Gestão ambiental aplicada a prevenção, controle e recuperação de erosão linear acelerada no município de Ipeúna-SP

The erosion is a natural process of detachment, transport and deposition of soil and rock particles from one place to another. Human activities with no previous planning may accelerate this process, causing several damages to the environment and to society. In order to control the acceleration of these erosion processes caused by humans, prevention and improvement initiatives emerge. Regarding works which interfere directly in some of the natural resources, these initiatives must respect the intrinsic physical properties of the area of interest, if they aim to obtain effective results. Based on this scenario, this work proposes a few methods of accelerated linear erosion prevention, control and recovery in a specific area of the municipal district of Ipeúna (SP). For that matter, this study is based on a method of physiographic compartmentalization of the area, considering and integrating soil, relief, geology and the use and land cover properties of the study area. Plus, a flowchart with general orientations regarding management of eroded areas was produced, focused on the control and recovery of linear erosion. The result demonstrates the importance of careful erosion control, respecting the physical properties of each physiographic unit. The vegetative and mechanical conservationists methods, and the discipline of water flow, have found wide applicability in the study area.

Análise ambiental da problemática relacionada à falta de água no município de Itu, SP

The water resources scarceness in world become more evident and worried everyday, because the occurrence of water waste, without consider context of potable water deficit, period of long dryness, resource distribution and population density, urban concentration, industrial and rural areas, pollution process, contamination, beyond aspect related to sanitation and public health affect an entire population. At Itu city, this problem is already real, the population face the lack of water risk in dryness period, damaging their life quality and the city economic development, because Itu is a touristic city that has a mixed economy with activities in business dealing, agriculture and industrial department, all conect to water consumption.

Geotecnologias na avaliação da suscetibilidade a movimentos de massa no município de Várzea Paulista (SP)

The disordered occupation in several cities in Brazil, is very common, especially during the rainy season, there are numerous cases of gravitational mass movements, with deads of human and builds destruction. The main objective of this work was to identify and map areas to mass movements, through the geo, the municipality of Várzea Paulista, the state of Sao Paulo. For the purpose, were prepared thematic maps of slope, geology, pedology, geomorphology and land use and occupation, which were overlaid using ArcGIS GIS Multicriteria Analysis. Each subject received a weight of influence to the outbreak of such processes and the final result was obtained map of susceptibility to mass movements of the city of Várzea Paulista. This survey found that there are many occupied areas within the city that require monitoring of the Government, especially in the rainy months, because they are in very fragile in terms of geological and geomorphological features. Considering that the data on the physical and natural aspects are scarce in the literature for this region, the results obtained in this study as well as the gathering of information of the physical and cartographic products developed, will greatly contribute to the administration of the municipality, subsidies they provide for the proper use planning and land tenure, pointing out the weak areas of the city geotechnical point of view

Diagnóstico ambiental das áreas de expansão urbana do município de Jaguariúna - SP

The spatial chaotic urban growth is an increasing and common problem in Brazilian cities, especially in the State of São Paulo. In order to assist the territorial expansion planning, the present study aimed to conduct the environmental diagnosis of urban expansion areas in the City of Jaguariúna – SP, bounded by the Municipal Plan. From the preparation and analysis of thematic maps, literature review and field analysis, data were collected for use and occupation, geology, geomorphology, pedology, vegetation, water resources and features surrounding the five urban sprawl existing areas. It was noted, in general, that these areas are suitable for urban occupation, since they show flat geomorphology characteristics, with flattened, medium to large hills, slightly undulated, with low slope, and soils that do not present risks to the deployment of buildings, once properly managed. It was also observed a few water bodies crossing these areas and a few areas with native vegetation beyond permanent protection areas along the rivers. By the analysis of these areas and their surroundings, it was possible to determine on which area the urbanization process can occur more quickly. Thus, the study allows the City of Jaguariúna to perform a more effective occupation planning in these areas, always aiming the sustainable development and, consequently, the improvement in population’s quality of life, as well as the maintenance of environmental quality.

