Um estudo sobre a relação entre os tipos motivacionais de valores e o desempenho escolar de alunos do IFAM-campus Manaus Zona Leste

O presente estudo investiga os principais tipos motivacionais de valores dos alunos que freqüentam o 1° ano no IFAM – Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas - Campus Manaus Zona Leste, e a relação com o desempenho escolar dos alunos. Fundamentou-se em Schwartz (2006) e Tamayo (2007) que apresentam os tipos motivacionais de valores como valores universais e organizacionais. A pesquisa tem um enfoque exploratório-descritivo já que tem o propósito de proporcionar uma visão geral acerca de determinado fato. É considerado o primeiro estágio da pesquisa, onde se conhece o objeto de estudo tal como se apresenta, os seus significados e o contexto onde se insere. A amostra compõe-se de seis turmas das primeiras séries do curso de formação técnico-profissional representadas por setenta e cinco alunos. Os dados foram obtidos através de questionários com variáveis para análise quantitativa, que descrevem as características de uma população. Para a tabulação dos dados estatísticos foi utilizado o software ABD do Windows SPSS e a planilha do EXCEL. Verificou-se que o IFAM – Campus Manaus Zona Leste representa um lugar onde os alunos dos mais longínquos locais do Amazonas e até de alguns estados vizinhos vêm em busca de conhecimentos na área de agropecuária. Na opinião dos pesquisados o espaço físico, o horário integral, as dificuldades financeiras, a distância dos familiares interferem no processo ensino aprendizagem. Da mesma forma afirmam que os tipos motivacionais que caracterizam as suas opções, interferem no desempenho escolar.

The construction of the museological object

Exhibiting is or should be to work against ignorance, especially against the most refractory of all ignorance: the pre-conceived idea of stereo typed culture. To exhibit is to take a calculated risk of disorientation - in the etymological sense: (to lose your bearings), disturbs the harmony, the evident , and the consensus, that constitutes the common place (the banal). Needless to say however it is obvious that an exhibition that deliberately tries to scandalise will create an inverted perversion which results in an obscurantist pseudo-luxury - culture ... between demagogy and provocation, one has to find visual communication's subtle itinerary. Even though an intermediary route is not so stimulating: as Gaston Bachelard said "All the roads lead to Rome, except the roads of compromise." It is becoming ever more evident that museums have undergone changes that are noticeable in numerous areas. As well as the traditional functions of collecting, conserving and exhibiting objects. museums have tried to become a means of communication, open and aware of the worries of modern society. In order to do this , it has started to utilise modern technology now available and lead by the hand of "marketing" and modern business management.

Ordenamiento de los relatos de Salvador: los del artista, y mucho después…(Dossier: Cuatro narradores del 30, relecturas en su centenario)

Se plantea que la crítica suele ignorar las colecciones de cuentos que Humberto Salvador publicara entre las décadas de 1930 y 1980. Salvador recrea, a lo largo de toda su producción, la sociedad y la cultura que lo rodean, buscando descifrar su esencia moral, para ello, otorga a la intuición un valor positivo, por sobre la razón. Entre los temas iniciales del autor guayaquileño (década de 1920), sobresale su reflexión sobre el arte, como producción inmersa en la cultura, la historia y la sociedad, una obra sería conjunción del trabajo literario y el azar de la vida cotidiana: por ello es un objeto por encontrarse. Después de este período «estético», Salvador buscó representar la sociedad, con personajes desclasados principalmente, que no se adhieren a ningún código ortodoxo. Hizo énfasis en aspectos psicológicos o en estados mentales (enfermedades como la esquizofrenia, la histeria, etc.). A decir del crítico Wilfrido H. Corral, los relatos del guayaquileño progresan del tema del artista hacia el de la cotidianidad, y de éste al del artista menos libre, son joyas, insiste, de la comedia existencial, de la angustia y de la moderación doméstica.

Cuerpos cosificados: una lectura de Herencia de Clorinda Matto de Turner (Estudios)

En este ensayo la teoría de Karl Marx, sobre el bien de consumo y sobre los valores de uso e intercambio, así como también las reflexiones de la feminista De Luce Irigaray, expuestas en “Women on the Market”, nos ayudan a analizar las relaciones sociales en el siglo XIX y a ver al espacio de Lima como un gran mercado, en donde la sociedad burguesa hace uso de los objetos de moda para aparentar una posición social alta. En este espacio urbano, que aparece recargado de objetos de compra y venta, Margarita y Lucía se presentan como compradoras, pero no solo de objetos sino también de cuerpos, de esta manera, Margarita es un cuerpo exhibido en la gran vitrina que es Lima, en donde la clase alta debe observarla, aceptarla o rechazarla. Ella es mestiza, pero su origen no interesa, sino cómo luce su cuerpo y qué ostenta o aparenta tener, con lo cual ella, finalmente, consigue marido. En este ensayo se ve cómo el cuerpo femenino tiene un valor de intercambio, pues al ostentar puede aspirar a un candidato de clase alta también, sin embargo, en esta novela todos los cuerpos femeninos y masculinos llegan a tener un valor de uso o intercambio que no se mide por lo que se es, sino por lo que se aparenta por medio de la moda y sus lujos.

