Estudo sobre o comportamento do consumidor frente à questão ambiental

Este artigo buscou identificar os fatores que influenciam os consumidores em seu processo decisório de compra, destacando suas ações diante de questões ambientais. Para atender a esse objetivo, procurou-se organizar o referencial teórico sobre o comportamento do consumidor e entender como este se dá em relação às questões ambientais. Esse referencial incorporou aspectos teóricos que descrevem o envolvimento do consumidor no processo decisório e suas atitudes frente à responsabilidade ambiental . Com base na revisão e na avaliação de três especialistas, foi desenvolvido o instrumento de pesquisa, questionário com 35 questões assertivas e uma escala tipo Likert de cinco níveis. O questionário foi aplicado a 451 alunos de universidades da cidade de São Paulo (zonas Norte, Sul, Leste e Oeste) e, usando-se o LISREL, foi efetuada a Analise Fatorial Confirmatória (AFC), baseada nas dimensões que emergiram da revisão bibliográfica. O resultado da AFC confirmou os construtos: Consciência Ambiental (CONAMB), Irresponsabilidade Ambiental (IRRESAMB), Passividade (PASSIV) e Responsabilidade Ambiental (RESAMB), revelando correlação alta entre os constructos CONAMB e PASSIV e RESAMB e PASSIV. O constructo IRRESAMB não apresentou correlação relevante com os demais constructos.

A RELAÇÃO ENTRE O USO DOS CONTROLES DE GESTÃO E A CONTINUIDADE DAS PEQUENAS E MÉDIAS EMPRESAS

O trabalho tem como finalidade à pesquisa de controles de gestão empresarial essencial a todas as empresas, inclusive as chamadas pequenas e médias, que buscam sua excelência e continuidade para um bom desempenho econômico, financeiro e social. Diversos estudos já foram realizados a fim de evidenciar a importância dos controles gerenciais para as organizações, porém uma grande dificuldade encontrada nestas empresas é aplicar a teoria na prática. Sendo assim, será apresentada neste trabalho uma pesquisa entre pequenas e médias empresas localizadas nos municípios de São Bernardo do Campo, Santo André, São Caetano do Sul e Diadema e como estas empresas têm utilizado controles gerenciais no processo de gestão empresarial. No contexto das pequenas e médias empresas, pode-se perceber que o processo decisório é restrito e limitado a determinadas pessoas, portanto, o grau de responsabilidade nas decisões para estas empresas tem um grande teor de importância. Nas empresas familiares também é possível identificar características semelhantes ao processo decisório, por fim, a pesquisa irá analisar a relação do uso de controles gerenciais e a continuidade dessas empresas. A metodologia utilizada foi a descritiva e a quantitativa, através do uso de questionário e os resultados obtidos foram apresentados apenas como das empresas participantes da pesquisa, podendo ser identificados a relação do uso de controles de gestão e quais os controles mais utilizados.(AU)

DESCRIÇÃO E ANÁLISE DOS ELEMENTOS ESTRUTURAIS DOS CÍRCULOS RESTAURATIVOS E DOS FENÔMENOS DO CAMPO GRUPAL EM PROCESSOS ENVOLVENDO A JUSTIÇA RESTAURATIVA

Sabe-se que a violência é considerada um problema das sociedades atuais e a tendência é que aumente cada vez mais. Exigindo estudos e medidas multidisciplinares que possam dar outras respostas, para além do endurecimento das penas, como o reconhecimento de que o problema não está apenas com o ofensor. A Justiça restaurativa surge como uma nova maneira para enfrentar esse problema e uma de suas estratégias é o círculo restaurativo. Assim, objetivo desta pesquisa é descrever e analisar os elementos estruturais dos círculos restaurativos e os fenômenos do campo grupal. De uma amostra de dois processos restaurativos que envolveram pré-círculo, círculo e o pós-círculo mediados por um facilitador. Os dados foram analisados de forma qualitativa, considerando os elementos estruturais (setting) tais como cerimônias de abertura e fechamento, bastão de fala, processo decisório consensual e pelos fenômenos do campo grupal, resistência, actings (atuações) e insights (elaborações). Assim, este trabalho mostra que na realização dos círculos restaurativos que os aspectos psicológicos fazem parte do processo e demonstram grande importância para determinar seu fracasso ou êxito, ou seja, a elaboração de um Acordo e uma resolução consensual do conflito, promovendo a reparação e responsabilização das partes envolvidas em um conflito.

