The Role of Video Based Content Marketing as a Part of Modern Marketing Communications

The thesis studies the role of video based content marketing as a part of modern marketing communications.

Green aspects study in game development

Context: Game development has become increasingly important in the software industry, but this importance has not affected the way software engineering approaches and methodologies manage the differences they have with game development. Similarly, software engineering does not fully support sustainability practices, causing this element to often not be considered or even known as a requirement for a development lifecycle. Goal: The aim of this thesis is to study the mode in which games are developed, and the involved sustainable aspects and the relevant concerns regarding the migration processes. Method: A quantitative study was conducted, gathering 33 answers of game professionals from four continents, from administrative (25%) and technical oriented positions (75%). Results: Three trends were observed: 1) Agile process models are used, 2) major concerns for mobile development and digital marketing, 3) minor concerns for eco-impact elements and certain development phases such as testing and crunch time development. Conclusion: Traditional Software engineering would require a major change on its processes and models to fit with modern agile development, game development approaches and sustainable requirements.

Fenomenologinen tutkimus video-EEG potilaiden kohtauskokemuksista

Tässä fenomenologisessa tutkimuksessa kuvaillaan Video-EEG –tutkimukseen (VEEG) tulevien potilaiden kokemuksia kohtauksistaan. Tutkimusasetelmana on käytetty fenomenologiseen psykologiaan kuuluvaa Giorgin menetelmää soveltaen sitä hoitotieteen tutkimukseen. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kuvailla neurologisten kohtausoireiden vuoksi VEEG-tutkimukseen tulleiden potilaiden kokemuksia kohtauksistaan ja tunnistaa sekä kuvailla kokemukseen liittyviä tekijöitä. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli lisäta terveydenhoitohenkilökunnan ymmärrystä neurologisia kohtausoireita saavien ihmisten ohjaustarpeista. Materiaali kerättiin kahdeksalta potilaalta avoimilla haastatteluilla ja analysoitiin Giorgin analyysimenetelmällä. Aineistoon yhdistettiin kliinisen neurofysiologin lausunto ja muodostettiin kokemuskertomukset. Aineistosta tunnistettiin fenomenologista reduktiota käyttäen keskeiset kohtauksiin ja sairauteen liittyvät kokemukset. Käsitteiden suhdetta toisiinsa ja merkitystä sopeutumiselle analysoitiin käyttäen apuna Uncertainty in illness -mallia. Keskeisten kokemusten pohjalta toteutettiin kirjallisuushaku, jonka tuloksia reflektoitiin tämän tutkimuksen tuloksiin. Aineistosta muodostui kolme erillistä kokemuskertomusta: kertomus konkreettisista tapahtumista, kokemus hallinnan menettämisestä ja kokemus sairauden kanssa elämisesta. Keskeisiksi kokemussisällöiksi tunnistettiin kokemus terveysongelman hallinnasta, kokemus hallinnan menettämisestä, kokemus ympäristön negatiivisesta suhtautumisesta ja huoli läheisistä. Aikaisempaa tutkimusta löytyi kokemuksista terveysongelman hallinnasta ja hallinnan menetyksestä sekä ympäristön suhtautumisesta.

Fenomenologinen tutkimus video-EEG potilaiden kohtauskokemuksista

Tässä fenomenologisessa tutkimuksessa kuvaillaan Video-EEG –tutkimukseen (VEEG) tulevien potilaiden kokemuksia kohtauksistaan. Tutkimusasetelmana on käytetty fenomenologiseen psykologiaan kuuluvaa Giorgin menetelmää soveltaen sitä hoitotieteen tutkimukseen. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli kuvailla neurologisten kohtausoireiden vuoksi VEEGtutkimukseen tulleiden potilaiden kokemuksia kohtauksistaan ja tunnistaa sekä kuvailla kokemukseen liittyviä tekijöitä. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli lisätä terveydenhoitohenkilökunnan ymmärrystä neurologisia kohtausoireita saavien ihmisten ohjaustarpeista. Materiaali kerättiin kahdeksalta potilaalta avoimilla haastatteluilla ja analysoitiin Giorgin analyysimenetelmällä. Aineistoon yhdistettiin kliinisen neurofysiologin lausunto ja muodostettiin kokemuskertomukset. Aineistosta tunnistettiin fenomenologista reduktiota käyttäen keskeiset kohtauksiin ja sairauteen liittyvät kokemukset. Käsitteiden suhdetta toisiinsa ja merkitystä sopeutumiselle analysoitiin käyttäen apuna Uncertainty in illness -mallia. Keskeisten kokemusten pohjalta toteutettiin kirjallisuushaku, jonka tuloksia reflektoitiin tämän tutkimuksen tuloksiin. Aineistosta muodostui kolme erillistä kokemuskertomusta: kertomus konkreettisista tapahtumista, kokemus hallinnan menettämisestä ja kokemus sairauden kanssa elämisestä. Keskeisiksi kokemussisällöiksi tunnistettiin kokemus terveysongelman hallinnasta, kokemus hallinnan menettämisestä, kokemus ympäristön negatiivisesta suhtautumisesta ja huoli läheisistä. Aikaisempaa tutkimusta löytyi kokemuksista terveysongelman hallinnasta ja hallinnan menetyksestä sekä ympäristön suhtautumisesta.

