Social communication deficits: specific associations with Social Anxiety Disorder

Background Social communication deficits are prevalent amongst children with anxiety disorders; however whether they are over-represented specifically among children with Social Anxiety Disorder has not been examined. This study set out to examine social communication deficits among children with Social Anxiety Disorder in comparison to children with other forms of anxiety disorder. Methods Parents of 404 children with a diagnosed anxiety disorder completed the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ; Rutter, M., Bailey, A., Lord, C., 2003. The Social Communication Questionnaire – Manual. Western Psychological Services, Los Angeles, CA). Children with a diagnosis of Social Anxiety Disorder (n=262) and anxious children without Social Anxiety Disorder (n=142) were compared on SCQ total and subscale scores and the frequency of participants scoring above clinical cut-offs. Results Children with Social Anxiety Disorder scored significantly higher than anxious children without Social Anxiety Disorder on the SCQ total (t(352)=4.85, p<.001, d=.55, r=.27), Reciprocal Social Interaction (t(351)=4.73, p<.001, d=.55, r=.27), communication (t(344)=3.62, p<.001, d=.43, r=.21) and repetitive, restrictive and stereotyped behaviors subscales (t(353)=3.15, p=.002, d=.37, r=.18). Furthermore, children with Social Anxiety Disorder were three times more likely to score above clinical cut-offs. Limitations The participants were a relatively affluent group of predominantly non-minority status. The social communication difficulties measure relied on parental report which could be influenced by extraneous factors. Conclusions Treatments for Social Anxiety Disorder may benefit from a specific focus on developing social communication skills. Future research using objective assessments of underlying social communication skills is required.

A Linguistic Analysis of Spanglish: Relating Language to Identity.

According to the 2000 census, 35.3 million Hispanics live in the United States. This number comprises 12.5% of the overall population rendering the Latino community the largest minority in the United States. The Mexican community is not only the largest Hispanic group but also the fastest growing: from 1990 to 2000, the Mexican population grew 52.9% increasing from 13.5 million to 20.6 million (U.S. Department of Commerce News, 2001). The influx of Mexican immigrants coupled with the expansion of their community within the United States has created an unparalleled situation of language contact. Language is synonymous with identity (cf. Granger, 2004, and works cited within). To the extent that this is true, Spanish is synonymous with being Mexican and by extension, Chicano. With the advent of amnesty programs such as Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA), which naturalized millions of Mexican migrants, what was once a temporal migratory population has become increasingly permanent (Durand et al., 1999). In an effort to conserve Mexican traditions and identity, the struggle to preserve the mother tongue while at the same time acculturate to mainstream Americana has resulted in a variant of Spanglish that has received little attention. This paper will examine the variant of Spanglish seen in the greater Los Angeles area and liken it to the bi-national identity under which these Mexican Americans thrive.

Interactive sensory objects for and by people with learning disabilities

This project engages people with learning disabilities to participate as co-researchers and explore museum interpretation through multisensory workshops using microcontrollers and sensors to enable alternative interactive visitor experiences in museums and heritage sites. This article describes how the project brings together artists, engineers, and experts in multimedia advocacy, as well as people with learning disabilities in the co-design of interactive multisensory objects that replicate or respond to objects of cultural significance in our national collections. Through a series of staged multi-sensory art and electronics workshops, people with learning disabilities explore how the different senses could be utilised to augment existing artefacts or create entirely new ones. The co-researchers employ multimedia advocacy tools to reflect on and to communicate their experiences and findings.

Immigration, security and the public debate on US language policy : a critical discourse analysis of language attitudes in the United States of America

