Elaboração do Plano de Classificação de fotografia para a divisão do Arquivo Municipal e Gestão Documental da Câmara Municipal de Sesimbra

Elaboração do plano de classificação do Arquivo Fotográfico da Divisão do Arquivo Municipal e Gestão Documental. Para a elaboração da morosa tarefa arquivística procedeu-se, primeiramente, à caracterização da estrutura orgânica e funcional do Arquivo Municipal de Sesimbra, quer no sistema de gestão documental, quer no plano de classificação do arquivo corrente. Atende-se, ainda, à classificação de clientes (quantificação e qualificação). Numa segundo fase, reconsideramos a fotografia como objeto direto da arquivística – a fotografia como documento de arquivo; a fotografia nos arquivos portugueses; as normas de classificação de fotografias, nacionais e internacionais e, finalmente, tomamos contato com as espécies fotográficas de Américo Ribeiro e Idaleciano Cabecinha, fotografias que representam aspetos singulares da vila piscatória de Sesimbra e suas gentes. Apresenta-se, no terminus desta investigação, o plano de classificação da Divisão do Arquivo Municipal e Gestão Documental. São descritos, por conseguinte, (i) objetivos, (ii) sistema e estrutura de classificação, (iii) descrição analítica codificada e, (iv) os elementos constitutivos do referido plano de classificação. Apresentamos, finalmente, um estudo arquivométrico de um dos acervos fotográficos – Fundo Doação Valdemar – do fotógrafo Idaleciano Cabecinha. Determinamos, assim, quais os temas e subtemas mais representativos da estética mimética de Cabecinha.

Casa-Museu Leal da Câmara: serviço educativo e estratégias de comunicação

RESUMO: A presente dissertação de Mestrado teve como objectivo a análise e caracterização das actividades do serviço educativo e das estratégias de comunicação da Casa-Museu de Leal da Câmara (CMLC). Partindo de um estudo de caso, pretendeu-se apresentar perspectivas futuras para o alargamento dos públicos, das actividades e das acções de comunicação na CMLC e em museus do mesmo tipo. Esta investigação incide sobre o período de 2003 a 2011, isto é, desde a criação do serviço educativo até aos dias de hoje. Para melhor conhecer o objecto de estudo torna-se necessário apresentar o artista/patrono e caracterizar o território (Rinchoa) onde se insere a CMLC, bem como a comunidade que habita no Município de Sintra. Esta comunidade, outrora chamada saloia, influenciou a obra do artista assim como as suas actividades. De modo a caracterizar o público-alvo das actividades educativas foram realizados inquéritos sobre o serviço educativo. Pretendeu-se com estes inquéritos, por um lado, conhecer o nível de satisfação do público escolar e não escolar e, por outro, aferir quais as condições que permitiriam o alargamento das actividades educativas ao público em geral. Tendo ainda por objectivo conhecer a visibilidade e os meios através dos quais o público teve conhecimento da CMLC, realizou-se o inquérito sobre comunicação. Para além dos inquéritos sobre o serviço educativo e comunicação foram ainda realizadas seis entrevistas, três das quais aos dirigentes da Câmara Municipal de Sintra directamente ligados aos destinos da CMLC e outras três entrevistas a parceiros e participantes nas actividades do serviço educativo. Após análise de todos os dados recolhidos conclui-se que o público-alvo do serviço educativo é o público escolar e que a CMLC é visitada maioritariamente pela comunidade local escolar. A maioria dos visitantes fica a conhecer a CMLC através de outros meios como a escola ou o trabalho e não através dos meios de comunicação onde a Casa-Museu é frequentemente divulgada. ABSTRACT: The aim of this Master's thesis was to analyze and characterize the activities of the educational service and communication strategies of the Casa Museu Leal da Câmara (CMLC). Starting from a case study, we have sought to present future prospects for extending the public, the activities and these communication actions from CMLC to the museums of the same type. This research focuses on the period from 2003 to 2011, i.e. (that is), since the creation of the educational service to the present day. To better understand the object of this study it is necessary to present the artist / patron and the territory around CMLC (Rinchoa) where it belongs, as well as the community that inhabits the Municipality of Sintra. This community, formerly known as rustic (saloia) has influenced the artist's work and his activities. There were conducted surveys about the educational service to further understand the target of the educational activities. This was intended to determine the level of school and non school public satisfaction with this service and the main needs for its extension to the general public. To understand the visibility and the means by which the public was aware of the CMLC an inquiry was held on the communication methods. In addition to inquiries about the educational service and communication six interviews were also carried out, three of which to the leaders of the Municipality of Sintra directly linked to the policies of the CMLC and the others to partners and participants in the activities of educational services. After analyzing all the data we have concluded that the target audience of educational services is the school public and that the CMLC is visited mostly by the local school community. Most visitors became aware of the CMLC through other means as school or workplace and not through the media where the CMLC is often released.

