OCULAR SYPHILIS IN A KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENT

We present a case of ocular syphilis after a renal transplantation involving progressive vision loss without clinically identifiable ocular disease. Electroretinography showed signs of ischemia, especially in the internal retina. A serological test was positive for syphilis. Lumbar puncture revealed lymphocytic meningitis and a positive serologic test for syphilis in the cerebrospinal fluid. The patient was treated with penicillin, and had a quick vision improvement. In the case of transplant recipients, clinicians should always consider the diagnosis of ocular syphilis in cases with unexplained visual acuity decrement, as this condition may cause serious complications if not treated.

Análise Retrospectiva e Caracterização Epidemiológica de 151 Casos de Inflamação Ocular

Objectivo: Analisar e caracterizar uma amostra de doentes de uma consulta de inflamação ocular. Material e Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de 503 consultas realizadas por um clínico entre 1 de Agosto de 2012 e 31 de Agosto de 2013 no Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central com recurso aos respectivos processos clínicos. Na análise da casuística da consulta foram incluídos 151 doentes. Desses, 24 padeciam de doenças auto-imunes em seguimento para monitorização de toxicidade a fármacos mas sem registo de qualquer episódio de uveíte, pelo que foram excluídos da avaliação estatística referente às uveítes. Dos 127 doentes com uveíte foram incluídos 197 olhos. Resultados: A média de idades foi de 53,8±16,5 anos, sendo 60% do sexo feminino e 40% masculino. A inflamação foi bilateral em 70 e unilateral em 57 doentes. O tipo de uveíte mais frequente foi a anterior (51,2%), seguida da panuveíte (21,3%), posterior (19,7%), intermédia (3,9%), episclerite (3,2%) e esclerite (0,8%). As etiologias foram agrupadas em: doenças sistémicas (34%), doenças infecciosas (30%), idiopáticas (27%) e patologias oculares específicas (9%). A acuidade visual média nos olhos com uveíte anterior foi 0.8, panuveíte 0.2, uveíte posterior 0.2, uveíte intermédia 0.7, episclerite e esclerite 1.0. Dos 197 olhos com uveíte, 27 (13,7%) foram submetidos a cirurgia de catarata e 5 (2,5%) a cirurgia de glaucoma. Conclusões: Apesar de se tratar de uma amostra relativamente pequena, reveste-se de importância dado ser fundamental conhecer a realidade em cada centro de referência de forma a optimizar os recursos disponíveis e a melhorar a abordagem clínica.

Is land surface temperature an earthquake precursor?

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies

Effects of Spatial Pattern of GreenSpace on Land Surface Temperature: A case study on Oasis City Aksu, northwest China

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.

Ocular Pulse Amplitude and Doppler Waveform Analysis in Glaucoma Patients

PURPOSE: To determine the correlation between ocular blood flow velocities and ocular pulse amplitude (OPA) in glaucoma patients using colour Doppler imaging (CDI) waveform analysis. METHOD: A prospective, observer-masked, case-control study was performed. OPA and blood flow variables from central retinal artery and vein (CRA, CRV), nasal and temporal short posterior ciliary arteries (NPCA, TPCA) and ophthalmic artery (OA) were obtained through dynamic contour tonometry and CDI, respectively. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were performed to explore the correlations between OPA and retrobulbar CDI waveform and systemic cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure, blood pressure amplitude, mean ocular perfusion pressure and peripheral pulse). RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-two patients were included [healthy controls: 55; primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG): 74; normal-tension glaucoma (NTG): 63]. OPA was statistically different between groups (Healthy: 3.17 ± 1.2 mmHg; NTG: 2.58 ± 1.2 mmHg; POAG: 2.60 ± 1.1 mmHg; p < 0.01), but not between the glaucoma groups (p = 0.60). Multiple regression models to explain OPA variance were made for each cohort (healthy: p < 0.001, r = 0.605; NTG: p = 0.003, r = 0.372; POAG: p < 0.001, r = 0.412). OPA was independently associated with retrobulbar CDI parameters in the healthy subjects and POAG patients (healthy CRV resistance index: β = 3.37, CI: 0.16-6.59; healthy NPCA mean systolic/diastolic velocity ratio: β = 1.34, CI: 0.52-2.15; POAG TPCA mean systolic velocity: β = 0.14, CI 0.05-0.23). OPA in the NTG group was associated with diastolic blood pressure and pulse rate (β = -0.04, CI: -0.06 to -0.01; β = -0.04, CI: -0.06 to -0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Vascular-related models provide a better explanation to OPA variance in healthy individuals than in glaucoma patients. The variables that influence OPA seem to be different in healthy, POAG and NTG patients.

