Sobrevivência e tamanho populacional do Tiê-preto Tachyphonus Rufus (aves: thraupidae) em fragmento de restinga no extremo Norte da Mata Atlântica

For a long time, we believed in the pattern that tropical and south hemisphere species have high survival. Nowadays results began to contradict this pattern, indicating the need for further studies. Despite the advanced state of the study of bird population parameters, little is known about their variation throughout the year and the factors affecting them. Reproduction, for example, is one factor that may alter adult survival rates, because during this process the breeding pair allocates resources to maintain itself to maintain offspring, making itself more susceptible to diseases and predation. The aim of this study was to estimate survival and population size of a Central and South America passerine, Tachyphonus rufus (Boddaert, 1783), testing hypotheses about the factors that define these parameters. We performed data collection between Nov/2010 and ago/2012 in 12 ha plot, in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in northeastern Brazil. We used capture-mark-recapture methods to generate estimates using Closed Design Robust model in the program MARK. We generated Multi-state models to test some assumptions inherent to Closed Robust Design. The influence of co-variables (time, rain and reproductive cycle) and the effect of transient individuals were measured. Capture, recapture and apparent survival parameters were defined by reproductive cycle, while temporary dispersal was influence by rain. The estimates showed a higher apparent survival during the non-breeding period (92% ± 1%) than during breeding (40% ± 9%), revealing a cost of reproduction and suggesting a trade-off between surviving and reproducing. The low annual survival observed (34%) did not corroborate the pattern of high rates expected for a tropical bird. The largest population size was estimated to be 56 individuals in Nov/11, explained by high recruitment of juveniles, while the lowest observed in May/12: 10 individuals, probably as a result of massive influx of competitor species. Results from this study add to the growing literature on life history of Neotropical species. We encourage studies like this especially in Brazil, where there are few information, and suggest that covariates related to habitat quality and environmental changes should be tested, so that we can generate increasingly reliable models

Sobrevivência de adultos e estimativa populacional da guaracava-de-topete-uniforme elaenia cristata (aves: tyrannidae) em fragmento de mata atlântica no Nordeste do Brasil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Cigarras (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Tibicinidae) associadas ao cafeeiro: distribuição, hospedeiros e chave para as espécies

É apresentada a distribuição de 10 espécies de cigarras associadas ao cafeeiro, Coffea arabica, nos Estados de Minas Gerais, São Paulo e Paraná, Brasil. A informação sobre a distribuição geográfica destas espécies no Continente Americano, afora o Brasil, foi baseada na literatura. Para o Brasil, as localidades de ocorrência de cigarras foram baseadas na literatura, nos levantamentos realizados e em exemplares de coleções nacionais. Outros sete hospedeiros, além do cafeeiro, foram também registrados: esponjeira (Acacia farnesiana), sibipiruna (Caesalpinia peltophoroides), Cassia spp., amoreira (Morus alba), abacateiro (Persea americana), angico (Piptadenia sp.) e cacaueiro (Theobroma cacao). São apresentadas chaves de identificação, baseadas nas características gerais e na genitália masculina.

Helminthological screening of free-ranging grey brocket deer Mazama gouazoubira Fischer, 1817 (Cervidae: Odocoileini) from Brazilian Pantanal wetlands, with considerations on Pygarginema verrucosa (Molin, 1860) Kadenatzii, 1948 (Spirocercidae: Ascaropsinae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Distribuição do Tamanho de Poros em Cascas de Ovos Determinada pela Porosimetria de Mercúrio

Neste trabalho foi aplicada a porosimetria de mercúrio na caracterização da porosidade de cascas de ovos de poedeiras com 28 semanas de idade. Aplicando-se a técnica de porosimetria de mercúrio, pudemos descrever as características associadas a porosidade de modo mais amplo, determinando uma distribuição do tamanho de poros nas cascas de ovos estudadas. Nossos resultados mostraram que a maioria dos poros nas cascas de ovos tem tamanhos entre 1 a 10 mim. Neste artigo introduzimos a técnica de porosimetria de mercúrio como uma nova ferramenta aplicada no estudo de cascas de ovos.

