844 resultados para Somatotipo piragüistas, piragüistas élite, Somatotipo kayak-canoa, Somatotipo cubano


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The first measurement of neutron emission in electromagnetic dissociation of Pb-208 nuclei at the LHC is presented. The measurement is performed using the neutron zero degree calorimeters of the ALICE experiment, which detect neutral particles close to beam rapidity. The measured cross sections of single and mutual electromagnetic dissociation of Pb nuclei at root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV with neutron emission are sigma(singleEMD) = 187.4 +/- 0.2(stat)(-11.2)(+13.2) (syst) b and sigma(mutualEMD) = 5. 7 +/- 0.1(stat) +/- 0.4(syst) b, respectively. The experimental results are compared to the predictions from a relativistic electromagnetic dissociation model. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.252302

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Measurements of the sphericity of primary charged particles in minimum bias proton-proton collisions at root s = 0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC are presented. The observable is measured in the plane perpendicular to the beam direction using primary charged tracks with p(T) > 0.5 GeV/c in vertical bar eta vertical bar < 0.8. The mean sphericity as a function of the charged particle multiplicity at mid-rapidity (N-ch) is reported for events with different p(T) scales ("soft" and "hard") defined by the transverse momentum of the leading particle. In addition, the mean charged particle transverse momentum versus multiplicity is presented for the different event classes, and the sphericity distributions in bins of multiplicity are presented. The data are compared with calculations of standard Monte Carlo event generators. The transverse sphericity is found to grow with multiplicity at all collision energies, with a steeper rise at low N-ch, whereas the event generators show an opposite tendency. The combined study of the sphericity and the mean p(T) with multiplicity indicates that most of the tested event generators produce events with higher multiplicity by generating more back-to-back jets resulting in decreased sphericity (and isotropy). The PYTHIA6 generator with tune PERUGIA-2011 exhibits a noticeable improvement in describing the data, compared to the other tested generators.

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In this Letter we report the first results on pi(+/-), K-+/-, p, and (p) over bar production at midrapidity (vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.5) in central Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV, measured by the ALICE experiment at the LHC. The p(T) distributions and yields are compared to previous results at root s(NN) = 200 GeV and expectations from hydrodynamic and thermal models. The spectral shapes indicate a strong increase of the radial flow velocity with root s(NN), which in hydrodynamic models is expected as a consequence of the increasing particle density. While the K/pi ratio is in line with predictions from the thermal model, the p/pi ratio is found to be lower by a factor of about 1.5. This deviation from thermal model expectations is still to be understood.

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The ALICE experiment has measured the inclusive J/psi production in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV down to zero transverse momentum in the rapidity range 2.5 < y < 4. A suppression of the inclusive J/psi yield in Pb-Pb is observed with respect to the one measured in pp collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions. The nuclear modification factor, integrated over the 0%-80% most central collisions, is 0.545 +/- 0.032(stat) +/- 0.083dsyst_ and does not exhibit a significant dependence on the collision centrality. These features appear significantly different from measurements at lower collision energies. Models including J/psi production from charm quarks in a deconfined partonic phase can describe our data.

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The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.

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The P-T-differential inclusive production cross section of the prompt charm-strange meson D-s(+) in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.5 was measured in proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV at the LHC using the ALICE detector. The analysis was performed on a data sample of 2.98 x 10(8) events collected with a minimum-bias trigger. The corresponding integrated luminosity is L-int = 4.8 nb(-1). Reconstructing the decay D-s(+) -> phi pi(+) with phi -> K-K+, and its charge conjugate, about 480 D-s(+/-) mesons were counted, after selection cuts, in the transverse momentum range 2 < P-T < 12 GeV/c. The results are compared with predictions from models based on perturbative QCD. The ratios of the cross sections of four D meson species (namely D-0, D+, D*+ and D-s(+)) were determined both as a function of p(T) and integrated over p(T)after extrapolating to full p(T) range, together with the strangeness suppression factor in charm fragmentation. The obtained values are found to be compatible within uncertainties with those measured by other experiments in e(+)e(-), ep and pp interactions at various centre-of-mass energies. (C) 2012 CERN. Published by Elsevier By. All rights reserved.

