from STP (UASB and activated sludge reactors). Two samples of each sample were taken, with one week apart between the samples. To determine the contaminants, extraction of aquifer water, and raw and treated sewage samples were performed, through the technique of using SPE Strata X cartridge (Phenomenex®) to the aquifer water, and Strata SAX and Strata X (Phenomenex® ) for samples of raw and treated sewage. Subsequently the extracts were analyzed using GC-MS technique. Much of the analyzed microcontaminants were detected in groundwater and sewage. The concentrations in groundwater are generally lower than those found in the sewers. Some of the compounds (estrone, estradiol, bisphenol A, caffeine, diclofenac, naproxen, paracetamol and ibuprofen) are partially removed at STP.

Vulnerabilidade socioambiental no bairro de Mãe Luíza, Natal – RN/Brasil

This work has as object the elaboration of social environmental indicator of disaster risk that are present in precarious areas of human occupation, related to intense environmental dynamic from the perspective of the studies about the subject in Geography. The District of Mãe Luiza in Natal, capital city of Rio Grande do Norte, was defined as the study area. The place was chosen because it presents –historically- several vulnerability conditions and exposure to disaster risk. After a local social environmental description, two indexes were elaborated: the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI or IVS in Portuguese), based on 17 (seventeen) variables arranged on a questionnaire addressed to the population nucleus of the district, on regular grid (systematic sampling), classified into 5 (five) levels of SV from the weighted average; and the Physical and Natural Exposure to the Mass Movements Index (EMMI or IEMM in Portuguese) which had 16 (sixteen) variables that feature conditions of exposure to the mass movements in the district with classified levels from the weighted average of 1 (one) to 5 (five). The relationship between these two results, specialized in the district map, produced the Social Environmental Vulnerability Index (SEVI or IVSA in Portuguese) of Mãe Luiza, also classified into 5 (five) levels, following the Boolean logic correlation for cartographic overlay with use of computer software ArcGIS v.9.3, being named as: Very Low; low; average; high; and Very High Environmental Vulnerability in District. The study is based on the methodology proposed by Guerra et al (2009) for EMMI and by Almeida (2010) for SVI. They were modified and adapted according to the local reality, producing a new methodology in this study area. It was concluded that the neighborhood has most of its area with High and Very High Socio-environmental vulnerability to disasters, defined seven (7) critical areas, with Very High IVSA, and hazards associated with mass movements or flooding. In the end, the main issues that were found, such as generating elements for proposing mitigation measures and/or the proposed interventions were enumerated, related to structural order of vulnerability factors: how low constructive pattern of households; poor urban drainage; Real Estate forsaken in landslide routes; infrastructure ready access roads and slope containment. And social: as a lack of education about environmental risk; income and education of residents; presence of persons with limited mobility and/or those with special needs. This reality highlights the need for urgent action applied to the resolution and/or reduction of these problems, which is focusing the end of this work.

Trajetória de pessoas com AIDS em situação de vulnerabilidade social: à luz da história oral de vida

The epidemic caused by HIV presents a global, dynamic and unstable phenomenon, which depends on the individual and collective human behavior. Efforts to deconstruct the stigmatized image caused by infection of AIDS are still often associated with adoption of socially unacceptable behavior to be a circumscribed the susceptibilities of vulnerable individuals and communities to infection, illness and death by HIV. This study aimed to: narrate the trajectory of life of people with AIDS more vulnerable enrolled in the Municipal Social Assistance Parnamirim / RN. It is a study of qualitative, exploratory and descriptive approach, taking oral history of life as technical and methodological framework. The colony consisted of 186 people with AIDS. The network was comprised of 13 employees of both sexes, aged between 19 and 62 years old with positive diagnosis and agreed to voluntarily participate. After approval by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (CEP / UFRN), in the opinion No. 719,926 CAAE: 30408114.5.0000.5537 on 6 June 2014 data were collected from August to September 2014. The employees signed the Informed Consent and Informed and letter of assignment. Held transcribing the interviews and later returned to respondents to retest, ie so that they confer what allowed us to carry out transcreation after consecutive readings. The reports were analyzed through Bardin content analysis. Guiding the analysis of the accounts of employees, we find three themes: Prejudice and discrimination in living with AIDS; Reacting to the diagnosis and the accession process to antiretroviral treatment; and religious coping in people with AIDS. It can be concluded in this study, that employees have shown great emotional impact after positive diagnosis for HIV / AIDS, especially with regard to social life, the family ties, work and above all to the prejudice of society. Treatment with antiretroviral drugs was seen as a motivation to regain dreams and plans for a future once uncertain, and even if it is not a cure therapy, provided the employees improved quality of life.