Customer involvement in lean startup principles: case of game development studio

The objective of this thesis is to better understand customer’s role in lean startup methodology. The aim is to find out how customers are involved in lean startup methodology implantation and increase the likelihood of new venture survival. This study emphasizes the usage of customers in shaping of new product development processes within companies, through iteration and constant communication. This communication facilitates the development of features that are requested by the customers and enhances the prospects of the new venture. The empirical part of the study is a single qualitative case study that uses action research to implement the lean startup methodology into a pre-revenue venture and examines its customer involvement processes. The studied case company is Karaoke d.o.o., developing a game called kParty. The study used the theory discussed in the literature review: customer involvement (in the survey and interviews conducted for the lean startup methodology), lean principles (through the implementation of lean startup methodology) and lean startup methodology, which are the central building parts of this thesis as a whole. The thesis contributes to the understanding of customer involvement in lean startup methodology, while giving practical implications of customer orientation and product market fitting.

Automatic recognition of fish from video sequences

The problem of automatic recognition of the fish from the video sequences is discussed in this Master’s Thesis. This is a very urgent issue for many organizations engaged in fish farming in Finland and Russia because the process of automation control and counting of individual species is turning point in the industry. The difficulties and the specific features of the problem have been identified in order to find a solution and propose some recommendations for the components of the automated fish recognition system. Methods such as background subtraction, Kalman filtering and Viola-Jones method were implemented during this work for detection, tracking and estimation of fish parameters. Both the results of the experiments and the choice of the appropriate methods strongly depend on the quality and the type of a video which is used as an input data. Practical experiments have demonstrated that not all methods can produce good results for real data, whereas on synthetic data they operate satisfactorily.

Socially shared metacognitive regulation during collaborative learning processes in student dyads and small groups