The narrative of the United States is of a "nation of immigrants" in which the language shift patterns of earlier ethnolinguistic groups have tended towards linguistic assimilation through English. In recent years, however, changes in the demographic landscape and language maintenance by non-English speaking immigrants, particularly Hispanics, have been perceived as threats and have led to calls for an official English language policy.This thesis aims to contribute to the study of language policy making from a societal security perspective as expressed in attitudes regarding language and identity originating in the daily interaction between language groups. The focus is on the role of language and American identity in relation to immigration. The study takes an interdisciplinary approach combining language policy studies, security theory, and critical discourse analysis. The material consists of articles collected from four newspapers, namely USA Today, The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, and San Francisco Chronicle between April 2006 and December 2007.Two discourse types are evident from the analysis namely Loyalty and Efficiency. The former is mainly marked by concerns of national identity and contains speech acts of security related to language shift, choice and English for unity. Immigrants are represented as dehumanised, and harmful. Immigration is given as sovereignty-related, racial, and as war. The discourse type of Efficiency is mainly instrumental and contains speech acts of security related to cost, provision of services, health and safety, and social mobility. Immigrants are further represented as a labour resource. These discourse types reflect how the construction of the linguistic 'we' is expected to be maintained. Loyalty is triggered by arguments that the collective identity is threatened and is itself used in reproducing the collective 'we' through hegemonic expressions of monolingualism in the public space and semi-public space. The denigration of immigrants is used as a tool for enhancing societal security through solidarity and as a possible justification for the denial of minority rights. Also, although language acquisition patterns still follow the historical trend of language shift, factors indicating cultural separateness such as the appearance of speech communities or the use of minority languages in the public space and semi-public space have led to manifestations of intolerance. Examples of discrimination and prejudice towards minority groups indicate that the perception of worth of a shared language differs from the actual worth of dominant language acquisition for integration purposes. The study further indicates that the efficient working of the free market by using minority languages to sell services or buy labour is perceived as conflicting with nation-building notions since it may create separately functioning sub-communities with a new cultural capital recognised as legitimate competence. The discourse types mainly represent securitising moves constructing existential threats. The perception of threat and ideas of national belonging are primarily based on a zero-sum notion favouring monolingualism. Further, the identity of the immigrant individual is seen as dynamic and adaptable to assimilationist measures whereas the identity of the state and its members are perceived as static. Also, the study shows that debates concerning language status are linked to extra-linguistic matters. To conclude, policy makers in the US need to consider the relationship between four factors, namely societal security based on collective identity, individual/human security, human rights, and a changing linguistic demography, for proposed language intervention measures to be successful.

System Integration of PV/T Collectors in Solar Cooling Systems

The demand for cooling and air-conditioning of building is increasingly ever growing. This increase is mostly due to population and economic growth in developing countries, and also desire for a higher quality of thermal comfort. Increase in the use of conventional cooling systems results in larger carbon footprint and more greenhouse gases considering their higher electricity consumption, and it occasionally creates peaks in electricity demand from power supply grid. Solar energy as a renewable energy source is an alternative to drive the cooling machines since the cooling load is generally high when solar radiation is high. This thesis examines the performance of PV/T solar collector manufactured by Solarus company in a solar cooling system for an office building in Dubai, New Delhi, Los Angeles and Cape Town. The study is carried out by analyzing climate data and the requirements for thermal comfort in office buildings. Cooling systems strongly depend on weather conditions and local climate. Cooling load of buildings depend on many parameters such as ambient temperature, indoor comfort temperature, solar gain to the building and internal gains including; number of occupant and electrical devices. The simulations were carried out by selecting a suitable thermally driven chiller and modeling it with PV/T solar collector in Polysun software. Fractional primary energy saving and solar fraction were introduced as key figures of the project to evaluate the performance of cooling system. Several parametric studies and simulations were determined according to PV/T aperture area and hot water storage tank volume. The fractional primary energy saving analysis revealed that thermally driven chillers, particularly adsorption chillers are not suitable to be utilizing in small size of solar cooling systems in hot and tropic climates such as Dubai and New Delhi. Adsorption chillers require more thermal energy to meet the cooling load in hot and dry climates. The adsorption chillers operate in their full capacity and in higher coefficient of performance when they run in a moderate climate since they can properly reject the exhaust heat. The simulation results also indicated that PV/T solar collector have higher efficiency in warmer climates, however it requires a larger size of PV/T collectors to supply the thermally driven chillers for providing cooling in hot climates. Therefore using an electrical chiller as backup gives much better results in terms of primary energy savings, since PV/T electrical production also can be used for backup electrical chiller in a net metering mechanism.