DESCRIÇÃO E ANÁLISE DOS ELEMENTOS ESTRUTURAIS DOS CÍRCULOS RESTAURATIVOS E DOS FENÔMENOS DO CAMPO GRUPAL EM PROCESSOS ENVOLVENDO A JUSTIÇA RESTAURATIVA NO AMBIENTE ESCOLAR

A população e as comunidades escolares vêm pressionando e cobrando as autoridades dos Sistemas de Justiça e da Educação por uma intervenção coerente e efetiva na resolução de conflitos que se estabelecem no ambiente escolar, uma vez que o atual modelo de Justiça, o retributivo, não tem sanado a situação. A Justiça restaurativa surge então como uma nova maneira para enfrentar esse problema e uma de suas estratégias é o círculo restaurativo, caracterizado como um grupo para restauração das relações e dos conflitos. Esta pesquisa visa: descrever e analisar os elementos estruturais dos círculos restaurativos e os fenômenos do campo grupal em processos restaurativos realizados no ambiente escolar para intervir em situações de conflito. A amostra foi composta de cinco práticas restaurativas que envolveram pré-círculo, círculo e o pós-círculo mediados por um facilitador e dois co-facilitadores. O tratamento dos dados se deu a partir da análise dos elementos estruturais da justiça restaurativa (cerimônia de abertura e fechamento, bastão de fala, e processo decisório consensual), considerando tais elementos iguais ao setting de base psicanalítica, visto que neste caso especifico, tem como objetivo deixar claro aos participantes do grupo qual é a proposta de funcionamento do mesmo; e de uma análise de conteúdo organizada a partir de categorias pré-definidas, segundo conceitos psicanalíticos (resistência, acting/atuação e insight/elaboração). Os resultados mostraram que foram estabelecidos elementos estruturais (setting) favorável ao encontro dos participantes e que predominaram no campo aspectos positivos, o que resultou no bom reestabelecimento do convívio em todos os casos analisados. Os elementos estruturais estabelecidos para a realização do círculo restaurativo criaram um espaço seguro onde os participantes se ligaram de modo positivo, mesmo com a situação de conflito. Considera-se importante creditar a figura do facilitador (Psicólogo) parte da realização da resolução do conflito. Conclui-se que a função continente; o manejo e compreensão das resistências, actings e dos insights contribuíram para que o campo grupal configurasse em coesão ao invés da desintegração. Finalmente, cabe acrescentar que a experiência demonstrou que as crianças e adolescentes respondem muito bem quando são convidados a participar de um círculo restaurativo e ali aprendem a agir de acordo com os valores vivenciados como em um processo educativo.

Auditoria Pública e Privada: Estudo de Caso Comparativo a Nivel da Análise Económico-Financeira e da informação Financeira Prospetiva

A globalização dos mercados e a consequente atuação das empresas a nível internacional, repercutiu-se no processo de harmonização e normalização contabilística do setor empresarial. Tal reforma ainda não ocorreu na Administração Pública, urgindo implementar um corpo de normas, aceite internacionalmente, que sejam transparentes, compreensíveis, fiáveis, consistentes e comparáveis à escala nacional e internacional. A par do sistema contabilístico surge a necessidade, legal ou opcional, de revisão às contas, no sentido de lhes conferir maior credibilidade e, em consequência, apoiar a tomada de decisões económicas por parte de todos os agentes. Neste sentido, quer na esfera empresarial, quer na esfera administrativa, o auditor acaba por assumir uma função de índole social, em virtude da sua atuação na defesa dos interesses coletivos. Na análise económico-financeira também se apresenta relevante para o processo decisório, centrando-se em torno de questões, tais como o equilíbrio financeiro, a rendibilidade dos capitais, o risco e a criação de valor. Embora, numa primeira análise, seja intuitiva a sua aplicabilidade somente ao setor empresarial; em certa medida, esta premissa deixou de se verificar com a New Public Management, orientada pela performance e contenção de custos. Numa era em que as alterações económicas, tecnológicas e sociais são constantes, definir e cumprir uma estratégia, tornou-se num dos objetivos mais importantes para os gestores empresariais, pelo que a contabilidade passou a abraçar uma vertente previsional, capaz de acrescentar valor nesse processo. Reportando-nos à realidade pública administrativa, o cenário de enquadramento difere, devido à sujeição orçamental que lhe é inerente. Neste sentido, esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar se no âmbito da auditoria realizada quer a uma entidade pública, quer a uma empresa, os objetivos, procedimentos e pressupostos são semelhantes no que respeita à análise económico-financeira e à informação financeira prospetiva.

