Instrução verbal: solicitar foco de atenção não garante sua adoção e melhor desempenho

The purposes of this study were to investigate a) the effect of redundant and non-redundant instruction on external focus of attention adoption, b) the effect of adopting an external focus of attention on performance in a front crawl swimming task, and c) the effect of redundancy in the wording of a verbal instruction on the above variables. 43 college students (m/f) aged 17 to 46 swam 25 m crawl at maximum speed, once under each of three conditions: without focus instruction (SF), following a focus instruction (CF) and a redundant focus instruction (CFR), in counterbalanced order. For focus adoption control, after completing the task participants were asked about what they had focused on while swimming. As a measure of performance, time and number of strokes were taken and the stroke index was calculated. The results showed that under redundant focus instruction (CFR) condition, 42 % failed to adopt the attentional focus as asked, and following focus (CF) instruction, 23 %. Under CF condition, the frequency of participants that adopted the focus was higher than of those who did not. Performance did not differ significantly among the three conditions (p>0,05). These findings stress the need of manipulation checks in attentional focus research, regarding both performance and motor learning efficiency, as well as the need for further investigation into the relation between instruction extension and performance.

Verbal and visual stimulation effects on rectus femoris and biceps femoris muscles during isometric and concentric

Abstract Background: Coactivation may be both desirable (injury prevention) or undesirable (strength measurement). In this context, different styles of muscle strength stimulus have being investigated. In this study we evaluated the effects of verbal and visual stimulation on rectus femoris and biceps femoris muscles contraction during isometric and concentric. Methods: We investigated 13 men (age =23.1 ± 3.8 years old; body mass =75.6 ± 9.1 kg; height =1.8 ± 0.07 m). We used the isokinetic dynamometer BIODEX device and an electromyographic (EMG) system. We evaluated the maximum isometric and isokinetic knee extension and flexion at 60°/s. The following conditions were evaluated: without visual nor verbal command (control); verbal command; visual command and; verbal and visual command. In relation to the concentric contraction, the volunteers performed five reciprocal and continuous contractions at 60°/s. With respect to isometric contractions it was made three contractions of five seconds for flexion and extension in a period of one minute. Results: We found that the peak torque during isometric flexion was higher in the subjects in the VVC condition (p > 0.05). In relation to muscle coactivation, the subjects presented higher values at the control condition (p > 0.05). Conclusion We suggest that this type of stimulus is effective for the lower limbs.

Blinda personers icke-verbala kommunikation : studier om kroppsspråk, icke-verbal samtalsreglering och icke-verbala uttryck

The purpose of this thesis is to deepen the understanding of grown-up blind people’s non-verbal communication, including body expressions and paralinguistic (voice) expressions. More specifically, the thesis includes the following three studies: Blind people’s different forms of body expressions, blind people’s non-verbal conversation regulation and blind people’s experience of their own non-verbal expressions. The focus has been on the blind participants’ competence and on their subjective perspectives. I have also compared congenitally and adventitiously blind in all of the studies. The approach is mainly phenomenological and the qualitative empirical phenomenological psychological method is the primary methodological source of inspiration. Fourteen blind persons (and also some sigthed persons) participated. They have no other obvious disability than the blindness and their ages vary between 18 and 54. Data in the first two studies consisted of video recordings and data in the last study consisted of interviews. The overall results can be summarized in the following three points: 1. There are (almost) only similarities between the congenitally blind and adventitiously blind persons concerning their paralinguistic expressions. 2. There are mainly similarities between the two groups with respect to the occurrences of different body expressive forms. 3. There are also some differences between the groups. For example, the congenitally blind persons seem to have a limited ability to use the body in an abstract and symbolic way and they often mentioned that they have been told that their body expressions deviate from sighted people’s norms. But the persons in both groups also struggle to see themselves as unique persons who express themselves on the basis of their conditions and their previous experiences.

La comunicación no verbal en la mediación familiar

[ES] El trabajo que presentamos intenta aportar que la Comunicación no Verbal puede ser un instrumento a tener en cuenta en el proceso de la comunicación en su conjunto y donde se intenta medir, a través de un cuestionario (CUVALECORME), la valoración de la comunicación no verbal como herramienta de trabajo en la mediación familiar. Para la elaboración y desarrollo de este estudio, hemos conformado un marco teórico-conceptual con la aportación de diferentes autores que han tratado y analizado el lenguaje corporal. Citamos entre otros, a Parkinson (2005), Mehabian (1972), Cabana (2003), Günter (1995), Pinazu y Musitu (1993), Mucchiello (1998), Berlo (1969), Watzlawick (1974), Polaino y Martínez (1990) y Hervés (1998). Los resultados obtenidos muestran, a pesar de las limitaciones teóricas y metodológicas, una línea de trabajo que nos permiten señalar posturas a favor de la Valoración de la Comunicación no Verbal como Herramienta de Trabajo en la Mediación Familiar. De dichos resultados destacamos el obtenido en el total de niveles de valoración del CUVALECORME, donde el 78,9% de opinión consideran a la Comunicación no Verbal como una Herramienta de Trabajo en la Mediación Familiar, frente a un porcentaje del 21,1% de opiniones desfavorables.

Non-verbal markers of modality and evidentiality in MarENG

[EN] This article examines a variety of options for expressing speaker and writer stance in a subcorpus of MarENG, a maritime English learning tool sponsored by the EU (35,041 words). Non-verbal markers related to key areas of modal expression are presented; (1)epistemic adverbs and adverbial expressions, (2) epistemic adjectives, (3) deontic adjectives, (4) evidential adverbs, (5) evidential adjectives, (6) evidential interpersonal markers, and (7) single adverbials conveying the speaker’s attitudes, feelings or value judgments. The overall aim is to present an overview of how these non-verbal markers operate in this LSP genre.

Los mediadores desde la perspectiva del lenguaje no verbal

[ES] Tal y como argumentó Mehrabian (1972) en sus investigaciones: En la contribución no verbal recae el 55% del peso del proceso comunicativo del ser humano, un 38% a la voz (entonación, latencia, ritmo...) y tan sólo un 7% pertenece al lenguaje verbal o articulado. Es por ello que antes de entrar a la sala de la mediación, es primordial dominar las técnicas del lenguaje no verbal y así comprender más y mejor a los mediados. 

Diseño e implementación de un conjugador verbal como aplicación Android

[ES]Desarrollo de una aplicación Android con un diseño de interfaz de usuario para smartphones y otro para tabletas cuya finalidad es mostrar información acerca del verbo introducido por el usuario. Por un lado, sería la visualización de todas las formas verbales que posee el verbo, las cuáles son obtenidas de una serie de servicios remotos pertenecientes al grupo TIP (Text & Information Processing) y que deberán ser tratadas antes de ser visualizadas. Y, por otro lado, la información que nos permitirá identificar al verbo, las definiciones de sus posibles significados y notas asociadas a la forma de conjugarse. Esta información, en cambio, se obtendrá de una serie de servicios locales en la propia aplicación basado en ficheros de texto.

El lenguaje no verbal de los mediadores/as

[ES]La información que transmitimos en nuestro proceso comunicativo es de un 93% de lenguaje no verbal. Solamente el lenguaje articulado es de un 7%