Estudo do comportamento mecânico de basaltos alternados do Rio Grande do Sul para emprego em pavimentos rodoviários

O trabalho compreende o estudo de basalto alterado, popularmente denominado basalto decomposto, visando a caracterização de seu comportamento mecânico para fins de emprego na estrutura de pavimentos. É investigada a aptidão de ensaios tradicionais em pavimentação para a avaliação de rochas basálticas alteradas. Para tal, foram selecionadas dez jazidas distribuídas sobre os derrames basálticos do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Tais jazidas são caracterizadas por seus índices físicos e descrições petrográficas com análise de lâminas delgadas. São utilizados os ensaios já tradicionais na engenharia de pavimentos, tais como ensaio de abrasão Los Angeles, e o ensaio de durabilidade ao sulfato de sódio, além de outros, de uso mais recente, como o ensaio de degradação do Estado de Washington e o de compressão puntiforme. Estes ensaios mostram-se parcialmente eficientes na seleção de rochas basálticas alteradas. A partir do ensaio de compressão puntiforme, é proposto um método para auxiliar na especificação de basaltos alterados para uso como base e sub-base em pavimentação. Este método mostrou-se concordante com os ensaios rotineiros. Baseado nos valores apresentados pelos basaltos estudados, estes aparentemente exibem qualidades que justificam seu uso em camadas de base e sub-base de pavimentos, sendo possível recomendar sua utilização, especialmente em rodovias coletoras com características de tráfego leve, reconhecendo-se que, ao nível atual de conhecimento, necessita-se de mais dados para avalizar o uso mais amplo.

Escória de aciaria elétrica em camadas granulares de pavimentos : estudo laboratorial

Esta dissertação apresenta os resultados de um estudo sobre o emprego da escória de aciaria elétrica como agregado para pavimentação. Este tipo de resíduo é gerado durante o processo de produção do aço em siderúrgicas que utilizam fornos elétricos a arco. As características mecânicas do agregado foram determinadas através de ensaios de granulometria, durabilidade ao sulfato de sódio, abrasão no equipamento de Los Angeles, compactação, índice de suporte Califórnia e módulo de resiliência. Constatou-se a necessidade de corrigir a granulometria da escória, procedimento que melhorou significativamente a capacidade de suporte e a trabalhabilidade do material. Através da avaliação do potencial expansivo do material concluiu-se que o tempo de estocagem mínimo para liberação do agregado é 4 meses. Após a correção granulométrica, a escória apresentou módulos de resiliência superiores aos de materiais granulares tradicionais, resultando em pavimentos mais esbeltos e econômicos. As características ambientais foram avaliadas através de ensaios de lixiviação e solubilização e o resíduo classificado como classe lI, ou seja, nãoinerte. Adicionalmente analisou-se a possibilidade de melhorar as características de resistência e trabalhabilidade do agregado através da adição de outros resíduos industriais (cinza pesada e cal de carbureto). Determinou-se a mistura ótima e avaliaram-se as característicasambientais e de deformabilidadeelástica. Os resultados do estudo permitem concluir que a escória de aciaria elétrica pode ser empregada como material de pavimentação, seja por meio de estabilização granulométrica ou pela modificação com cinza pesada e cal de carbureto, não provocando riscos ao meio ambiente e à saúde pública e proporcionando boa qualidade técnica e notáveis benefícios ambientais e econômicos.

Comportamento mecânico de agregados de basaltos alterados para pavimentação, rejeitos de garimpo de ametista