O Sistema de Gestão Ambiental e sua contribuição socioambiental para a biblioteca central da UNESP, Campus Rio Claro/SP

The minimization and mitigation of environmental impacts caused by the activities of organizations is increasingly becoming a key concern due to factors such as market demand, including suppliers and consumer markets, quality standards and even marketing strategies. The implementation of an EMS - Environmental Management System - allows the organization to achieve the level of environmental performance for its determined and promotes continuous improvement over time. This system consists of a schedule of activities, so as to eliminate or minimize impacts to the environment through preventive actions. It also provides a structured approach to set and achieve goals and objectives, and to establish procedures, work instructions and control, ensuring that the implementation of the policy can become reality. The objective of this work consists in planning a system using environmental management based on the ISO 14001 - standard internationally more widespread and accepted in the requirements to establish and operate an EMS - the Central Library, UNESP, Rio Claro / SP to stimulate the quest for continuous improvement and sustainability in the educational institution. For making the diagnosis of this planning was used the PDCA methodology, suggested by the standard, as well as all requirements for compliance. The results show that the benefits that the organization will receive involve reducing expenses and cost of energy and water, and improve the organization's reputation before the whole university and other educational institutions, reaching about three thousand people on university

Comunidade de formigas (Hymenoptera: formicidae) em cultivo de videiras no município de São Roque - São Paulo

The cultivation of grapes is one of the most traditional cultures and the world's oldest one. In Brazil, cultivars occupy an area of approximately 90 thousand hectares, covering the south, southeast and northeast, in latitudes ranging from 30 º 56 '15''S up to 5 º 11' 15''S. The culture of the vine may be the target of the attack of some diseases and pests, and currently the main concern for growers is the subterranean mealybug, Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Hemiptera: Margarodidae), known as pearl-ground. This arthropod infests the roots causing a progressive languish of the vine, even causes its death. In southern Brazil it is known that some species of ants can disperse pearl-ground for short distances, however, there is no information about that in the State of Sao Paulo. Thus, it is extremely important to perform studies with this focus on wine regions in this State. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the species of underground ant community in different grape varieties found in vineyards in the town of São Roque – SP, Brazil. With that purpose, samples were collected within one year. We used underground pitfalls spread across twelve points. In each of the points were placed two traps, one containing honey and the other containing sardine as attractive. The results revealed the presence of three morphospecies of ants in Niágara Rosada and four in other grape varieties, there was no significant difference in the species richness among the cultivars (Kruskal-Wallis - 0.33, p = 0.5). In both trials, the most frequent species was Brachymyrmex sp.4, suggesting that there is no dominance of distinct species of Niágara Rosada and the other grape varieties. There was no dissimilarity in species richness of the ones visiting honey or sardines (Kruskal-Wallis - 0.08, p = 0.7) and the analysis of variance indicated a great similarity in species richness between the rainy and dry seasons (Kruskal-Wallis - 0.09, p = 0.7)

Quantificação de CO2 e vapor de água nas interfaces bairro-cultura de eucalipto da reserva Floresta Estadual Navarro de Andrade no município de Rio Claro - SP

Environrnental issues are in focus lately, mainly due to climate change that have been registered in recent decades. Some of these changes are attributed to the increased atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases induce, main1y due to anthropogenic emissions. These gases act by absorbing heat in the form of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the planet, and after a time interval, reissuing such radiation in various directions, including back to the surface, causing overheating of the same. Projections indicate that climate change wiIl tend to increase even more. Because of this, in recent years a number of studies are being conducted on the dynamics of inducers of greenhouse gases, especially C02, because that is primarily responsible for the development of that phenomenon. To better understand the flow of C02 are studied specific areas, as regions bordering the forests, soils that are under preparation for agriculture, urban areas, among others. Forests are an important sink for C02, because during the process of photosynthesis, this molecule is captured and used to obtain glucose. Thus, studies of the regions bordering the forests contribute enough to the understanding of the dynamics of C02. Because it requires a large amount of factors, the concentration of CO2 in a given location is very variable and this makes it much more difficult to understand their dynamics and, consequently, the action of the enhanced greenhouse effect. Being a relatively new area of study, there are many controversies about the consequences of the greenhouse effect, so that the community does not believe that climate change resulting from human action. According to them, such changes are merely natural phenomena and periodicals

