Mudanças ambientais e desdobramentos evolutivos durante o paleogeno

O Paleogeno é um dos períodos da Era Cenozóica, que se distribui entre 65,5 a 23,03 milhões de anos, se localizando logo após o fim da Era Mesozóica, sucedendo o período Cretáceo. Paleoceno, Eoceno e Oligoceno são as épocas que compõem o Período Paleogeno. O Paleogeno pode ser definido como um período de clima quente quando analisado sob a óptica de toda a história geológica. As médias de temperatura para o período superam as temperaturas médias modernas em cerca de 10°C. Durante o Paleogeno também pode se observar eventos drásticos de aumento da temperatura do planeta, sendo possível traçar um paralelo, com o atual aquecimento global ocasionado pelo aumento da emissão de gases do efeito estufa, resguardado suas claras diferenças. A fronteira entre Cretáceo e Paleogeno se caracteriza pela segunda maior extinção da História Geológica do Planeta. Em conseqüência vivencia uma das mais importantes radiações filogenéticas, em todos os ambientes, em particular nos continentais terrestres, caracterizada pela explosão evolutiva dos mamíferos, que exploravam os nichos ecológicos deixados vagos pelo desaparecimento da maior parte dos arcossauromorfos mesozóicos. Somado a isto, no Paleogeno ocorreram importantes mudanças ambientais, abrangendo aspectos geotectônicos e climáticos, que levaram flora e fauna paleogênicas a sofrerem diversas modificações, a fim de se adaptarem ao novo cenário presente no Planeta.

Um estudo sobre aspectos da gestão dos resíduos sólidos no município de Ribeirão Preto (SP)

Since the beginning of it’s existence the humankind coexists with the production of waste, both organics and inorganics. Over the years the world population is raising, and consequently the different kinds of waste, causing significant problems not only for the public authorities, but also for the population, not only those related with its final or temporary destination but also with its crescent production. Considering it, the cities are not able to handle there volumes, and its landfills and dumps are working over their capacities, leading to a serie of environmental problems due to the lost of environmental quality and the natural and social vulnerabilities arising. This paper plans to working over visits, photographic registration and a review on the theme literature, study the perception and valuation of the landscape on the Ribeirão Preto landfill, São Paulo state (SP), that today is disabled but still an area of risk and environmental vulnerability, well as the perception of environmental quality in the surrounding population

Análise geomorfológica e de impactos ambientais da microbacia do Córrego Wenzel - Rio Claro/SP

This study aimed to survey and analyze the geomorphological aspects of watershed stream Wenzel in Rio Claro, as well as anthropogenic incidents about which he eventually causing serious environmental impacts. All these changes in the natural environment are generated from the constant development of the urban environment, which ends up leaving aside factors relevant to the natural order and that over time they become problems to humans. As various forms of environmental degradation occurring on some form of relief, geomorphology can make a major contribution in this field, since the analysis of the hydrographic network can lead to understanding and explanation of numerous geomorphological issues because the waterways are process morphogenetic the most active in the terrestrial landscape sculpture. The research with a systems approach and vision interrelated aspects in question may even serve as a basis for practical planning and urban management, in addition to detailed study of the area, which is of paramount importance to the local society

Contaminação radioativa: aspectos fundamentais associados à poluição nuclear

Since its discovery, radioactivity has brought numerous benefits to human societies. It has many applications in medicine, serving as a tool for non-invasive methods for diagnosis and therapies against diseases such as cancer. It also applies to technologies for energy in nuclear power plants with relatively low impacts on terms of perfect security. All applications, however, have risks, requiring maximum caution to drive processes and operations involving radioactive elements because, once released into the environment, they have extremely harmful effects on organisms affected. This paper presents fundamental concepts and principles of nuclear physics in order to understand the effects of radioactive elements released into the environment, culminating on the issue of radioactive contamination. Literature review allowed us to understand the radioactive contamination problem on living beings. Three major nuclear accidents have happened in the last thirty years, two of them in consecutive years. The nuclear accident at Chernobyl, Ukraine, in 1986, polluted large areas, condemning hundreds of thousands of people to live with consequences of the accident and effects of radiation, killing thousands of people throughout the years. In 1987, a major radiological accident occurred in Goiania (GO) when a source of radioactive cesium was violated, leading to the death of those who had direct or indirect contact with cesium. The most recent accident, in March, 2011, was located at the nuclear power plant in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, after an earthquake and tsunami hit the region. There is no extensive and accurate knowledge about the consequences of the contamination entailed in that accident, although it is possible to verify signals on a global scale. An analysis of reports of contamination of large areas generated by nuclear plants with release of hazardous wastes suggests it is necessary to rethink the energy matrix of the various countries...