Trajetória de pessoas com AIDS em situação de vulnerabilidade social: à luz da história oral de vida

The epidemic caused by HIV presents a global, dynamic and unstable phenomenon, which depends on the individual and collective human behavior. Efforts to deconstruct the stigmatized image caused by infection of AIDS are still often associated with adoption of socially unacceptable behavior to be a circumscribed the susceptibilities of vulnerable individuals and communities to infection, illness and death by HIV. This study aimed to: narrate the trajectory of life of people with AIDS more vulnerable enrolled in the Municipal Social Assistance Parnamirim / RN. It is a study of qualitative, exploratory and descriptive approach, taking oral history of life as technical and methodological framework. The colony consisted of 186 people with AIDS. The network was comprised of 13 employees of both sexes, aged between 19 and 62 years old with positive diagnosis and agreed to voluntarily participate. After approval by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (CEP / UFRN), in the opinion No. 719,926 CAAE: 30408114.5.0000.5537 on 6 June 2014 data were collected from August to September 2014. The employees signed the Informed Consent and Informed and letter of assignment. Held transcribing the interviews and later returned to respondents to retest, ie so that they confer what allowed us to carry out transcreation after consecutive readings. The reports were analyzed through Bardin content analysis. Guiding the analysis of the accounts of employees, we find three themes: Prejudice and discrimination in living with AIDS; Reacting to the diagnosis and the accession process to antiretroviral treatment; and religious coping in people with AIDS. It can be concluded in this study, that employees have shown great emotional impact after positive diagnosis for HIV / AIDS, especially with regard to social life, the family ties, work and above all to the prejudice of society. Treatment with antiretroviral drugs was seen as a motivation to regain dreams and plans for a future once uncertain, and even if it is not a cure therapy, provided the employees improved quality of life.

Análise do grau de proteção do Aquífero Barreiras em perímetros sob fertilização química a partir de dados hidrogeofísicos - área da bacia do Rio Catu-RN

The use of chemical fertilization in arable perimeters provides increased productivity, though it can eventually lead to a qualitative depreciation of groundwater sources, especially if such sources are unconfined in nature. In this context, this thesis presents results from an analysis of the level of natural protection of the Barreiras Aquifer in an area located on the eastern coast of the Rio Grande do Norte State - Brazil. Such an aquifer is clastic in nature and has an unconfined hydraulic character, which clearly makes it susceptible to contamination from surface ground loads with contaminants associated with the leaching of excess fertilizers not absorbed by ground vegetation. The methodology used was based on the use of hydro-geophysical data, particularly inverse models of vertical electrical soundings (VES) and information from well profiles, allowing the acquisition of longitudinal conductance cartographies (S), data in mili-Siemens (mS), and the vulnerability of the aquifer. Such maps were prepared with emphasis to the unsaturated overlying zone, highlighting in particular its thickness and occurrence of clay lithologies. Thus, the longitudinal conductance and aquifer vulnerability reveal areas more susceptible to contamination in the northeast and east-central sections of the study area, with values equal to or less than 10mS and greater than or equal to 0,50, respectively. On the other hand, the southwestern section proved to be less susceptible to contamination, whose longitudinal conductance and vulnerability indices are greater than or equal to 30mS and less than or equal to 0,40, respectively.

Análise do grau de proteção do Aquífero Barreiras em perímetros sob fertilização química a partir de dados hidrogeofísicos - área da bacia do Rio Catu-RN

The use of chemical fertilization in arable perimeters provides increased productivity, though it can eventually lead to a qualitative depreciation of groundwater sources, especially if such sources are unconfined in nature. In this context, this thesis presents results from an analysis of the level of natural protection of the Barreiras Aquifer in an area located on the eastern coast of the Rio Grande do Norte State - Brazil. Such an aquifer is clastic in nature and has an unconfined hydraulic character, which clearly makes it susceptible to contamination from surface ground loads with contaminants associated with the leaching of excess fertilizers not absorbed by ground vegetation. The methodology used was based on the use of hydro-geophysical data, particularly inverse models of vertical electrical soundings (VES) and information from well profiles, allowing the acquisition of longitudinal conductance cartographies (S), data in mili-Siemens (mS), and the vulnerability of the aquifer. Such maps were prepared with emphasis to the unsaturated overlying zone, highlighting in particular its thickness and occurrence of clay lithologies. Thus, the longitudinal conductance and aquifer vulnerability reveal areas more susceptible to contamination in the northeast and east-central sections of the study area, with values equal to or less than 10mS and greater than or equal to 0,50, respectively. On the other hand, the southwestern section proved to be less susceptible to contamination, whose longitudinal conductance and vulnerability indices are greater than or equal to 30mS and less than or equal to 0,40, respectively.