Educação escolar para crianças: o que dizem sujeitos deste direito?

The text aims to discuss the problems that this would be set: - What are the concepts of public school children about their right to primary education, as required step in the Basic Education? - What are conducted by children on the elementary school, in terms of its structure, teaching, and acquisitions provide for their users, especially when it comes to literacy? In order to answer these questions, we conducted within the qualitative a case study within twenty children of the early years of elementary public school, ten of the School Mauricio de Sousa and ten children of the School Monteiro Lobato. with construction procedures of data, we worked with observation, semi-directive interview, questionnaire and document analysis. In analyzing the data, two categories emerged: right to education and school for children. The first focuses on what children think about the legal guarantee to school, seeking to understand if they understand the educational area as a right and relate what the law says and the reality in which they participate. The category for school children, including their purposes, characteristics, space literacy and its relationship with the teacher. In this sense, we comment, taking as its founding, the speech of children in their schools, focusing on how they perceive the school in terms of its structure and functioning, relations with the knowledge and the other children. With regard to child rights, the appreciation of Brazilian children should be the basis of the struggle for a more just, democratic, nondiscriminatory. However, children show not recognize education as a right, but as one who deserves the credit, that is, those children who are always attentive, do not fight and do not complain. In interviews, children express a simple wish child that the school had toys. A school for children should be a place with its own characteristics: cheerful, lively, colorful, which included the same time, security and challenges. Children point to the hope that the course of action the teacher was guided by respect their differences in a more emotional, especially with regard to issues of authority and discipline of the group. The most important learning is for all subjects learning to read / write, differing in the idea of how to learn. Unfortunately, for some students, learning reading and writing appears as a difficult and enjoyable process is not perceived by some subjects up to recognize the instrumental writing. Finally, we point to the actors of the school to launch a more accurate to say that the children and how to outline your main locus of learning

Identificação de crianças e adolescentes com suspeita de câncer: uma proposta de intervenção

Unlike adult cancer, where cells usually originate from epithelial tissue and is linked to environmental factors, malignant tumors in childhood are mostly of embryonic origin and have a phase of rapid proliferation. When not started chemotherapy at this stage, the tumor increases in size, reducing their growth rate, thus reducing the response to chemotherapy. Childhood cancer is in Brazil, the second cause of mortality among children and adolescents from one to nineteen. His impact on the ranking of diseases becomes significantly important to public health since the first issue is related to accidents and violence. Many children are still sent to the centers of high complexity for cancer treatment with advanced stage disease. The delay in referral to diagnosis can be family, or the difficulty of access to the health sector, or the characteristics of the disease and lack of health staff regarding theme of childhood cancer. Before this problem, we aimed to assess the performance of health teams in the identification of child and adolescent symptoms of cancer in primary care, through the action research methodology, which includes the teaching-learning, seminars, describing the actions of the group and discussing the activities after the training. This study involved thirty-seven health professionals who provide care for children and adolescents in the USF Felipe Shrimp II, the Support Center for Children with Cancer and the pediatric hospital UFRN during the period from March to December 2010. The data were analyzed simultaneously to evaluate actions, following the direction of the analysis of ideas Freires, having as theoretical reference the primary health care. The diagnosis of current reality, as knowledge of the health team targeted for early identification of signs and symptoms raised through questioning, presented as generative themes: resistance to change, awareness of the need for apprehension of knowledge; prior knowledge through the media, fragmentation of the healthcare network, interfering with the operation of the reference and counter, the stigma of death, among others. The selected themes enabled the choice of content for the preparation of four seminars, such as implementation of collective action for discussion problematical. The teaching-learning process has allowed the study participants awareness of the problem and work through the knowledge acquired by interfering in decreasing the time interval between the identification of signs and symptoms of cancer and early specialist treatment. Their difficulties we are faced with a diagnosis of terminal cancer and associated with delayed access to laboratory tests and imaging necessary for the diagnosis of neoplasms. Thus, we find that when the team is consciously involved in the education process from identification of the problem situation, there may be significant changes in daily activities through awareness of being. However, we also realize that acquisition of knowledge and interest of the team are not enough, since to be efficiency of our service, we need an organization of cancer care network operating in the state of Rio Grande do Norte