Traditionally metacognition has been theorised, methodologically studied and empirically tested from the standpoint mainly of individuals and their learning contexts. In this dissertation the emergence of metacognition is analysed more broadly. The aim of the dissertation was to explore socially shared metacognitive regulation (SSMR) as part of collaborative learning processes taking place in student dyads and small learning groups. The specific aims were to extend the concept of individual metacognition to SSMR, to develop methods to capture and analyse SSMR and to validate the usefulness of the concept of SSMR in two different learning contexts; in face-to-face student dyads solving mathematical word problems and also in small groups taking part in inquiry-based science learning in an asynchronous computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) environment. This dissertation is comprised of four studies. In Study I, the main aim was to explore if and how metacognition emerges during problem solving in student dyads and then to develop a method for analysing the social level of awareness, monitoring, and regulatory processes emerging during the problem solving. Two dyads comprised of 10-year-old students who were high-achieving especially in mathematical word problem solving and reading comprehension were involved in the study. An in-depth case analysis was conducted. Data consisted of over 16 (30–45 minutes) videotaped and transcribed face-to-face sessions. The dyads solved altogether 151 mathematical word problems of different difficulty levels in a game-format learning environment. The interaction flowchart was used in the analysis to uncover socially shared metacognition. Interviews (also stimulated recall interviews) were conducted in order to obtain further information about socially shared metacognition. The findings showed the emergence of metacognition in a collaborative learning context in a way that cannot solely be explained by individual conception. The concept of socially-shared metacognition (SSMR) was proposed. The results highlighted the emergence of socially shared metacognition specifically in problems where dyads encountered challenges. Small verbal and nonverbal signals between students also triggered the emergence of socially shared metacognition. Additionally, one dyad implemented a system whereby they shared metacognitive regulation based on their strengths in learning. Overall, the findings suggested that in order to discover patterns of socially shared metacognition, it is important to investigate metacognition over time. However, it was concluded that more research on socially shared metacognition, from larger data sets, is needed. These findings formed the basis of the second study. In Study II, the specific aim was to investigate whether socially shared metacognition can be reliably identified from a large dataset of collaborative face-to-face mathematical word problem solving sessions by student dyads. We specifically examined different difficulty levels of tasks as well as the function and focus of socially shared metacognition. Furthermore, the presence of observable metacognitive experiences at the beginning of socially shared metacognition was explored. Four dyads participated in the study. Each dyad was comprised of high-achieving 10-year-old students, ranked in the top 11% of their fourth grade peers (n=393). Dyads were from the same data set as in Study I. The dyads worked face-to-face in a computer-supported, game-format learning environment. Problem-solving processes for 251 tasks at three difficulty levels taking place during 56 (30–45 minutes) lessons were video-taped and analysed. Baseline data for this study were 14 675 turns of transcribed verbal and nonverbal behaviours observed in four study dyads. The micro-level analysis illustrated how participants moved between different channels of communication (individual and interpersonal). The unit of analysis was a set of turns, referred to as an ‘episode’. The results indicated that socially shared metacognition and its function and focus, as well as the appearance of metacognitive experiences can be defined in a reliable way from a larger data set by independent coders. A comparison of the different difficulty levels of the problems suggested that in order to trigger socially shared metacognition in small groups, the problems should be more difficult, as opposed to moderately difficult or easy. Although socially shared metacognition was found in collaborative face-to-face problem solving among high-achieving student dyads, more research is needed in different contexts. This consideration created the basis of the research on socially shared metacognition in Studies III and IV. In Study III, the aim was to expand the research on SSMR from face-to-face mathematical problem solving in student dyads to inquiry-based science learning among small groups in an asynchronous computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) environment. The specific aims were to investigate SSMR’s evolvement and functions in a CSCL environment and to explore how SSMR emerges at different phases of the inquiry process. Finally, individual student participation in SSMR during the process was studied. An in-depth explanatory case study of one small group of four girls aged 12 years was carried out. The girls attended a class that has an entrance examination and conducts a language-enriched curriculum. The small group solved complex science problems in an asynchronous CSCL environment, participating in research-like processes of inquiry during 22 lessons (á 45–minute). Students’ network discussion were recorded in written notes (N=640) which were used as study data. A set of notes, referred to here as a ‘thread’, was used as the unit of analysis. The inter-coder agreement was regarded as substantial. The results indicated that SSMR emerges in a small group’s asynchronous CSCL inquiry process in the science domain. Hence, the results of Study III were in line with the previous Study I and Study II and revealed that metacognition cannot be reduced to the individual level alone. The findings also confirm that SSMR should be examined as a process, since SSMR can evolve during different phases and that different SSMR threads overlapped and intertwined. Although the classification of SSMR’s functions was applicable in the context of CSCL in a small group, the dominant function was different in the asynchronous CSCL inquiry in the small group in a science activity than in mathematical word problem solving among student dyads (Study II). Further, the use of different analytical methods provided complementary findings about students’ participation in SSMR. The findings suggest that it is not enough to code just a single written note or simply to examine who has the largest number of notes in the SSMR thread but also to examine the connections between the notes. As the findings of the present study are based on an in-depth analysis of a single small group, further cases were examined in Study IV, as well as looking at the SSMR’s focus, which was also studied in a face-to-face context. In Study IV, the general aim was to investigate the emergence of SSMR with a larger data set from an asynchronous CSCL inquiry process in small student groups carrying out science activities. The specific aims were to study the emergence of SSMR in the different phases of the process, students’ participation in SSMR, and the relation of SSMR’s focus to the quality of outcomes, which was not explored in previous studies. The participants were 12-year-old students from the same class as in Study III. Five small groups consisting of four students and one of five students (N=25) were involved in the study. The small groups solved ill-defined science problems in an asynchronous CSCL environment, participating in research-like processes of inquiry over a total period of 22 hours. Written notes (N=4088) detailed the network discussions of the small groups and these constituted the study data. With these notes, SSMR threads were explored. As in Study III, the thread was used as the unit of analysis. In total, 332 notes were classified as forming 41 SSMR threads. Inter-coder agreement was assessed by three coders in the different phases of the analysis and found to be reliable. Multiple methods of analysis were used. Results showed that SSMR emerged in all the asynchronous CSCL inquiry processes in the small groups. However, the findings did not reveal any significantly changing trend in the emergence of SSMR during the process. As a main trend, the number of notes included in SSMR threads differed significantly in different phases of the process and small groups differed from each other. Although student participation was seen as highly dispersed between the students, there were differences between students and small groups. Furthermore, the findings indicated that the amount of SSMR during the process or participation structure did not explain the differences in the quality of outcomes for the groups. Rather, when SSMRs were focused on understanding and procedural matters, it was associated with achieving high quality learning outcomes. In turn, when SSMRs were focused on incidental and procedural matters, it was associated with low level learning outcomes. Hence, the findings imply that the focus of any emerging SSMR is crucial to the quality of the learning outcomes. Moreover, the findings encourage the use of multiple research methods for studying SSMR. In total, the four studies convincingly indicate that a phenomenon of socially shared metacognitive regulation also exists. This means that it was possible to define the concept of SSMR theoretically, to investigate it methodologically and to validate it empirically in two different learning contexts across dyads and small groups. In-depth micro-level case analysis in Studies I and III showed the possibility to capture and analyse in detail SSMR during the collaborative process, while in Studies II and IV, the analysis validated the emergence of SSMR in larger data sets. Hence, validation was tested both between two environments and within the same environments with further cases. As a part of this dissertation, SSMR’s detailed functions and foci were revealed. Moreover, the findings showed the important role of observable metacognitive experiences as the starting point of SSMRs. It was apparent that problems dealt with by the groups should be rather difficult if SSMR is to be made clearly visible. Further, individual students’ participation was found to differ between students and groups. The multiple research methods employed revealed supplementary findings regarding SSMR. Finally, when SSMR was focused on understanding and procedural matters, this was seen to lead to higher quality learning outcomes. Socially shared metacognition regulation should therefore be taken into consideration in students’ collaborative learning at school similarly to how an individual’s metacognition is taken into account in individual learning.