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A measurement of the multi-strange Xi(-) and Omega(-) baryons and their antiparticles by the ALICE experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is presented for inelastic proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The transverse momentum (p(T)) distributions were studied at mid-rapidity (vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.5) in the range of 0.6 < p(T) < 8.5 GeV/c Xi(-) for and Xi(+) baryons, and in the range of 0.8 < P-T < 5 GeV/c for Omega(-) and<(Omega)over bar>(+). Baryons and antibaryons were measured as separate particles and we find that the baryon to antibaryon ratio of both particle species is consistent with unity over the entire range of the measurement. The statistical precision of the current data has allowed us to measure a difference between the mean p(T) of Xi(-) ((Xi) over bar)(+) and Omega(-) ((Omega) over bar (+)). Particle yields, mean pi, and the spectra in the intermediate pi range are not well described by the PYTHIA Perugia 2011 tune Monte Carlo event generator, which has been tuned to reproduce the early LHC data. The discrepancy is largest for Omega(-)((Omega) over bar (+)). This PYTHIA tune approaches the pi spectra of Xi(-) and Xi(+) baryons below p(T) <0.85 GeV/c and describes the Xi(-) and Xi(+) spectra above p(T) > 6.0 GeV/c. We also illustrate the difference between the experimental data and model by comparing the corresponding ratios of (Omega(-) +(Omega) over bar (+))/(Xi(-) + Xi(+)) as a function of transverse mass. (C) 2012 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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The production of the prompt charm mesons D-0, D+, D*(+), and their antiparticles, was measured with the ALICE detector in Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC, at a centre-of-mass energy root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV per nucleon-nucleon collision. The p(t)-differential production yields in the range 2 < p(t) < 16 GeV/c at central rapidity, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.5, were used to calculate the nuclear modification factor R-AA with respect to a proton-proton reference obtained from the cross section measured at root s = 7 TeV and scaled to root s = 2.76 TeV. For the three meson species, R-AA shows a suppression by a factor 3-4, for transverse momenta larger than 5 GeV/c in the 20% most central collisions. The suppression is reduced for peripheral collisions.

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The ALICE Collaboration reports the measurement of the relative J/psi yield as a function of charged particle pseudorapidity density dN(ch)/d eta in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV at the LHC. J/psi particles are detected for p(t) > 0, in the rapidity interval vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 via decay into e(+)e(-), and in the interval 2.5 < y < 4.0 via decay into mu(+)/mu(-) pairs. An approximately linear increase of the J/psi yields normalized to their event average (dN(J/psi)/dy)/(dN(J/psi)/dy) with (dN(ch)/c eta)/(dN(ch)/d eta) is observed in both rapidity ranges, where dN(ch)/d eta is measured within vertical bar eta vertical bar < 1 and p(t) > 0. In the highest multiplicity interval with (dN(ch)/d eta)(bin)) = 24.1, corresponding to four times the minimum bias multiplicity density, an enhancement relative to the minimum bias J/psi yield by a factor of about 5 at 2.5 < y <4 (8 at vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) is observed. (C) 2012 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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The ALICE experiment has measured low-mass dimuon production in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV in the dimuon rapidity region 2.5 < y < 4. The observed dimuon mass spectrum is described as a superposition of resonance decays (eta, rho, omega, eta', phi) into muons and semi-leptonic decays of charmed mesons. The measured production cross sections for omega and phi are sigma(omega)(1 < p(t) < 5 GeV/c. 2.5 < y < 4) = 5.28 +/- 0.54(stat) +/- 0.49(syst) mb and sigma(phi)(1 < p(t) < 5 GeV/c. 2.5 < y < 4) = 0.940 +/- 0.084(stat) +/- 0.076(syst) mb. The differential cross sections d(2)sigma/dy dp(t) are extracted as a function of p(t) for omega and phi. The ratio between the rho and omega cross section is obtained. Results for the phi are compared with other measurements at the same energy and with predictions by models. (C) 2012 CERN. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Syftet med denna uppsats är att genom kvalitativa intervjuer belysa om barn med svensk bakgrund i lågstadieåldern (d.v.s. 7-9 åringar) har fördomar mot personer med invandrarbakgrund. Med ordet fördomar benämner vi uppfattningar och föreställningar om en annan grupp som stör personens kritiska tänkande. Personer med invandrarbakgrund benämns som en person som är född utanför norden och skiljer sig från den svenska normen utseendemässigt. Vi har också jämfört två klasser en utan och en med fler elever med invandrarbakgrund för att se om det visade någon skillnad i attityderna mot invandrare i de olika klasserna. Fem barn i vardera klass blev intervjuade. Barnen fick svara på ett antal relativt öppna frågor angående deras inställning och kännedom om personer med invandrarbakgrund. Elevernas svar analyserades utifrån tidigare forskning om barns utveckling och fördomars uppkomst. Utifrån barnens svar kunde vi se att de hade fördomar mot personer med invandrarbakgrund. Då de båda klasserna jämfördes visade det sig att de var väldigt lika, men att man kan urskilja vissa små skillnader, dessa skillnader visade på att eleverna i klassen utan elever med invandrarbakgrund var lite mer fördomsfulla. Vi fick fram att snällhet var viktigt samt att förstå varandras språk. Barnen är också väldigt medvetna om hudfärg.