Limites e realidades do novo fundo de financiamento da Educação Básica (FUNDEB) no Munícipio de Nazarezinho - Paraíba - Brasil

Esta investigação faz um registro de um estudo de caso realizado com o objetivo de avaliar quais as contribuições trazidas pelo Fundo de Manutenção e Valorização da Educação Básica (FUNDEB) ao ensino fundamental, no Município de Nazarezinho – Paraíba/Brasil, no período de 2007 a 2009. O estudo está fundamentado nos principais acontecimentos históricos da educação brasileira: o financiamento educacional, as políticas de investimento e monitoramento internacional, as políticas neoliberais, o governo de Fernando Henrique Cardoso, a organização e vigência das principais legislações educacionais do país. Os principais programas educacionais da gestão do Presidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, origem e desenvolvimento do FUNDEB a nível nacional e local, também fundamentaram a pesquisa conceitos de qualidade, financiamento educacional e políticas educacionais. Como aporte teórico, buscou-se as principais referências brasileiras: Davies (2008), Pinto (2004), Arelaro (2005), Azevedo (2005) e (Saviani) (2008). Como metodologia foram utilizadas técnicas de análise documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas com professores da rede municipal de ensino. A amostra documental foi feita através de estudo dos relatórios, balanços, demonstrativos de receitas e despesas do FUNDEB, Atas do Conselho de Acompanhamento do FUNDEB. Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que o novo fundo, no citado município, trouxe significativas melhorias em vários aspectos educacionais: formação docente, aquisição de equipamentos e infraestrutura das escolas. Porém, na questão da aplicação condigna dos recursos, ainda são necessários ajustes. Também percebemos que o índice de evasão e repetência continua muito alto. A pesquisa trouxe contribuições efetivas no que diz respeito às informações sobre os recursos do FUNDEB, inclusive abrindo debate para que o município pudesse discutir as formas de aplicação dos recursos conforme a lei na sociedade e no Conselho de Acompanhamento do FUNDEB.

Land use for England and Wales: evaluation of management options to support 'good ecological status' in surface freshwaters

This paper analyses historic records of agricultural land use and management for England and Wales from 1931 and 1991 and uses export coefficient modelling to hindcast the impact of these practices on the rates of diffuse nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) export to water bodies for each of the major geo-climatic regions of England and Wales. Key trends indicate the importance of animal agriculture as a contributor to the total diffuse agricultural nutrient loading on waters, and the need to bring these sources under control if conditions suitable for sustaining 'Good Ecological Status' under the Water Framework Directive are to be generated. The analysis highlights the importance of measuring changes in nutrient loading in relation to the catchment-specific baseline state for different water bodies. The approach is also used to forecast the likely impact of broad regional scale scenarios on nutrient export to waters and highlights the need to take sensitive land out of production, introduce ceilings on fertilizer use and stocking densities, and controls on agricultural practice in higher risk areas where intensive agriculture is combined with a low intrinsic nutrient retention capacity, although the uncertainties associated with the modelling applied at this scale should be taken into account in the interpretation of model output. The paper advocates the need for a two-tiered approach to nutrient management, combining broad regional policies with targeted management in high risk areas at the catchment and farm scale.