A cidadania no contexto do estado constitucional democrático de direito brasileiro

The citizenship is a fundamental category to the democratic progress and the development and concretization of human rights, in addition to being one of the essential foundations of democratic contextualized in the rule of law of the Federative Republic of Brazil. That’s exactly why the discussion about its concept and content is a paramount requirement to the understanding and interpretation-application-concretization of the Federal Constitution of 1988, as well as its democracy, since there is no democracy without citizenship. That is why the general objective of the research is to determine the characteristics of the citizenship, relating it to the Law, as well as to discuss (critically) its inclusion in the list of fundamental rights and delimitate the scope of protection and the limits of this right, in the context of Brazilian law post-1988 Constitution. The specific objectives are: a) to analyze the concept of citizenship, its extent and scope, contextualizing it historically; b) to examine the evolution of the legal and regulatory treatment of the citizenship in Brazilian constitutions, focusing on the 1988 Constitution; c) assess whether citizenship can be considered a fundamental right; d) to investigate which implications, theoretical and practical, of assignment fundamentality character to the right to citizenship. This research identifies and deconstructs current conceptual confusions, such as the lack of distinction between citizenship and nationality; citizenship and electoral capacity; citizenship and person. It also helps to identify and oppose the generalizations, as well as the excessively abstract associations which tend to purely metaphysical understandings, fluid and empty of any content. The main virtue, however, is the proposed of understanding of the citizenship as a fundamental right and the examination of the relationship between citizenship and human dignity. In this context, citizenship appears as a corollary of human dignity and it goes beyond. This (human dignity) requires equality, non-arbitraries, non-excessive, disproportionate or unreasonable impositions affecting their freedom rights, and, yet, doesn’t affect a minimum core of possibilities of have to a decent life, in conditions of freedom and self-conformation involved in the necessary consideration of the individual as a subject. All of this requires a decision-making process, molded by the citizenship, which reaches the entire development process of possible state interventions, to ensure the person as a subject, the right holder and the objective point of reference of the juridical relations. Thus, the citizenship represents a substantial and beneficial addition to the human dignity, since the emancipated citizen is a person, formally and materially, qualified, to be able to build their own and collectively organized history, to participate effectively in the making processes decision juridical and social

Conselho estadual de meio ambiente do Rio Grande do Norte: paradigmas, proposições e atores sociais

The environmental movement rises up strongly in the year 1972 with the Stocolmus Conference, in the middle of pressions concerning the environmental preservation, in consequence of the environmental catastrophes. In spite of the fact that, in Brazil, the environmental movement has is institutionalization with the 1988 Constitution, in a way that the councils became democratic spaces, and provided the society’s participation in the management of public policies. In this way, we propose a discussion about the participation and the exercise of the citizenship in the State Council of Environment of Rio Grande do Norte (CONEMA), focusing the glance about the decisory process, as from the expression of the social actors. For that, our research compilate documents of the meetings of the referring council, transcribing the main discussions about the environmental necessities which were important in the potiguar society, and checking how these agents defend their interest during the meetings. We understand, with these informations, the role of CONEMA/RN as a communicative mechanism between State and Society. With the analysis of the informations of the extraordinary meetings from 2007 to 2014, we concluded that the CONEMA is a council where the civil organized society takes part on the decisory process, despite the great influence of the representative actors of public power over the representative actors of civil society. The results of this research confirm the discrepancy between the participation of representative councilors of civil society in CONEMA/RN. The conclusion point out that the civil society representative don’t, yet, assimilate the citizen duty, the responsibility of it1s action, producing, in this way, damages for the legal structure of the potiguar environmental legislation, with serious consequences on the public policy implementation

Deliberação e participação: dinâmica e efetividade do conselho de saúde de Mossoró/RN – 2009/2012