Comunidades componentes de helmintos de anfíbios: análise comparativa entre duas localidades sob ação antrópica no município de São Luiz do Paraitinga, SP

With the degradation of Atlantic Forest over the years, the area that this ecosystem has occupied before decreased and in a lot of cases it was separated in little fragments, each one isolated in a different way depending of the local antropic action. In this context, this study compares the helminth fauna of anurans from two different fragments of Atlantic Forest, one inset in a matrix of eucalyptus (Eucaliptus sp.) reforestation and the other in a matrix of pasture (Brachiaria sp.), verifying if there is any difference between the structure of helminth communities. There were collected 155 anurans in both fragments, being 77 Hypsiboas albopunctatus, 18 Hypsiboas faber, 27 Hypsiboas polytaenius e 33 Dendropsophus minutus. These were weighted and their snout-vent lengths were measured. After the animals were euthanatized and their internal organs and coelomatic cavity were evaluated for helminth infection. There were identified one trematode species (Haematoloechus fuelleborni) and 14 nematode species (Aplectana sp., Cosmocerca parva, Cosmocerca sp1., Cosmocerca sp2., Cosmocercoides sp., Falcaustra mascula, Cosmocercidae larvae, nematode larvae, Physaloptera sp. larvae, Ochoterenella sp., Oswaldocruzia subauricularis, Raillietnema simples, Rhabdias sp. e Schrankiana sp.). The hylids' helminth fauna studied in São Luiz do Paraitinga fragments were relatively rich, being registered 15 helminth species in the captured anurans. The comparison between the fragments did not show differences in relation of the composition and abundance of helminth fauna in spite of the individualities of each environment

Diagnóstico ambiental de atividades de mineração com ênfase em olarias no município de Rio Claro (SP)

The environmental diagnosis of any area affected for mining activities contributes in a positive form for the analysis of the characteristics of the environment, biological and social, thus being able to establish control parameters. The clay extration for red ceramics promotes the environment degradation as any another one cultivates of mineral goods, but in lesser scale, which had to the dimensions of potteries. Being thus, some decurrent environment characteristics of the clay extration had been inquired clearly used for potteries located in the city of Rio Claro, SP. For this, the followed method was the cadastre of these areas and potteries in created tables, searching, with this, the contribution for the involved people in the extract activity of related potteries and the facilitation in the visualization of the main problems, necessities and proposals for each one. It could be perceived that the environmental diagnosis of the areas had in common presented referring points to the places where if they find the activities. The same ones are located in the region the northwest of Rio Claro and well next one to the others. Moreover, they have in common, referring characteristics to the process of manufacture of bricks. In common, all the responsibility for the administration and course of the activities competes to the proper families, since the administrative part, even though to the process of manufacture of the bricks. Moreover, from the comment of the areas through field work, the prominent use of diverse areas in the region for the clay extration is noticed, making with that the region has great importance in the regional scene.

Análise de condicionantes geológico-geotécnicos para o rompimento de pequenas e médias barragens de terra: estudo de caso na bacia do rio Jaguari Mirim no município de São João da Boa Vista, SP

The act of containing water is one of the most practiced by the civilizations along history, in the will to increase the offer of water to many uses. The raise of environmental worries surround many human activities has given a big attention to dams. Indeed, the environmental consequences about dams are proporcional to their size, what gives to the big dams a more detailed Project and a bigger political concerning that increases the built, estability and maintenance of them. Then, the projects of medium and small dams are weak, limitaded to handbooks, textbooks and empirical recommendations, while the constructions of small dams are growing everytime more. With that being said, the present work intends to analise the geological and geotechnical conditionants that can cause break of small earth dams by making a case study in the Jaguari Mirim Watershed, located in the city of São João da Boa Vista (SP), and can be used to encourage the concern with small dams. In the area of study were identificaded, from satellite images, 248 dams. The map of physiographical compartmentalization defined by Pilachevsky (2013) was used to define the locations in the study área that would have bigger risk to the break of dams. Then, 9 of this dams were analised in field research, using references made by Cerri, Reis e Giordano (2011) and the risk of the analised dams were defined. A study about this type of structure is highly necessary to avoid big damages. An analysis of the geological and geotechnical conditionants that can cause break of dams guides the project in a way to avoid adverse consequences, especially when integrated with locacional conditions observed in the place of the dam’s building