Different in Vivo Reactivity Profile in Health Care Workers and Patients with Spina Bifida to Internal and External Latex Glove Surface-Derived Allergen Extracts

BACKGROUND: Allergy to natural rubber latex is a well-recognized health problem, especially among health care workers and patients with spina bifida. Despite latex sensitization being acquired in health institutions in both health care workers and patients with spina bifida, differences in allergen sensitization profiles have been described between these two risk groups. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the in vivo reactivity of health care workers and patients with spina bifida to extracts of internal and external surfaces of latex gloves and also to specific extracts enriched in major allergens for these risk groups. METHODS: Gloves from different manufacturers were used for protein extraction, and salt precipitation and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) were applied to obtain the enriched latex extracts. The major latex allergens were quantified by an enzyme immunoassay. The extracts obtained were tested in 14 volunteers using skin prick tests (SPT). RESULTS: Latex glove extracts enriched in the hydrophobic allergens that are most often seen in patients with spina bifida were obtained by selective precipitation, whereas HIC produced extracts enriched in the hydrophilic allergens commonly found in health care workers. The health care workers had positive SPTs to glove extracts from internal surfaces and to the hydrophilic allergen-enriched extracts. By contrast, patients with spina bifida had larger skin reactions both to external glove extracts and to the extracts enriched with the hydrophobic major allergens for this risk group. Despite the protein concentration of these extracts being less than half the concentration of the commercial extract, the weal-and-flare reactions were of similar magnitude. CONCLUSION: Using novel latex extracts, our study showed a different in vivo reactivity pattern in health care workers and in patients with spina bifida to extracts of the internal and external surfaces of gloves, which suggests that sensitization may occur by different routes of exposure, and that this influences the allergen reactivity profiles of these risk groups

Hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (anti-HBs) forming immune complexes in fulminant hepatitis

This paper reports an unusual pattern of serological HBV markers and the presence of HBsAg/anti-HBs immune complexes in serum samples from two patients with fulminant hepatitis from the Brazilian Western Amazon Basin. The diagnosis was made by both serologic tests and demonstration of antigen/antibody complexes by transmission electron microscopy. Concurrent Delta virus superinfection is also discussed.

Soroepidemiologia da toxoplasmose e avaliação ocular pela Tela de Amsler, em pacientes da zona rural, atendidos na unidade de saúde do município de Jaguapitã, PR, Brasil

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a soroepidemiologia do T. gondii e relato de problemas oculares em pacientes da zona rural que procuraram a unidade de saúde de Jaguapitã, Paraná. Soros de 82 pacientes foram submetidos a reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta, para detectar a presença de anticorpos anti-T. gondii da classe IgG, sendo a soropositividade considerada para diluições 3 1:16. Problemas oculares foram avaliados através da Tela de Amsler. Dos 82 soros avaliados 68 (82,9%) foram sororeagentes a toxoplasmose e 14 (17,1%) não reagentes. Os títulos mais frequentes foram de 64 (23/33,8%) e 256 (16/23,5%), e os maiores títulos foram de 4096 (8/11,8%). O teste da Tela de Amsler revelou 22 (26,8%) pacientes que relataram algum tipo de alteração, sendo que o sexo masculino foi um fator de proteção em relação ao sexo feminino (OR = 0,21 0,04 < OR < 0,86 c2 = 4,98 p = 0,02). No presente estudo os fatores de risco avaliados pelo inquérito sócio cultural e epidemiológico não revelaram diferenças estatísticas significativas. Através do presente trabalho observou-se que o T. gondii encontra-se amplamente distribuído na população estudada.

Genetic diversity and differentiation in natural Plasmodium falciparum populations inferred by molecular typing of the merozoite surface proteins 1 and 2

Genetic diversity and differentiation, inferred by typing the polymorphic genes coding for the merozoite surface proteins 1 (Msp-1) and 2 (Msp-2), were compared for 345 isolates belonging to seven Plasmodium falciparum populations from three continents. Both loci yielded similar estimates of genetic diversity for each population, but rather different patterns of between-population differentiation, suggesting that natural selection on these loci, rather than the transmission dynamics of P. falciparum, determines the variation in allele frequencies among populations.