Nos últimos anos, a pesquisa de materiais alternativos de pavimentação vem ganhando projeção no meio acadêmico. Estes materiais apresentam restrições quanto ao seu uso em rodovias de elevado volume de tráfego, mas geralmente atendem adequadamente às exigências de estradas de baixo volume de tráfego, às quais se destinam. Eles apresentam características muito importantes: baixo custo, proximidade com o trecho a ser pavimentado e disponibilidade. Alguns materiais alternativos estudados são as rochas vulcânicas alteradas, as lateritas e plintossolos, entre outros. Nesta dissertação, avalia-se o comportamento mecânico para emprego em pavimentação de dois basaltos alterados que são rejeitos de garimpo da extração de ametista. Os materiais foram recolhidos em fragmentos, resultado do desmonte para abertura das galerias para garimpo. Existem dois materiais disponíveis denominados de laje e cascalho, com graus de alteração e características bem diferenciados. No estudo, experimental analisaram-se a durabilidade e a deformabilidade. Foram realizados ensaios de abrasão Los Angeles, sanidade a sulfatos, equivalente de areia, lamelaridade, módulo de resiliência e deformações permanentes. Os agregados foram submetidos a uma britagem simples, de forma a obter-se uma granulometria denominada GU1 (objeto de estudos prévios realizados no Laboratório de Pavimentação da UFRGS) Os dois materiais apresentaram resultados satisfatórios em termos de resistência, deformabilidade e durabilidade, sendo recomendado o seu uso na pavimentação de rodovias de baixo volume de tráfego. O material designado como laje pode ser usado como sub-base, desde que se assegure uma boa drenagem que evite a degradação decorrente de constantes ciclos de molhagem e secagem. O cascalho pode ser usado tanto como sub-base ou base. Recomenda-se a aplicação de uma camada asfáltica impermeabilizante, quando não for possível a execução do revestimento em curto prazo. Apresenta-se, nos capítulos finais, uma análise mecanística e algumas estruturas que incluem os materiais estudados nas camadas de base e sub-base, bem como recomendações construtivas destinadas a otimizar o emprego desses materiais em pavimentos.

Desafios arquivísticos contemporâneos - Um paradigma arquivístico para o século XXI

Conferência de Anne Gilliland, diretora do Center for Information as Evidence do Departamento de Estudos da Informação da Universidade da Califórnia, Los Angeles. Esta conferência abre a mesa "Arquivos, metadados, nuvens: os desafios do mundo digital", realizada no âmbito do seminário "Desafios arquivísticos contemporâneos - seminário em torno dos 40 anos do CPDOC".

Oscar 'político' repercute nas redes sociais

Neste domingo, na noite de 22 de fevereiro, ocorreu no Dolby Theatre, em Los Angeles, a 87ª cerimônia de entrega do Oscar, que foi marcada por discursos politizados e de cunho reivindicatório – e que, inclusive, roubaram a cena nas redes sociais dos filmes e astros que ganharam prêmios. A quantidade de menções no Twitter ao Oscar, com as respectivas hashtags, dá a justa medida da relevância do evento: em 24 horas, foram 11,4 milhões de postagens no mundo inteiro, segundo levantamento da FGV/DAPP.

Cor de vestido divide as redes sociais

Jornal da Globo News, Edição das 18h

Palmistichus elaeisis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitizing pupae of Citioica anthonilis (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) collected on Piptadenia gonoacantha (Fabaceae)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Contextualização da pesca mundial de lagostas e características de comercialização de Scyllarides spp. E Panulirus spp. na Baixada Santista, estado de São Paulo, Brasil

This study aimed to contextualize the world's lobster fishing and identify the characteristics of their trades in Santos region (SP). For this purpose, were realized surveys about the captures of 56 years referring the families traded in the world through the informations supplied by the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). To State of São Paulo, consults were made in the data base Propesq (Fishing Institute) about the fishing and prices. Besides interviews in fishmonger, businessmen of fishing and restaurant, we observed the trade and the economical potential compared the lobsters Scyllarides spp. and Panulirus spp. The worldwide the family Nephropidae is the one that has been presenting bigger growth in the captures from 1950 and the one that has the biggest observed captures, the Palinuridae showed a little growth of the captures up to the 80' years, and leaving from there it is oscillating without many expressive changes; Scyllarides began to stand out as fisheries only 70' in Asia, precisely where the other two Families had low catches proportional. In the State of São Paulo, two types of lobsters are sold in Baixada Santista, with conspicuous differences in prices between them. There is also a difference in the flow of trade in relation to active fishing gear. Traders notice a decrease in both abundance and size of individuals of both genders and a clear preference to sell the slippers lobsters (Scyllarides spp.) both for the quality of meat as the lowest price.