Ocorrência e caracterização molecular de Cryptosporidium spp. em caprinos jovens do município de Quixadá-Ceará

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Estado nutricional de pré-escolares e consumo alimentar de suas famílias no Município de Ponta Grossa-Pr: a influência das condições socioeconômicas e das políticas públicas

Pós-graduação em Alimentos e Nutrição - FCFAR

Variação temporal e espacial da taxa de sedimentação e das características limnológicas na microbacia do córrego da Barrinha, no município de Pirassununga, SP

Studies regarding the quality and quantity of water have become more and more important because of the increasing negative environmental impacts occurred and their scarcity increase as well. At the Center of Tropical Fish Research (Centro de Pesquisas de Peixes Tropicais - CEPTAlIBAMA) located in the city of Pirassununga, SP, there is a dam named Represa Velha which supplies 128 tanks that are fish hatcheries. This dam takes in part of the Barrinha stream micro-basin where it has been observed strong impacts due to the deforestation of its support forest, as well an the intensive agricultural activities in the neighboring areas. There has been established and distributed 13 points of water-collectors disposed inside the stream and the dam. The water samples were taken from the stream only from its surface because of the low depth and, inside. In the dam, the water samples were taken at the water column, at a 50cm distance over the sediment. In every point of collection inside the dam, it was placed a chamber of sedimentation, vertically in the water column at a 70% height from the total depth. The collections took place during the dry/cold and raining/warm periods of the years 2000 and 2001. Then, it were analyzed the physical, physical-chemical, chemical and micro-biological parameters of the water samples. The obtained results were statistically analyzed throughout the SAS system (Statistical Analisys System). Parameters such as total phosphate, nitrate, nitrite and turbidity were within the established limits for the Class 2 water, according to the n° 20/1986 CONAMA Resolução. However, the total and Escherichia coli coliforms, mainly inside the Barrinha stream, had showed values above of the established limits for the same... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Análise comparativa de técnicas de recuperação ambiental em áreas degradadas no município de Bofete/SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Levantamento da helmintofauna de Hypsiboas albomarginatus e Scinax hayii (Anura: Hylidae) da Ilha Anchieta, município de Ubatuba, SP

Os anfíbios ocupam grande variedade de microhabitats refletindo os diversos modos reprodutivos, estilos de vida e parasitas que estes animais apresentam. Os parasitas são indicativos de muitos aspectos biológicos de seus hospedeiros, incluindo a dieta, ocupação do habitat e a filogenia, podendo também ser bons indicadores diretos do estado de qualidade ambiental. A Ilha Anchieta, parque estadual em área de Mata Atlântica, torna-se interessante para estudos biológicos devido a sua dinâmica insular e isolamento geográfico. No Brasil, a Mata Atlântica é um dos biomas mais afetados pelas atividades antrópicas e o número de helmintos recém-descobertos podem estar desaparecendo mais rapidamente do que novos organismos são descobertos. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a helmintofauna de duas espécies de anfíbios, Hypsiboas albomarginatus (n=23) e Scinax hayii (n=18), ambas pertencentes à família Hylidae, procedentes da Ilha Anchieta, São Paulo, Brasil. A helmintofauna foi composta apenas de nematoides (Rhabdias sp., Physaloptera sp.) e um espécime não identificado da família Cosmocercidae. Estudos como estes são importantes, pois os parasitas representam uma diversidade oculta, a qual contribui com a manutenção da diversidade local de hospedeiros e das funções do ecossistema