Pesquisa de anticorpos anti Toxoplasma gondii em fluidos intra-oculares (humor vítreo e humor aquoso) de pacientes com toxoplasmose ocular, na cidade de Belém, PA

Foi realizada pesquisa de anticorpos IgG, IgM e IgA anti-Toxoplasma gondii no soro e fluidos intra-oculares (humor aquoso e vítreo) de pacientes com toxoplasmose ocular. A partir dos resultados obtidos verificou-se que anticorpos IgG e IgA intraocular anti-Toxoplasma gondii podem vir a ser importantes marcadores no diagnóstico de toxoplasmose ocular.

Avaliação do sinal de dor à compressão do globo ocular nas síndromes meníngeas infecciosas

As síndromes meníngeas infecciosas se constituem em emergência médica, cujo diagnóstico clínico-epidemiológico deve ser prontamente estabelecido para início precoce da terapêutica adequada. Entretanto, em muitos casos os dados clínicos não são suficientes para se confirmar ou afastar esse diagnóstico. Por isso, o objetivo de avaliar o sinal de dor à compressão do globo ocular em 57 pacientes com suspeita de síndrome meníngea infecciosa, de ambos os sexos e com idade igual ou superior a quatro anos. A sensibilidade (34,5%), especificidade (78,6%) e valores preditivos positivo (62,5%) e negativo (53,7%) da dor à compressão do globo ocular foram semelhantes à rigidez de nuca, sendo boa (Kappa=0,65) a concordância entre os dois observadores independentes. A dor à compressão do globo ocular, em conjunto com outros achados clínicos, pode ser de grande valia no processo diagnóstico de pacientes com síndromes meníngeas infeciosas.

Characterization and surface reconstruction of objects in tomographic images of composite materials

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática

Ocular lesions in gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) infected with low larval burden of Toxocara canis: observations using indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy

To study the frequency of ocular lesions in 30 gerbils infected with 100 embryonated eggs of Toxocara canis, indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy was performed 3, 10, 17, 24, 31 and 38 days after infection. All the animals presented larvae in the tissues and 80% presented ocular lesions. Hemorrhagic foci in the choroid and retina were present in 92% of the animals with ocular lesions. Retinal exudative lesions, vitreous lesions, vasculitis and retinal detachment were less frequent. Mobile larvae or larval tracks were observed in four (13.3%) animals. Histological examination confirmed the ophthalmoscopic observations, showing that the lesions were focal and sparse. In one animal, there was a larva in the retina, without inflammatory reaction around it. The results demonstrated that gerbils presented frequent ocular lesions after infection with Toxocara canis, even when infected with a small number of embryonated eggs. The lesions observed were focal, consisting mainly of hemorrhages with signs of reabsorption or inflammation in different segments of eye, and differing from the granulomatous lesions described in ocular larva migrans in humans.

Frequência de lesões sugestivas de toxoplasmose ocular em uma população rural do Estado do Rio de Janeiro

Para determinar a prevalência da toxoplasmose ocular na população em geral do bairro de Santa Rita de Cássia, Barra Mansa, RJ, foi realizado um estudo seccional no qual 1.071 indivíduos foram submetidos a testes sorológicos (IgG e IgM anti-Toxoplasma) e a exame físico e oftalmológico. O diagnóstico da toxoplasmose ocular presumida foi baseado em critérios clínicos, sorológicos e aspecto da lesão retinocoroidiana. As lesões foram classificadas em três tipos morfológicos: 1. Limites marcados com halo de hiperpigmentação e área de atrofia coriorretiniana central. 2. Halo hipopigmentado e área central hiperpigmentada e 3. Hiperpigmentadas ou hipopigmentadas. A prevalência de lesões cicatrizadas compatíveis com toxoplasmose ocular foi de 3,8% na população em geral e 5,8% entre os indivíduos com sorologia positiva para Toxoplasma gondii (65,9% dos indivíduos analisados), com predominância de: lesões do tipo 1 (41,5%), sexo feminino (68,3%), periféricas (58,5%) e menores que 3 diâmetros de disco (87,8%).