Germinação de sementes de Caesalpinia leiostachya (benth.) ducke (pau-ferro) classificadas pelo tamanho e pela forma

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Enfermagem na atenção primária em saúde no screening de adolescentes com excesso de peso

One of the Primary Health Care strategies for adolescent health is the growth and development follow-up and the early detection of overweight adolescents. Even though the School Health Program in Brazil proposes to evaluate the nutritional state of the school population in the corresponding community health units, not all cities have adhered to the Program and many nurses do not recognize overweight as a problem in their territory. The objective of the study was to identify the nurse´s participation in the screening of overweight adolescent students in their work territory. Cross sectional study conducted in eight state supported schools of the municipality of Natal/RN and in four Primary Health Units. The total student population was 27.277. A stratified sample was statistically calculated based on the student population of the four city geographical zones: 112 North , 74 West; 108 East; and 78 South, totalizing 372 adolescents. The students were selected by a probability process where eight schools were first selected, two per district, until the number per subsample in each district was reached. Four primary health nurses, responsible for the health units were included. Two instruments were used for data collection, a screening questionnaire and a semi-structured interview form for questioning of the nurses. The content of both instruments was validated. Anthropometric and health data were collected from the students and analyzed with descriptive and analytical statistics. Interview data were transcribed and submitted to content analysis. The nursing diagnosis of overweight was identified in 50 (13,5%) of the adolescents and its association with consumption of foods that have cardiovascular risk (canned foods, pasta and fried food). An association of the nursing diagnosis was identified with family history (diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and kidney disease). The nurses judged that care of overweight adolescents was important but noted difficulties because of the absence of this population in the health units, because of their work overload, and the lack of school articulation. The nurses do not have impacting actions with this population and delegate the responsibility to other professionals. It is concluded that overweight is a nutritional problem relevant to the adolescent school population in Natal/RN, with a 13,5% prevalence and that it is related to food consumption with cardiovascular risk and family health history. The nurses consider overweight as an important public health problem but do not envision ways to maintain linkage with adolescents and with the school to promote the needed care

Níveis de fósforo disponível e tamanho de partícula do fosfato bicálcico na dieta de poedeiras comerciais de 24 a 58 semanas de idade

Um experimento foi conduzido para verificar o efeito de níveis de fósforo e do tamanho de partícula do fosfato bicálcico na dieta de poedeiras comerciais na fase de produção. Utilizou-se um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 × 3 com dois tamanhos de partícula do fosfato (fino e granulado) e três níveis de fósforo disponível (0,28; 0,38 e 0,48%), totalizando seis tratamentos, cada um com cinco repetições de oito aves. As dietas experimentais foram isoproteicas, isocalóricas e isocálcicas. O consumo de ração, a produção de ovos, a massa de ovos, a conversão alimentar, a porcentagem de casca, a gravidade específica e os teores de cinzas, cálcio, fósforo e magnésio nos ossos não foram afetados pelas dietas. Dietas contendo fosfato bicálcico (fino ou granulado) e 0,28% de fósforo disponível atendem às exigências de fósforo de galinhas poedeiras semipesadas de 24 a 58 semanas de idade.

Análise de retorno de escala e tamanho do mercado no desempenho de equipes de vendas aplicando análise de envoltória de dados DEA: um estudo em empresa de Telecomunicações no Brasil

This Master s Thesis proposes the application of Data Envelopment Analysis DEA to evaluate the performance of sales teams, based on a study of their coverage areas. Data was collected from the company contracted to distribute the products in the state of Ceará. Analyses of thirteen sales coverage areas were performed considering first the output-oriented constant return to scale method (CCR-O), then this method with assurance region (AR-O-C) and finally the method of variable returns to scale with assurance region (AR-O-V). The method used in the first approach is shown to be inappropriate for this study, since it inconveniently generates zero-valued weights, allowing that an area under evaluation obtain the maximal score by not producing. Using weight restrictions, through the assurance region methods AR-O-C and AR-O-V, decreasing returns to scale are identified, meaning that the improvement in performance is not proportional to the size of the areas being analyzed. Observing data generated by the analysis, a study is carried out, aiming to design improvement goals for the inefficient areas. Complementing this study, GDP data for each area was compared with scores obtained using AR-O-V analysis. The results presented in this work show that DEA is a useful methodology for assessing sales team performance and that it may contribute to improvements on the quality of the management process.