A genetic algorithm for the design of a fuzzy controller for active queue management

Active queue management (AQM) policies are those policies of router queue management that allow for the detection of network congestion, the notification of such occurrences to the hosts on the network borders, and the adoption of a suitable control policy. This paper proposes the adoption of a fuzzy proportional integral (FPI) controller as an active queue manager for Internet routers. The analytical design of the proposed FPI controller is carried out in analogy with a proportional integral (PI) controller, which recently has been proposed for AQM. A genetic algorithm is proposed for tuning of the FPI controller parameters with respect to optimal disturbance rejection. In the paper the FPI controller design metodology is described and the results of the comparison with random early detection (RED), tail drop, and PI controller are presented.

Nitrogen management is essential to prevent tropical oil palm plantations from causing ozone pollution

More than half the world's rainforest has been lost to agriculture since the Industrial Revolution. Among the most widespread tropical crops is oil palm (Elaeis guineensis): global production now exceeds 35 million tonnes per year. In Malaysia, for example, 13% of land area is now oil palm plantation, compared with 1% in 1974. There are enormous pressures to increase palm oil production for food, domestic products, and, especially, biofuels. Greater use of palm oil for biofuel production is predicated on the assumption that palm oil is an “environmentally friendly” fuel feedstock. Here we show, using measurements and models, that oil palm plantations in Malaysia directly emit more oxides of nitrogen and volatile organic compounds than rainforest. These compounds lead to the production of ground-level ozone (O3), an air pollutant that damages human health, plants, and materials, reduces crop productivity, and has effects on the Earth's climate. Our measurements show that, at present, O3 concentrations do not differ significantly over rainforest and adjacent oil palm plantation landscapes. However, our model calculations predict that if concentrations of oxides of nitrogen in Borneo are allowed to reach those currently seen over rural North America and Europe, ground-level O3 concentrations will reach 100 parts per billion (109) volume (ppbv) and exceed levels known to be harmful to human health. Our study provides an early warning of the urgent need to develop policies that manage nitrogen emissions if the detrimental effects of palm oil production on air quality and climate are to be avoided.

The economic dimensions of integrating flood management and agri-environment through washland creation: a case from Somerset, England

In many river floodplains in the UK, there has been a long history of flood defence, land reclamation and water regime management for farming. In recent years, however, changing European and national policies with respect to farming, environment and flood management are encouraging a re-appraisal of land use in rural areas. In particular, there is scope to develop, through the use of appropriate promotional mechanisms, washland areas, which will simultaneously accommodate winter inundation, support extensive farming methods, deliver environmental benefits, and do this in a way which can underpin the rural economy. This paper explores the likely economic impacts of the development of flood storage and washland creation. In doing so, consideration is given to feasibility of this type of development, the environmental implications for a variety of habitats and species, and the financial and institutional mechanisms required to achieve implementation. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A method for evaluating alternative landscape management scenarios in relation to the biodiversity conservation of habitats

A perennial issue for land use policy is the evaluation of landscape biodiversity and the associated cost effectiveness of any biodiversity conservation policy actions. Based on the CUA methodology as applied to species conservation, this paper develops a methodology for evaluating the impact on habitats of alternative landscape management scenarios. The method incorporates three dimensions of habitats, quantity change, quality change and relative scarcity, and is illustrated in relation to the alternative landscape management scenarios for the Scottish Highlands (Cairngorms) study area of the BioScene project. The results demonstrate the value of the method for evaluating biodiversity conservation policies through their impact on habitats.