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Enligt tidigare forskning har ungdomar lättare än vuxna att utveckla spelproblem. Idrottsutövande ungdomar utmålas dessutom som en grupp särskilt i riskzonen när det gäller utvecklandet av spelberoende. Syftet med denna studie är därför att undersöka ett antal idrottsföreningars medvetenhet om problemet spelberoende och desammas attityder till spel inom den egna föreningen. Syftet är också att belysa tre tidigare spelberoende personer och deras förhållande till föreningslivet. Slutsatser är: Att kunskaper om spel och spelberoende ute i föreningarna är dåliga generellt, att för lite ansvar i denna fråga tas av idrottsföreningarna generellt, men att de större föreningarna tar ett större ansvar än de små. Det som hade påverkat spelandet hos lagidrottarna i studien var interaktionen med lagkamrater samt tidig introduktion till spel. Medan formandet av en tävlingsinriktad personlighet, som lättare tenderar till att riskera ett beroende, hade haft störst påverkan på den individuella idrottarens spelande.

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Sekretesslagen är en förutsättning för att socialt arbete ska fungera men många av de som dagligen använder sig av lagen uppfattar den som omfattande och svårtolkad. Uppsatsen syftar till att kartlägga sekretesslagens roll i samarbetet inom och mellan olika verksamheter som arbetar för barn och unga upp till 15 år, hur lagen påverkar det professionella arbetet kring dessa och förutsättningarna att tillgodose den enskilde individens behov. Undersökningen utgår från följande frågeställningar: Vilka brister finns i sekretesslagen, i tolkningen och brukandet av den? Utgör sekretesslagen ett hinder i samarbetet inom och mellan samhällets olika instanser? Kan sekretesslagen vara ett hinder mer än ett skydd för den enskilde individen? Vilka eventuella behov finns av förändringar i lagstiftningen? Utifrån kvantitativ metod utformades en enkät som personal inom förskola och skola, socialtjänst och BUP (barn och ungdomspsykiatrin) besvarade. Datamaterialet matades in i statistikprogrammet SPSS för analys. Resultatet visar på bristande kunskaper och utbildning om sekretesslagen i samtliga yrkeskategorier. Att sekretesslagen upplevs som ett hinder i såväl samarbete inom en verksamhet som mellan verksamheter. Sekretesslagen upplevdes slutligen också kunna vara mer ett hinder än ett skydd för den enskilde individen. Sekretesslagen är omfattande och inte lätt att tolka. Kanske skulle lagen kunna vara tydligare och inte lämna lika stort utrymme för tolkning. Vi tolkar dock resultatet som att det snarare är kompetensen hos de som brukar lagen som borde vara högre. Respondenterna i undersökningen har för lite utbildning om och för dålig kunskap kring sekretesslagen. Okunskapen ger upphov till tankefällor och feltolkningar av lagen.

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Programa de doctorado: Estudios económicos, sociales y culturales en el Atlántico.

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Programa de doctorado [de] Lengua Española y Lingüística General.