Exploring business models for medical games: Key components and challenges

The costs of health care are going up in many countries. In order to provide affordable and effective health care solutions, new technologies and approaches are constantly being developed. In this research, video games are presented as a possible solution to the problem. Video games are fun, and nowadays most people like to spend time on them. In addition, recent studies have pointed out that video games can have notable health benefits. Health games have already been developed, used in practice, and researched. However, the bulk of health game studies have been concerned with the design or the effectiveness of the games; no actual business studies have been conducted on the subject, even though health games often lack commercial success despite their health benefits. This thesis seeks to fill this gap. The specific aim of this thesis is to develop a conceptual business model framework and empirically use it in explorative medical game business model research. In the first stage of this research, a literature review was conducted and the existing literature analyzed and synthesized into a conceptual business model framework consisting of six dimensions. The motivation behind the synthesis is the ongoing ambiguity around the business model concept. In the second stage, 22 semi-structured interviews were conducted with different professionals within the value network for medical games. The business model framework was present in all stages of the empirical research: First, in the data collection stage, the framework acted as a guiding instrument, focusing the interview process. Then, the interviews were coded and analyzed using the framework as a structure. The results were then reported following the structure of the framework. In the results, the interviewees highlighted several important considerations and issues for medical games concerning the six dimensions of the business model framework. Based on the key findings of this research, several key components of business models for medical games were identified and illustrated in a single figure. Furthermore, five notable challenges for business models for medical games were presented, and possible solutions for the challenges were postulated. Theoretically, these findings provide pioneering information on the untouched subject of business models for medical games. Moreover, the conceptual business model framework and its use in the novel context of medical games provide a contribution to the business model literature. Regarding practice, this thesis further accentuates that medical games can offer notable benefits to several stakeholder groups and offers advice to companies seeking to commercialize these games.

Digital Exhaustion in relation to Video Games – The Consumer Perspective

This thesis regards exhaustion of copyright’s distribution right in intangible transfers of video games. It analyses whether, under the current law of the European Union, the phenomenon of digital exhaustion, especially in relation to games exists. The thesis analyses the consumers’ position in the market for copyright protected goods. It uses video games market as an example of the wider phenomenon of the effect of latest technological developments on consumers. The research conducted for the thesis is mostly legal dogmatic, although also comparative analysis, law and economics and law and technology methods are utilised. The thesis evaluates the effects of the most recent case law of the European Court of Justice to analyse the current state of digital exhaustion. In the analysis of effects that the existence of digital exhaustion has, the thesis uses the consumers’ point of view. The thesis introduces the current state of technology in the field of video games from a legal perspective. Furthermore the thesis analyses the effects on consumers of a scenario that no digital exhaustion exists in the future. Such scenario under the recent European case law at the moment seems realistic. The conclusion of my research is most importantly that the consumer position in the market for digital goods has deteriorated and that the probable exclusion of the exhaustion for digital goods is another piece of evidence of this development. Most importantly however, the state of affairs where no certainty prevails on whether digital exhaustion exists, creates injustice from the consumers’ point of view. Accordingly, acts by EU legislators of the Court of Justice of the European Union are required to clarify the issue.