Impactos ambientais decorrentes do processo de urbanização nas cabeceiras de drenagem do Córrego da Onça no município de Presidente Prudente – SP

O presente estudo tem por finalidade identificar os impactos ambientais decorrentes do processo de urbanização nas áreas das cabeceiras de drenagem do Córrego da Onça. O córrego em questão é um dos principais afluentes do Ribeirão Mandaguari e drena uma grande área do município de Presidente Prudente. A identificação dos impactos ambientais decorrentes da ocupação das áreas das cabeceiras de drenagem do Córrego da Onça foi baseada na análise da paisagem. Esta foi realizada a partir da inter-relação entre os aspectos históricos, urbanos e geomorfológicos. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico do processo de urbanização da cidade, através do qual se pôde compreender a forma como se deu a ocupação dessas áreas. Foram analisadas as características da paisagem local bem como as formas de uso e ocupação atuais do solo através de coleta de dados e informações em trabalhos acadêmicos, publicações, mapas e trabalhos de campo. No final do trabalho identificaram-se impactos ambientais decorrentes das formas de uso e ocupação do solo bem como da forma como se deu a implantação dos loteamentos

Aspectos do nicho de regeneração em duas espécies de Gochnatia (Asteraceae) em comunidade de cerrado

Pós-graduação em Biociências - FCLAS

Ensino de ciências no 5º ano do ensino fundamental: o currículo modelado e aspectos do currículo em ação

Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

A inclusão de temas ambientais nos cursos de Ciências Biológicas de universidades públicas paulistas

Environmental education (EE) is considered an essential component in individual education and requires prepared professionals to deal with the issues it covers. Teacher’s education courses should include the environmental dimension in their curriculum. Nevertheless, studies show that the EE in degrees occurs in an incipient way. This research aimed to analyze the inclusion of environmental issues in Biological Science teacher formation courses, at public universities in São Paulo. We analyzed the summaries of the disciplines in the curriculum of the courses in relation to the number of threads that refer to environmental issues. We found that the courses analyzed include the environmental dimension in the summaries of some disciplines, but in most of them, in an insignificant way. We also found that, in most cases, the disciplines are restricted to ecological aspects of environmental issues. We conclude that the investigated courses do not meet the recommendations of the legislation as regards the inclusion of the environmental dimension in the curriculum of teacher’s education.

Algas verdes coloniais em riachos de Unidades de Conservação do Sul do Brasil: taxonomia e aspectos ecológicos

Species of colonial green algae from 10 Conservation Units from the Southern Brazil were surveyed. The samplings were carried out in 105 stream reaches, consisting of 10 m length transects. In addition to biological data, some environmental variables were measured: depth, current velocity, water temperature, turbidity, specific conductance, pH, dissolved oxygen and nutrients (total nitrogen and orthophosphate). Three species of colonial green algae [Bohlin Ecballocystis pulvinata var. pulvinata, Tetraspora gelatinosa (Vaucher) Desvaux and T. lubrica (Roth) C Agard] were recorded and these species were described and illustrated. Based on the environmental data, it was observed some patterns of ecological distribution, including the occurrence of E. pulvinata var. pulvinata in environments with higher water temperature and current velocity values, while Tetraspora species typically occurred in environments with lower total nitrogen, orthophosphate and specific conductance values.

Impactos ambientais na bacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão Monjolo Grande, Ipeúna, SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Conflito de interesses ambientais e urbanísticos dentro do contexto da gestão sustentável de cidades de médio porte no Estado de São Paulo

Responsible entrepreneurs responsible for housing project "Vale do Sol III" (claim of deployment) had proposed technique in order to solve conflicts of interest, arising with respect to residents of Vale do Sol I (already implemented). Conflicts gave up due to environmental and urban problems, originated in a notification of responsible concessionaire for the administration of Marechal Rondon highway (entry and exit of people on the road, in the city of Botucatu, Sao Paulo state). This work, based on study case method, within a deductive approach, analyzed urban and environmental aspects of the area in order to contribute to sustainable management of medium-sized cities. There was, moreover, use of GIS software for purpose of supporting this technical analysis. Investigations were carried out within environmental and urban viewpoints about Água Fria watershed, as well as technical and legal basis arising devices both municipal and federal regulations. It was concluded that proposed project of Vale do Sol III, about containment of stormwater and alternative technical and locational traffic, not presented as necessary solution, sufficient and satisfactory in the sense of, at least, mitigate sustainability problems of surrounding area (Água Fria watershed, into which could insert even Vale do Sol I condominium, subject to notification).