Challenges of linking scientific knowledge to river basin management policy: AquaTerra as a case study

The EU Project AquaTerra generates knowledge about the river-soil-sediment-groundwater system and delivers scientific information of value for river basin management. In this article, the use and ignorance of scientific knowledge in decision making is explored by a theoretical review. We elaborate on the 'two-communities theory', which explains the problems of the policy-science interface by relating and comparing the different cultures, contexts, and languages of researchers and policy makers. Within AquaTerra, the EUPOL subproject examines the policy-science interface with the aim of achieving a good connection between the scientific output of the project and EU policies. We have found two major barriers, namely language and resources, as well as two types of relevant relationships: those between different research communities and those between researchers and policy makers. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Nitrogen management is essential to prevent tropical oil palm plantations from causing ground-level ozone pollution

More than half the world's rainforest has been lost to agriculture since the Industrial Revolution. Among the most widespread tropical crops is oil palm (Elaeis guineensis): global production now exceeds 35 million tonnes per year. In Malaysia, for example, 13% of land area is now oil palm plantation, compared with 1% in 1974. There are enormous pressures to increase palm oil production for food, domestic products, and, especially, biofuels. Greater use of palm oil for biofuel production is predicated on the assumption that palm oil is an "environmentally friendly'' fuel feedstock. Here we show, using measurements and models, that oil palm plantations in Malaysia directly emit more oxides of nitrogen and volatile organic compounds than rainforest. These compounds lead to the production of ground-level ozone (O-3), an air pollutant that damages human health, plants, and materials, reduces crop productivity, and has effects on the Earth's climate. Our measurements show that, at present, O-3 concentrations do not differ significantly over rainforest and adjacent oil palm plantation landscapes. However, our model calculations predict that if concentrations of oxides of nitrogen in Borneo are allowed to reach those currently seen over rural North America and Europe, ground-level O-3 concentrations will reach 100 parts per billion (10(9)) volume (ppbv) and exceed levels known to be harmful to human health. Our study provides an early warning of the urgent need to develop policies that manage nitrogen emissions if the detrimental effects of palm oil production on air quality and climate are to be avoided.

Annual CREMRU-JCI survey of corporate estate management practices in Europe and North America: 1993-1997

This paper summarizes the results of the 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996 and 1997 surveys of chief real estate officers (CREO) from major organizations in Europe and North America. Since 1997 the annual survey is being undertaken jointly by the Corporate Real Estate Management Research Unit (CREMRU) and Johnson Controls Incorporate (JCI). The annual survey has been supported by the International Development Research Council (IDRC) and the International Association of Corporate Real Estate Executives (NACORE International), two leading professional associations concerned with this field of professional activity. The emphasis of this summary is on two aspects of the survey: the incidence of corporate real estate management (CREM) policies, functions and activities; and the assessment of knowledge or skills relevant to the CREM function in the future. Both are of paramount interest to the educational institutions concerned with CREM on both sides of the Atlantic. This includes the educational organs of international organizations concerned with corporate real estate, such as IDRC and NACORE, which play increasingly important roles in the education of their members. The CREMRUJCI annual survey will hopefully offer a useful tool in the international educational effort in this field

Does active management add any value?

The question as to whether active management adds any value above that of the funds investment policy is one of continual interest to investors. In order to investigate this issue in the UK real estate market we examine a number of related questions. First, how much return variability is explained by investment policy? Second, how similar are the policies across funds? Third, how much of a fund’s return is determined by investment policy? Finally, how was this added value achieved? Using data for 19 real estate funds we find that investment policy explains less than half of the variability in returns over time, nothing of the variation across funds and that more than 100% of a level of return is attributed to investment policy. The results also show UK real estate fund focus exclusively on trying to pick winners to add value and that in pursuit of active return fund mangers incur high tracking error risk, consequently, successful active management is very difficult to achieve. In addition, the results are dependent on the benchmark used to represent the investment policy of the fund. Nonetheless, active management can indeed add value to a real estate funds performance. This is the good news. The bad news is adding value is much more difficult to achieve than is generally accepted.

Saving the planet but losing the landscape: the impact of renewable energy policies on rural Britain

The main instrument of the Government's renewable energy policy is to promote wind power through regulation and subsidy. This gives rise to anomalies in rural planning when turbines are erected in sensitve areas in which other forms of development are strictly controlled. The situation is reviewed in the context of economic viability and considered also against the alternative of growing fuel crops. The latter are currently hampered by lack of Government support but could fulfil a useful secondary role of sustaining the agricultural sector and with it the management of lowland landscapes.