De unctione omnia docente, I Joh. II: 27

Invokaatio: Q.B.V.J.D.T.O.M.

De lapidibus viventibus, I. Pet. II:5

Invokaatio: I.N.J.

Clinical and pathological correlations of C4d immunostaining and its infl uence on the outcome of kidney transplant recipients

INTRODUCTION: C4d is a marker of antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) in kidney allografts, although cellular rejection also have C4d deposits. OBJECTIVE: To correlate C4d expression with clinico-pathological parameters and graft outcomes at three years. METHODS: One hundred forty six renal transplantation recipients with graft biopsies by indication were included. C4d staining was performed by paraffin-immunohistochemistry. Graft function and survival were measured, and predictive variables of the outcome were determined by multivariate Cox regression. RESULTS: C4d staining was detected in 48 (31%) biopsies, of which 23 (14.7%) had diffuse and 25 (16%) focal distribution. Pre-transplantation panel reactive antibodies (%PRA) class I and II were significantly higher in C4d positive patients as compared to those C4d negative. Both glomerulitis and pericapillaritis were associated to C4d (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively). The presence of C4d in biopsies diagnosed as no rejection (NR), acute cellular rejection (ACR) or interstitial fibrosis/ tubular atrophy (IF/TA) did not impact graft function or survival. Compared to NR, ACR and IF/TA C4d-, patients with ABMR C4d+ had the worst graft survival over 3 years (p = 0.034), but there was no difference between ABMR versus NR, ACR and IF/TA that were C4d positive (p = 0.10). In Cox regression, graft function at biopsy and high %PRA levels were predictors of graft loss. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that C4d staining in kidney graft biopsies is a clinically useful marker of ABMR, with well defined clinical and pathological correlations. The impact of C4d deposition in other histologic diagnoses deserves further investigation.

Chroniques de FROISSART, livres I et II.

Elles commencent (fol. 1) par : « Cy commence le second volume des Cronicques Froissart, contenant les faitz et batailles des roys de France et de Angleterre. Apres le conquest de La Roche sur Ion, si comme chi dessus est dit... » et finissent (fol. 286) par : «... et sirez Jaques d'Ardembourcq fut doien des menus mestiers, qui est ossy un gran office en la ville de Gand ». Le commencement du premier livre se trouvait dans un autre volume, qui semble perdu. Le premier livre finit, dans ce ms., au fol. 78, par : «... de laquelle je parlerai plus à plain, quant j'en serai mieux informé ». Le second livre vient ensuite, mais il n'est signalé par aucun titre. Il commence par : « En ce temps que li duc de Bourgongne fist son armée en Picardie, si comme il est contenu chi dessus... » et ces mots sont les premiers d'un paragraphe en tout semblable aux autres. « Une main postérieure, dit M. S. Luce (Introd. au premier livre des Chroniques de J. Froissart, Paris, 1869, page XLI), a pris à tâche de faire disparaître, en grattant ou en ajoutant des lettres à certains mots, une empreinte wallonne très caractérisée, ainsi que les signes usités dans notre ancienne langue pour marquer la distinction du cas sujet et du cas régime, qui est encore généralement observée dans ce précieux ms. ». Le texte y est accompagné d'un certain nombre de notes marginales dues à une main du XVe siècle. Ces notes ont été reproduites sur les marges d'une copie de ce ms., conservée sous le n° 20357 du Fonds français. Au bas du fol. 1 r° et au milieu de la bordure dont il est orné, sont les armes suivantes : d'azur à une tête de more de sable accompagnée de trois trèfles d'or. Ces armes se retrouvent dans le ms. 20357, fol. 1.

The Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry of Two Families of Polydentate Ligands - Exploring Their Potential for the Preparation of Molecule-Based Magnets

The synthesis and studies of two classes of poly dentate ligands are presented as two projects. In project 1, four new carboxamide ligands have been synthesised via the condensation of 2,2',6,6'-tetrachloroformyl-4,4'-bipyridine or 2,6-dichloroformyl pyridine together with heterocyclic amines containing pyridine or pyrazole substituents. The coordination chemistry of these ligands has been investigated and studies have shown that with a Cu(II) salt, two carboxamide ligands LJ and L2 afford large clusters with stoichiometries [Cu8(L1)4Cl16].CHCl3.5H2O.7CH3OH (I) and [Cu9(L2)6Cl6].CH3OH.5H2O.(C2H5)3N (II) respectively. [molecular diagram availabel in pdf]. X-ray diffraction studies of cluster (I) reveal that it has approximate S4 symmetry and is comprised of four ligands and eight copper (II) centers. Here, coordination takes place via amide 0 atoms, and pyrazole nitrogens. This complex is the first reported example of an octanuclear copper cluster with a saddle-shaped structure. The second cluster comprises nine copper ions that are arranged in a cyclic array. Each ligand coordinates three copper centers and each copper ion shares two ligands to connect six ligands with nine copper ions. The amide nitrogens are completely deprotonated and both amide Nand 0 atoms coordinate the metal centres. The cluster has three-fold symmetry. There are six chloride ions, three of which are bridging two neighbouring Cu(II) centres. Magnetic studies of (I) and (II) reveal that both clusters display weak antiferromagnetic interactions between neighbouring Cu(II) centers at low temperature. In the second project, three complexes with stoichiometries [Fe[N302](SCN)2]2 (III), R,R-[Fe[N3O2](SCN)2 (IV) and R,R-]Fe[N3O2](CN)2] (V) were prepared and characterized, where [N302] is a pentadentate macrocycle. Complex (III) was prepared via the metal templated Schiff-base condensation of 2,2',6,6'-tetraacetyl-4,4'-bipyridine together with 3,6-dioxaoctane-I,8-diamine and comprises of a dimeric macro cycle where the two Fe(II) centres are in a pentagonal-bipyramidal environment with the [N302] ligands occupying the equatorial plane and two axial NCS ligands. Complexes (IV) and (V) were prepared via the condensation of 2,6-diacetylpyridine together with a chiral diamine in the presence of FeCh. The synthetic strategy for the preparation of the chiral diamine (4R,5R)-4,5-diphenyl-3,6-dioxa-I,8-octane-diamine was elucidated. The chirality of both macrocycles (IV) and (V) was probed by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The crystal structure of (IV) at 200 K contains two independent molecules in the unit cell, both of which contain a hepta-coordinated Fe(II) and axial NCS ligands. Variable temperature magnetic susceptibility and structural studies are consistent with a high spin Fe(II) complex and show no evidence of any spin crossover behaviour. In contrast, the bis cyanide derivative (V) crystallizes with two independent molecules in the unit cell, both of which have different coordination geometries consistent with different spin states for the two Fe(II) centres. At 250 K, the molecular structure of (V) shows the presence of both 7- and a 6-coordinate Fe(II) complexes in the crystal lattice. As the temperature is lowered, the molecules undergo a structural change and at 100 K the structural data is consistent with a 6- and 5-coordinate Fe(II) complex in the unit cell. Magnetic studies confirm that this complex undergoes a gradual, thermal, spin crossover transition in the solid state. Photomagnetic measurements indicate this is the first chiral Fe (II) sea complex to exhibit a LIESST.

Propuesta de material de estudio para las materias de teoría de control I y II que imparten en la EIME de la UA de C. [por] Francisco Lázaro de Luna Sanmiguel

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias de la Ingeniería Eléctrica con Especialidad en Electrónica) U.A.N.L.

Propuesta de un modelo de instrucción que facilite el aprendizaje significativo de los contenidos de Cálculo I, Cálculo II y Cálculo III de la carrera de Ingeniero Industrial Administrador en la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas de la U.A.N.L.

Tesis (Maestría en Enseñanza Superior) -- U.A.N.L. ; Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, 1999

Yesterday’s Games: Contingency Learning and the Growth of Public Spending, 1890-1938

Neither democracy nor globalization can explain the doubling of the peacetime public share in many Western countries between World Wars I and II. Here we examine two other explanations that are consistent with the timing of the observed changes, namely, (1) a shift in the demand for public goods and (2) the effect of war on the willingness to share. We first model each of these approaches as a contingency-learning phenomenon within Schelling’s Multi-Person Dilemma. We then derive verifiable propositions from each hypothesis. National time series of public spending as a share of GNP reveal no unit root but a break in trend, a result shown to favor explanation (2) over (1).