Biologically motivated model for object detection and identification in real-world scenes

The classical computer vision methods can only weakly emulate some of the multi-level parallelisms in signal processing and information sharing that takes place in different parts of the primates’ visual system thus enabling it to accomplish many diverse functions of visual perception. One of the main functions of the primates’ vision is to detect and recognise objects in natural scenes despite all the linear and non-linear variations of the objects and their environment. The superior performance of the primates’ visual system compared to what machine vision systems have been able to achieve to date, motivates scientists and researchers to further explore this area in pursuit of more efficient vision systems inspired by natural models. In this paper building blocks for a hierarchical efficient object recognition model are proposed. Incorporating the attention-based processing would lead to a system that will process the visual data in a non-linear way focusing only on the regions of interest and hence reducing the time to achieve real-time performance. Further, it is suggested to modify the visual cortex model for recognizing objects by adding non-linearities in the ventral path consistent with earlier discoveries as reported by researchers in the neuro-physiology of vision.

Name agreement in picture naming: An ERP study

Name agreement is the extent to which different people agree on a name for a particular picture. Previous studies have found that it takes longer to name low name agreement pictures than high name agreement pictures. To examine the effect of name agreement in the online process of picture naming, we compared event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded whilst 19 healthy, native English speakers silently named pictures which had either high or low name agreement. A series of ERP components was examined: P1 approximately 120ms from picture onset, N1 around 170ms, P2 around 220ms, N2 around 290ms, and P3 around 400ms. Additionally, a late time window from 800 to 900ms was considered. Name agreement had an early effect, starting at P1 and possibly resulting from uncertainty of picture identity, and continuing into N2, possibly resulting from alternative names for pictures. These results support the idea that name agreement affects two consecutive processes: first, object recognition, and second, lexical selection and/or phonological encoding.

Object displays and control of dynamic systems

Recent work has suggested that for some tasks, graphical displays which visually integrate information from more than one source offer an advantage over more traditional displays which present the same information in a separated format. Three experiments are described which investigate this claim using a task which requires subjects to control a dynamic system. In the first experiment, the integrated display is compared to two separated displays, one an animated mimic diagram, the other an alphanumeric display. The integrated display is shown to support better performance in a control task, but experiment 2 shows that part of this advantage may be due to its analogue nature. Experiment 3 considers performance on a fault detection task, and shows no difference between the integrated and separated displays. The paper concludes that previous claims made for integrated displays may not generalize from monitoring to control tasks.

Re-evaluating base-metal artefacts: an inscribed lead strap-end from Crewkerne, Somerset

Strap-ends represent the most common class of dress accessory known from late Anglo-Saxon England. At this period, new materials, notably lead and its alloys, were being deployed in the manufacture of personal possessions and jewellery. This newly found strap-end adds to the growing number of tongue-shaped examples fashioned from lead dating from this period. It is, however, distinctive in being inscribed with a personal name. The present article provides an account of the object and its text, and assesses its general significance in the context of a more nuanced interpretation of the social status of lead artefacts in late Anglo-Saxon England.

Maternal label and gesture use affects acquisition of specific object names

Ten mothers were observed prospectively, interacting with their infants aged 0 ; 10 in two contexts (picture description and noun description). Maternal communicative behaviours were coded for volubility, gestural production and labelling style. Verbal labelling events were categorized into three exclusive categories: label only; label plus deictic gesture; label plus iconic gesture. We evaluated the predictive relations between maternal communicative style and children's subsequent acquisition of ten target nouns. Strong relations were observed between maternal communicative style and children's acquisition of the target nouns. Further, even controlling for maternal volubility and maternal labelling, maternal use of iconic gestures predicted the timing of acquisition of nouns in comprehension. These results support the proposition that maternal gestural input facilitates linguistic development, and suggest that such facilitation may be a function of gesture type.

Skeletal muscle fibre plasticity in response to selected environmental and physiological stimuli

Skeletal muscle constitutes a highly adaptable and malleable tissue that responds to environmental and physiological challenges by changing its phenotype in terms of size and composition, outcomes that are brought about by changes in gene expression, biochemical and metabolic properties. Both the short- and long-term effects of nutritional alterations on skeletal muscle homeostasis have been defined as the object of intensive research over the last thirty years. This review focuses predominantly on assimilating our understanding of the changes in muscle fibre phenotype and functional properties induced by either food restriction or alternatively existing on a high fat diet. Firstly, food restriction has been shown in a number of studies to decrease the myofibre cross sectional area and consistently, it has been found that glycolytic type IIB fibres are more prone to atrophy than oxidative fibres. Secondly, in rodents, a high fat diet has been shown to induce an oxidative profile in skeletal muscle, although obese humans usually show higher numbers of glycolytic type IIB fibres. Moreover, attention is paid to the effect of prenatal maternal food restriction on muscle development of the offspring in various species. A key point related to these experiments is the timing of food restriction for the mother. Furthermore, we explore extensively the seemingly species-specific response to maternal malnutrition. Finally, key signalling molecules that play a pivotal role in energy metabolism, fibre type transitions and muscle hypertrophy are discussed in detail.