The role of business model in computer game development organizations

The computer game industry has grown steadily for years, and in revenues it can be compared to the music and film industries. The game industry has been moving to digital distribution. Computer gaming and the concept of business model are discussed among industrial practitioners and the scientific community. The significance of the business model concept has increased in the scientific literature recently, although there is still a lot of discussion going on on the concept. In the thesis, the role of the business model in the computer game industry is studied. Computer game developers, designers, project managers and organization leaders in 11 computer game companies were interviewed. The data was analyzed to identify the important elements of computer game business model, how the business model concept is perceived and how the growth of the organization affects the business model. It was identified that the importance of human capital is crucial to the business. As games are partly a product of creative thinking also innovation and the creative process are highly valued. The same applies to technical skills when performing various activities. Marketing and customer relationships are also considered as key elements in the computer game business model. Financing and partners are important especially for startups, when the organization is dependent on external funding and third party assets. The results of this study provide organizations with improved understanding on how the organization is built and what business model elements are weighted.

Critical elements underpinning the emergence of the medical game ecosystem: gamifying traumatic brain injury rehabilitation in Finland

The healthcare sector is currently in the verge of a reform and thus, the medical game research provide an interesting area of research. The aim of this study is to explore the critical elements underpinning the emergence of the medical game ecosystem with three sub-objectives: (1) to seek who are the key actors involved in the medical game ecosystem and identify their needs, (2) to scrutinise what types of resources are required in medical game development and what types of relationships are needed to secure those resources, and (3) to identify the existing institutions (‘the rules of the game’) affecting the emergence of the medical game ecosystem. The theoretical background consists of service ecosystems literature. The empirical study conducted is based on the semi-structured theme interviews of 25 experts in three relevant fields: games and technology, health and funding. The data was analysed through a theoretical framework that was designed based upon service ecosystems literature. The study proposes that the key actors are divided into five groups: medical game companies, customers, funders, regulatory parties and complementors. Their needs are linked to improving patient motivation and enhancing the healthcare processes resulting in lower costs. Several types of resources, especially skills and knowledge, are required to create a medical game. To gain access to those resources, medical game companies need to build complex networks of relationships. Proficiency in managing those value networks is crucial. In addition, the company should take into account the underlying institutions in the healthcare sector affecting the medical game ecosystem. Three crucial institutions were identified: validation, lack of innovation supporting structures in healthcare and the rising consumerisation. Based on the findings, medical games cannot be made in isolation. A developmental trajectory model of the emerging medical game ecosystem was created based on the empirical data. The relevancy of relationships and resources is dependent on the trajectory that the medical game company at that time resides. Furthermore, creating an official and documented database for clinically valdated medical games was proposed to establish the medical game market and ensure an adequate status for the effective medical games. Finally, ecosystems approach provides interesting future opportunities for research on medical game ecosystems.

Viable Health Games: Elements for Success

The main purpose of this study is to identify the elements of children's health games that have a positive impact on children’s health. The investigation is done by evaluating previous health game studies concentrating on children and five health affairs (such as asthma, cancer, diabetes, nutrition and obesity). In order to do so, firstly the topic of children’s health games is explained through its roots, as it is an interdisciplinary topic pertinent with many other fields. For this reason, the topics regarding the children’s health games as games, video games, children’s gameplay, and serious games along with health, relevant health affairs, and health promotion were covered. Secondly, the meta-study was conducted with the 56 articles on children’s health games. These 56 articles were analyzed with the coding technique defined by Charmaz’s Grounded Theory Method (Charmaz, 2006) for finding out which elements of children’s health games have a positive impact on children’s health promotion. The main result suggests that, although there are 24 different elements found and listed which all positive in their nature, their positive impact is a matter of how they are used or implemented through the consumption cycle of children’s health games and how all these elements interact with each other. In addition to this, a pragmatic proposal is formulated for possibly better or more successful health games. The study concludes with the declaration of the limitations encountered through the research and the recommendations for future research.