Estudo da atuação dos metais zinco e cádmio sobre os aspectos reprodutivos da espécie Ceriodaphnia dubia geração parental e F1

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Mosquitos da Caatinga: biodiversidade, aspectos ecológicos e importância epidemiológica da fauna Culicidae do semiárido brasileiro

Em relação à fauna Culicidae, a Caatinga é um dos biomas mais desconhecidos do Brasil. Há carência de registro de ocorrência de culicídeos, bem como de estudos sobre as interações deles com o ambiente silvestre. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar biodiversidade e aspectos ecológicos e epidemiológicos da fauna Culicidae em áreas de conservação do bioma Caatinga. Para isso foram consideradas duas unidades de conservação da Caatinga e realizados 19 levantamentos entomológicos mensais e consecutivos. Foram realizadas coletas de formas imaturas de mosquitos em bromélias, ocos de árvore e criadouros de solo, além da coleta de mosquitos adultos de hábitos diurno, crepuscular e noturno. Ao todo, entre mosquitos adultos e imaturos associados a habitats fitotelmatas, foram coletados 11.456 culicídeos distribuídos em 28 espécies, das quais 11 eram desconhecidas para a ciência. A fauna de imaturos coletados em bromélias e ocos de árvore interferiu na composição da fauna de mosquitos adultos e houve variações na abundância e nos padrões de diversidade de acordo com fitofisionomia do ambiente. Temperatura e umidade foram os parâmetros ambientais mais fortemente associados à abundância de culicídeos. Foram registradas novas ocorrências de anofelinos, coletados em criadouros de solo, ampliando a distribuição das espécies para o semiárido brasileiro. Este é um estudo pioneiro acerca da biodiversidade da fauna Culicidae em áreas de conservação da Caatinga que apresenta uma rica e desconhecida fauna de culicídeos, inédita para a ciência.

Gestão e gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos: diretrizes jurídico-ambientais para a sustentabilidade

rates in the Brazilian cities, which time there is an inexistent theoretical reflection about public policy statement adding the way of Urban Solid Waste (USW) and tailing integrated management plans in the majorly Brazilian cities. The unappropriated solid waste disposal and final pollution result in a strong socioenvironmental problems and material extravagancies that should be used to recycling and reusing waste material, besides bringing immense challenges for the thematic Strategy Urban and Environmental Management it considers the Sustainable City Model. Moreover, this labor projects a discussion about USW problematic through legally and environmentally point of view, including the public environmental policy and the social technologies as resolution tactics. At that time, it reports rights, scientific articles, documents and Environmental Law Doctrine on findings thematic studies, also the propose displays an interdisciplinary research methodology which combines bibliographic method - focusing theory aspects of the legally environmentally guiding principle, public policy and social technologies. Those are theorist features very important to create a Municipal Integrated Solid Waste Management Plan (PMGIRS) - modus operandi of the Federal Law n. 12.305/2010 (National Solid Waste Policy - PNRS). That policy is interesting to receive financial resources from federal government (Cities Ministry; idem, Federal Decree n. 7.404/2010 and Federal Law n. 10.257/2001) helping the preservation of the environment, regional development, generation of jobs and income (art. 6º), in addition broadening spreading’s private companies dedicated to waste management. Consequently, the PNRS contains a set of guidelines and general procedures; it should be an operation of this legal policy contextualized by Social Technologies theory (TS) into social issues, legal, economic and environmental aspects. Therefore, this research notes the possibility of public policy statement implementation over and done with the PNRS by the terms of development and sustainability in the urban space.

Práticas sócio-ambientais no espaço escolar: uma reflexão sobre a percepção dos usuários de duas escolas do ensino fundamental em João Pessoa, Paraíba

In the social-historical moment we live in, it is each time more evident the necessity of the people to learn to deal with the environment in conscientious way, taking care of themselves properly through it. In this direction, considering the school as a place where children, young and adolescents spend great part of their time, this work had as objective to examine the perception of school environment for students, professors and employees of two schools in João Pessoa city - Centro Estadual Experimental de Ensino-Aprendizagem Sesquicentenário and Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental e Médio Presidente Emílio Garrastazu Médici (Experimental State Center of Learning-teaching Sesquicentenário and Basic and High State School Education Emilio Garrastazu Médici President). From the presupposed that the environments in which and with which people live reflect their daily practices, the field work searched to identify the social-environmental practices that characterize the relation of these users with the school and, from this understanding, to infer some of their concerns regarding the environment as a whole. To analyze the use of the available physical space in the two institutions it was opted the use of the After-Occupation Evaluation, one of the approaches that feed the process of building production or built set, rescuing aspects related to its use, operation and maintenance. Besides analyzing diverse school environments (such as classroom circulations/accesses, library, pedagogical and sportive spaces) in relation to the environmental comfort and the perceptions of the main users of the schools (pupils, professors and employees), the dissertation tried to inquire the care (ambient education) of these users with the school space. In general, it was verified that the two schools have evaluations and perceptions really different for four reasons: (i) management of the schools; (ii) the users perception; (III) localization of schools and (IV) feeling of place, territoriality and appropriation