The social participation in Brazil takes a new impetus with the (re)democratization process of the Brazilian society and is strengthened by the resurgence of the civil society and the 1988 Constitution. In this context, the study is conducted with the scope to verify the effectiveness of deliberative Municipal Health Council of Mossoro (CMSM), with theoretical and methodological support based on the following models: the participatory normativity, which measures the degree of institutionalization, democratization and council representation; and the effectiveness of deliberative that, from the calling capacity and agenda of the participants, from the kinds of manifestation, from the decisions and the council’s office, that measures the degree of effectiveness of the deliberative council. It appears, thus, that the council has an average degree of effectiveness deliberative, standing out as means an institution that practice, despite the existence of obstacles and challenges, the role of control over municipal health policies, due, among other factors, the conservative political context, the asymmetry of resources between the counselors, the little substantive participation of the actors who attend its meetings, either counselor or not, and in particular, the reduced influence of the members in its decision-making process. In public management of Mossoro, social participation, especially social control over public actions, face, today, great number of difficulties to be held. The study recognizes that, in such circumstances, the council partially fulfills the role for which it was created, what does not impede, however, be characterized as an important deliberative space, since it allows the participation of representatives of the various segments of the state, society, their demands and intentions. Overcoming such obstacles moves through the interest of civil society to wake up and fight for the spaces in these institutions.

Políticas públicas de turismo: análise do desempenho das instâncias de governança turística e seus reflexos no fomento do turismo cultural no município de Manaus/AM (2003-2014)

This study has the main objective to analyze the role of the bodies of state and local governance of tourism, aimed at tourism development process in the city of Manaus / AM , by the public practices of planning, management and development activity in the respective municipality . To the specific objectives were established four aims: 1) To characterize the process of formation of governance entities active in tourism in the city of Manaus. 2) Lift the actions planned and executed by the authorities aimed at cultural tourism in the period 2003-2014. 3) To question through the perception of the actors representing the different classes and entities of the Amazonian society, the actions planned and executed by the authorities aimed at cultural tourism in the period 2003-2014 and 4) Identify key similarities and the differences in decision-making about actions aimed at cultural tourism in Manaus. We adopted a qualitative approach, using the methodological design of descriptive and exploratory, with the help of the use of the techniques of literature search, document, with on-site data collection through interviews with semi-structured script application forms to the representatives of sectorial institutions that make up the locations of governance in tourism. In addition, the treatment of information was used content analysis technique. In response to stated objectives, it can be concluded that the creation of public arenas, through the tourism of governance has enabled incipient discussion in a democratic manner and decision-making in the area of planning and management of tourism in Manaus. It was also observed that obstacles that hinder and undermine the structures of the bodies, which reflect the joint, in the promotion and cultural tourism development in the city of Manaus.

Tecnologia social para autogestão : um estudo em empreendedorismo econômico solidário da cadeia produtiva da cajucultura no Rio Grande do Norte

The theme of this dissertation is social technology for self-management: a study in economic enterprise supportive of Rio Grande do Norte. The research aimed to obtain evidence that the reapplication of technology management, basic economic-financial and pricing, as production costs, has the potential to contribute to the self-management of APABV. The social technology and self-management are theoretical frameworks used and where workers are central figures in both the generation and replication of technologies that are compatible with their realities, as in the conduct and management approach adopted by them in their venture, they are makers decisions. To achieve the proposed objective was accomplished participatory research, which was used in addition to document analysis, participatory methodologies such as the construction of the DRP, group interview, experience in the production environment and family of entrepreneurs APABV. This research allowed the management technologies such as spreadsheets controls basic economic and financial costs, when socialized and understood by workers has the potential informational and become part of their daily decision-making process of the project, making up social technology

Indicadores energéticos: instrumentos de apoio ao desenvolvimento sustentável

Energy indicators are tools to support decision-making on energy. The growing debate on sustainable development, contributed to the energy indicators began to incorporate, besides the traditional economic, social and environmental information. Therefore, taking sustainable development into account, it is important to know contributions and limitations of these tools. The overall goal of this study is to analyze the contributions and limitations of the energy indicators as assets to support sustainable development.This study can be classified as descriptive because it relies on bibliographical and documental material. As a result of documental analysis, 55 energy indicators for sustainable development (EISD) were selected. The selection took place by identification of those indicators through the institutions International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Helio International and World Energy Council (WEC), among 19 institutions involved in research on energy identified in the survey. The study stresses that most of the selected indicators focuses on the economic dimension, 19 EISDs (34.54%), followed by 10 EISDs (18.18%) focused on the environmental dimension, 9 EISDs (16.36%) focused on the social issues, 7 EISDs (12.45%) are classified as resilience, 4 EISDs (7.27%) is about governance, 3 EISDs (5.45%) focused on vulnerability and 3 EISDs (5.45%) is about policy. Despite the inclusion of indicators associated with other dimensions than economy, information provided by those indicators emerges as their own limitation. Because, recently, indicators’ information were used to promote sustainable development as well as the opposite. Additionally, the study identified EISDs whose components were not specified. They may enable generation of information far from the real scenario, if components dissociated EISD would be taking into consideration or even the non-consideration of relevant components. Despite limitations, EISDs assisting decision-makers contributes to the pursuit of sustainable development. But they may be improved through information about environmental issues, such as emission of atmospheric pollutants, soil and water, resulting from energy sources, helps identifying which sources are more or less harmful for sustainable development. However, difficulty in collecting data, identifying the components for calculation of each indicator and even interpretation of this, as analyzed, may not only fail to contribute to sustainable development, as can delay taking corrective or preventive decisions.