Fatores ambientais e estimativa de herdabilidade para o intervalo desmame-cio de fêmeas suínas

Este trabalho foi realizado com os objetivos de avaliar a influência de fatores ambientais e estimar a herdabilidade para a característica intervalo desmame-cio (IDC) de fêmeas suínas. Para isso, utilizaram-se 1.032 observações de 347 porcas Dalland (C-40), pertencentes a dois rebanhos. No modelo, incluíram-se como aleatórios os efeitos do pai e da mãe da porca e, como fixos, os efeitos do ano de parto, do rebanho e da estação de parição, bem como as co-variáveis idade da porca ao parto, tamanho da leitegada ao nascer e período de lactação. As estimativas dos componentes de variância e do parâmetro genético foram obtidas utilizando-se o aplicativo MTDFREML, que emprega a metodologia da máxima verossimilhança restrita livre de derivadas. A média foi de 5,3 dias, com um coeficiente de variação de 71,44%. O período de lactação teve influência linear sobre o IDC. do mesmo modo, a regressão quadrática do IDC em relação à idade da porca ao parto foi significativa. O pai e a mãe foram importantes fontes de variação no intervalo desmame-cio, que, provavelmente pelo fato de acontecer tardiamente na vida do animal, não foi influenciado pelo rebanho, pelo ano e pela estação. A estimativa de herdabilidade para o primeiro intervalo desmame-cio foi de 0,11, o que indica que esta característica não apresentaria ganho genético satisfatório como resposta à seleção individual.

Efeito do tamanho de tubetes na qualidade de mudas de Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril L. var. stilbocarpa (Hayne) Lee et Lang.), Ipê-amarelo (Tabebuia chrysotricha (Mart. ex DC.) Sandl.) e Guarucaia (Parapiptadenia rigida (Benth.) Brenan)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Comportamento compressivo de um nitossolo: efeito do tamanho de agregados, do teor de água e da pressão aplicada

A compactação do solo tem sido assunto de intensivas pesquisas nos últimos anos; no entanto, os mecanismos que implicam o processo de compactação dos solos agrícolas, ainda permanecem pouco conhecidos. A contribuição do tamanho de agregados do solo, bem como o efeito do teor de água e da pressão normal aplicada na compactação e pressão de pré-compactação do solo, foi investigada em um Nitossolo Vermelho eutrófico. Amostras de solo deformado, constituídas por agregados menores que 2,5 mm e de 9,3 a 19,4 mm, foram submetidas a ensaio de compressão uniaxial drenado. O índice de vazios e a pressão de pré-compactação foram avaliados. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o tamanho de agregados teve efeito no processo de compactação do solo. A mudança da compactação do solo pode ser prevista em função do estado inicial do solo, da pressão aplicada e do teor de água.

Um estudo do aumento da capacidade de sistemas 3g WCDMA usando técnicas 3.5G de expansão do enlace reverso

The introduction of new digital services in the cellular networks, in transmission rates each time more raised, has stimulated recent research that comes studying ways to increase the data communication capacity and to reduce the delays in forward and reverse links of third generation WCDMA systems. These studies have resulted in new standards, known as 3.5G, published by 3GPP group, for the evolution of the third generation of the cellular systems. In this Masters Thesis the performance of a 3G WCDMA system, with diverse base stations and thousand of users is developed with assists of the planning tool NPSW. Moreover the performance of the 3.5G techniques hybrid automatic retransmission and multi-user detection with interference cancellation, candidates for enhance the WCDMA uplink capacity, is verified by means of computational simulations in Matlab of the increase of the data communication capacity and the reduction of the delays in the retransmission of packages of information