Viable Health Games: Elements for Success

The main purpose of this study is to identify the elements of children's health games that have a positive impact on children’s health. The investigation is done by evaluating previous health game studies concentrating on children and five health affairs (such as asthma, cancer, diabetes, nutrition and obesity). In order to do so, firstly the topic of children’s health games is explained through its roots, as it is an interdisciplinary topic pertinent with many other fields. For this reason, the topics regarding the children’s health games as games, video games, children’s gameplay, and serious games along with health, relevant health affairs, and health promotion were covered. Secondly, the meta-study was conducted with the 56 articles on children’s health games. These 56 articles were analyzed with the coding technique defined by Charmaz’s Grounded Theory Method (Charmaz, 2006) for finding out which elements of children’s health games have a positive impact on children’s health promotion. The main result suggests that, although there are 24 different elements found and listed which all positive in their nature, their positive impact is a matter of how they are used or implemented through the consumption cycle of children’s health games and how all these elements interact with each other. In addition to this, a pragmatic proposal is formulated for possibly better or more successful health games. The study concludes with the declaration of the limitations encountered through the research and the recommendations for future research.

TEHOHOITAJIEN KIVUN ARVIOINNIN OSAAMINEN – Tehohoitopotilaille kehitetyn kivunarviointimittarin käytön oppiminen video-opetuksen avulla.

Tehohoitopotilaan kivun arvioiminen on usein haastavaa, johtuen potilaan kyvyttömyydestä kommunikoida. Kivun arvioinnin avuksi onkin tästä syystä kehitetty käyttäytymiseen perustuvia kipumittareita. Tehohoitajilla on keskeinen asema kivun arvioinnissa, mutta tutkimusten perusteella tehohoitajien kivun arvioinnin osaaminen on puutteellista niin tietojen kuin taitojen osalta ja heillä on ennakkoasenteita kivun arviointiin liittyen. Tehohoitajien kouluttaminen kivun arviointiin liittyen on tärkeä keino tehohoitopotilaan kivun arvioinnin edistämisessä. Koulutuksen tulee kuitenkin olla helposti saatavilla, ottaen huomioon hoitotodellisuuden siihen tuomat haasteet. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli arvioida video-opetuksen vaikutusta tehohoitajien tietoihin ja taitoihin tehohoitopotilaalle kehitetyn Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT)-kipumittarin käyttöön liittyen, sekä kuvailla tehohoitajien kokemuksia video-opetuksesta oppimismenetelmänä. Yhdeltä teho-osastolta 48 tehohoitajaa katsoi tutkimusta varten kehitetyn CPOT-opetusvideon, jonka jälkeen he arvioivat kahden potilaan kipua CPOT-kipumittarilla, tutkijan tehdessä samanaikaisesti rinnakkaisarvioinnit potilaista. Arviointien jälkeen tehohoitajat tekivät tietotestin ja täyttivät CPOT-arviointilomakkeen. Tehohoitajien CPOT-kipumittarin käyttötaitoja arvioitiin tarkastelemalla tehohoitajien ja tutkijan tekemien kivunarviointien yhdenmukaisuutta interrater reliabiliteettilaskelmin. Kaksikymmentä tehohoitajaa haastateltiin heidän kokemuksista oppimismenetelmään liittyen. Haastattelut analysoitiin deduktiivisella temaattisella analyysillä. Tehohoitajat oppivat CPOT-kipumittarin käytön periaatteet ja kokivat oppineensa mittarin käytön, mutta interrater reliabiliteetti suhteessa tutkijan tekemiin kivun arviointeihin oli keskinkertainen. Video-opetus koettiin positiivisena, vaikkakin vuorovaikutuksellisuutta kaivattiin. Tutkimus osoitti video-opetuksen olevan käyttökelpoinen oppimismenetelmä CPOT-kipumittarin käytön periaatteiden oppimiseen, mutta parempien käyttötaitojen saavuttaminen vaatii lisäharjoittelua. Koska tehohoitajien subjektiivinen arvio käyttötaidoista ei välttämättä vastaa todellisia käyttötaitoja, oleellista olisi varmistaa myös objektiivisesti mittarin käyttötaidot koulutuksen jälkeen. Jatkossa tulisi tutkia käytäntöön soveltuvia keinoja varmistaa mittarin käyttötaidot, sekä teho-osastojen oppimiskulttuuria ja tehohoitajien motivaatiota ja asenteita työhön liittyvään oppimiseen.