Proposta de um modelo de gestão de custos para pequenas propriedades rurais familiares com foco na tomada de decisão

This work was general-purpose, develop a proposal of a theoretical model of decisionmaking with a focus on management of small family farms costs, which enables support for decision making. And the following objectives: i) develop a structured methodology, which allows to form a literary basis to provide scientific support for the implementation of research; ii) develop based on the literature the dimensions and variables of the necessary models to propose an application and iii tooling) to implement the proposed model within the dimensions and variables, and validate every stage background and perform the necessary conclusions to verify the effectiveness of applied model. In terms of methodology, we used a structured methodology, which allowed forming a bibliographic portfolio of 29 articles, and through the research constructs developed, based on an existing model, an activity segmentation model for aid farmer of small family farms in the decision-making process with emphasis on cost management. The model was applied in six family farms in the South West region of Parana and Santa Catarina West. With regard to the search results, it was identified that the model can be applied to the specific context for which it was created. It was also possible to identify that the proposed model was valid and relevant to aid in the management of family farms by identifying, through the targeting of productive activities, investment priorities guided by the balance between managing costs and return activities. Moreover, possible to target the activities of six surveyed properties, demonstrating that the property 02, has the shape of more complex segmentation should be divided into three groups of activities, which can be conducted in parallel without any restrictions between activities. Other properties have the segmentation of the simplest activities, allowing viewing in this way that there are activities of groups that require prioritizing investments. Specifically the property 01 and 04 have the highest priority investment target groups, the most prominent activities of groups representing respectively 49.32% and 47.40%, which are represented by grain production activities on the property 01 and grain production, beef cattle and eggs on the property 04.

Apreciação de vetos presidenciais pelo Congresso Nacional brasileiro : poder de agenda do legislativo, não decisão, e obsolescência do veto

Analisa o processo decisório legislativo de vetos presidenciais pelo Congresso Nacional, no período de 1988 a 2014, para responder às seguintes questões: O que a não decisão do Congresso diz sobre o Legislativo, o sistema político e o veto? Quando e como o Congresso decidiu sobre vetos? As hipóteses formuladas são: o Legislativo exerceria seu poder de agenda ao inovar regras e procedimentos e ao não decidir; e o veto padeceria de obsolescência para o sistema político concreto. Para tanto se consideraram os 1.160 vetos presidenciais apostos no período analisado, bem como o comportamento das sete legislaturas pós-constitucionais que os apreciaram, em 263 sessões de vetos, descrevendo-se o percurso histórico do instituto e das regras e procedimentos utilizados no processo decisório de veto.

Tecnologia social para autogestão : um estudo em empreendedorismo econômico solidário da cadeia produtiva da cajucultura no Rio Grande do Norte

The theme of this dissertation is social technology for self-management: a study in economic enterprise supportive of Rio Grande do Norte. The research aimed to obtain evidence that the reapplication of technology management, basic economic-financial and pricing, as production costs, has the potential to contribute to the self-management of APABV. The social technology and self-management are theoretical frameworks used and where workers are central figures in both the generation and replication of technologies that are compatible with their realities, as in the conduct and management approach adopted by them in their venture, they are makers decisions. To achieve the proposed objective was accomplished participatory research, which was used in addition to document analysis, participatory methodologies such as the construction of the DRP, group interview, experience in the production environment and family of entrepreneurs APABV. This research allowed the management technologies such as spreadsheets controls basic economic and financial costs, when socialized and understood by workers has the potential informational and become part of their daily decision-making process of the project, making up social technology

Entre critérios, contextos e demandas : a trajetória do Comitê Assessor de Saúde Coletiva do CNPq

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, 2014.