King Arthur and his knights.

Es la historia de este rey que vivió y luchó en Gran Bretaña. Se entra a conocer rl mundo de aventuras de Arturo y los caballeros de la Mesa Redonda, una de las leyendas más conocidas del mundo. Incluye dossieres sobre los caballeros y los castillos medievales, además de distintas actividades lingüísticas, ejercicios de estilo KET y Trinity.

La Morte d'Arthur de Malory.

Hasta hace poco la edición clásica de la morte dïArthur, escrita por Sir Thomas Malory, fue la publicada en 1845. Pero en 1934, Mister Oakeshott descubrió un manuscrito de los Romances de Arturo, escrito por Malory que diferia de aquélla. Se calificó como el descubrimiento literario mas interesante del siglo XX.. La leyenda de Arturo es uno de los principales temas de la poesía romántica inglesa y para la moderna literatura nacional, la fuente principal es la Morte dïArthur de Malory. La leyenda del rey Arturo fue creada parcialmente en Gran Bretaña por los escritores anglonormandos, fue elaborada en Francia durante los siglos XII y XIII, y después se extendió a todos los países europeos. Hacia el siglo XV, el material llegó a ser abundante y complejo. Las sencillas historias de Arturo, Lancelote, Tristán y el Santo Grial quedaron enterradas bajo las numerosas continuaciones, modificaciones y nuevas aventuras, siendo imposible para el lector ordinario distinguir el original de las adiciones. Cuando Malory la hizo y la publicó Caxton fue una obra inspirada y feliz para la literatura inglesa. No se disponía en inglés de nada utilizable y los fines de Caxton eran los mismos que los de Malory vender libros y orientar a sus lectores a través de una literatura entretenida. La copia manuscrita de Malory descubierta por Oakeshott arroja mucha luz de los métodos seguidos por el editor y resuelve muchas dudas de su autor y la época en que vivió, siglo XV. Existe una dualidad entre la vida del protagonista y la de su autor.

Las vocales de Arthur Rimbaud.

Se presenta un estudio comparativo sobre la labor de tres traductores ecuatorianos del soneto rimbaldiano 'Volleyes'. Se incluye el original de Rimbaud, y las versiones de Díez-Canedo, Bacarisse y, la más reciente de Falconí Villagómez.

Megnin re-analysed: the case of the newborn baby girl, Paris, 1878

This paper analyses acarological evidence from a 130-year-old forensic investigation. It was the first case in forensic acarology, i.e., the first case where mites provided substantial information to estimate the post-mortem interval (PMI). In 1878, the mites found in the mummified body of a newborn baby girl in Paris, France, were studied by acarologist and forensic entomologist Jean Pierre M,gnin. M,gnin estimated around 2.4 million mites in the skull and identified them as Tyroglyphus longior (Gervais), a junior synonym of Tyrophagus longior. He suggested that the arrival of these mites at the corpse would have occurred by phoresy on carrier insects, roughly 5 months before the autopsy. There is no doubt about the identification of the mites, M,gnin was a highly respected acarologist. However, two main factors affecting the biology of Tyrophagus mites were not included in the original analysis. First, M,gnin stated that the mites were phoretic. However, he probably did not have access to information about the natural history of the species, because as a rule Tyrophagus mites are non-phoretic. Considering the omnipresence of Tyrophagus mites in soil, most likely the mites will have arrived almost immediately after death. Second, temperature was not taken into account during the estimations of the mite population growth rate. The new analysis is based on current knowledge of Tyrophagus biology and includes temperature, estimated following a handful of weather reports of the years 1877 and 1878. The new projections indicate that non-phoretic mites may have colonised the body just after death and the colony would have built up over 8 months, contrary to the 5 months proposed by M,gnin. This new lapse of time agrees with the PMI proposed by Brouardel: on 15 January 1878 he postulated the death of the newborn to have occurred some 8 months before the autopsy.

"De rappels en prédictions, savoir convaincre et savoir agir : le rôle ambigu de Merlin, de la naissance d'Arthur à son accès au trône de Bretagne (dans le Merlin en prose et la Suite Vulgate)"

Bénéficiant de la connaissance du passé, du présent et du futur, Merlin ne se contente pas de rappeler, observer, ou prédire, mais il agit et influence le cours de l'histoire en favorisant la conception problématique d'Arthur. L'étude porte sur la nature et la portée de son investissement dans une trame narrative où il n'a de cesse d'argumenter, de convaincre, et de se justifier.

Entre histoire et fiction: la représentation du règne d'Arthur dans le manuscrit enluminé du Brut en prose, Londres, Lambeth Palace 6 (c. 1480)

The manuscript London, Lambeth Palace 6, contains the Middle English prose Brut, a text which benefited from a great popularity throughout the fifteenth century. It was copied by an English scribe and richly illuminated by the Master of Edward IV and his assistants at Bruges around 1480. This article studies the representation and integration of the reign of Arthur in the historical framework of the Brut or Chronicles of England, including its fictional aspects: Arthur emerges as a historical character but also as a chivalric and mythical figure. The analysis covers the miniatures ranging from the plot leading to the conception of Arthur to the end of his reign (fols. 36-66). The textual and iconographic choices of the prose Bruts are highlighted by comparisons with Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Historia Regum Britanniae, Wace’s Brut, and later prose rewritings in the Lancelot-Grail romance cycle, especially Merlin and its Vulgate Sequel. They show the continuous interest raised by Arthur in the aristocratic and royal circles of late fifteenth century England and the relationship be¬tween continental and insular historiographical, literary and artistic traditions.

Arthur et ses barons rebelles: la fin remaniée et abrégée de la Suite Vulgate dans le manuscrit du cycle du Graal, Paris, BNF fr. 344

The ms. Paris, BnF, fr. 344 was produced in Lorraine at the end of the thirteenth century and contains the whole Lancelot-Grail cycle. It presents an abridged version of the end of the Vulgate Sequel to Merlin. The rewriting of the end of the sequel glosses over the romantic episodes of the common version and focuses on the figure of Arthur, a legitimate sovereign and skilful war leader confronted by his barons’ dissidence. From the end of f° 182 to f° 184v°, BnF, fr. 344, narrates the departure of Kings Ban and Bohort for the Continent, the embassy of King Loth and his sons, and the fight against the Saxons of the Christian coalition gathered at Logres for the feast of the Holy Cross. This article shows the ideological implications of the abridgement and the illustration used at the end of the Vulgate Sequel in ms. fr. 344, as it exalts Arthur’s kingship and insists on the rallying, penance and submission of his rebelled vassals.