Addition of PLA2 to CRP enhances sepsis diagnosis

Letter to the Editor refers to: Fredrikke Christie Knudtzen, Stig Lønberg Nielsen, Kim Oren Gradel, Annmarie Touborg Lassen, Hans Jørn Kolmos, Thøger Gorm Jensen, Pernille Just Vinholt, Court Pedersen, Characteristics of patients with community-acquired bacteremia who have low levels of C-reactive protein (≤20 mg/L), Journal of Infection, Volume 68, Issue 2, February 2014, Pages 149-155

Luokanopettaja liikunnanopettajana – merkityssuhteita luomassa

Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää mitä merkityksiä luokanopettajat pitävät tärkeinä liikunnanopetuksessa ja verrata niitä oppilaille tehtyyn tutkimukseen. Liikunnan moninaiset merkitykset vaikuttavat oppilaiden liikuntasuhteen muodostumiseen. Liikunnassa merkitykset konkretisoituvat havainnoinnin ja fyysisen tekemisen tuomien elämysten kautta. Liikuntaa opettavalla opettajalla voi olla merkittävä rooli oppilaan liikuntasuhteen muodostumiseen sekä siihen, minkälaisia merkityksiä oppilaan on mahdollista kohdata ja löytää liikunnasta. Merkitysten tiedostamisella voidaan tukea liikunnallisen elämäntavan syntymistä ja harrastuneisuutta. Liikunnassa asiat koetaan usein fyysisesti, mutta yhtä tärkeää on se, mitä tapahtuu kognitiivisella tasolla. Tutkimuksen aineisto (n=164) kerättiin joulukuussa 2015 sosiaalisen median kautta toteutettuna kyselynä. Kysely oli suunnattu luokanopettajille, jotka ohjattiin Facebook- keskusteluryhmien välityksellä Webropol-kyselyyn. Kyselyn määrällisessä osiossa käytettiin pohjana merkitysosioa, joka oli Lasten ja nuorten liikuntakäyttäytymisen tutkimuksessa. Laadullista aineistoa kerättiin lomakkeeseen lisätyillä avoimilla kysymyksillä liikunnanopetukseen liittyen. Aineistoa analysoitiin SPSS 23.0 tilasto-ohjelmalla. Liikunnanopetuksessa koettuja merkityksiä vertailtiin tärkeäksi ja erittäin tärkeäksi kokemisen lisäksi muun muassa keskiarvoilla. Tutkimuksen tulokset antoivat kuvan opettajien liikunnanopetuksessa tärkeänä pitämistä merkityksistä, joita olivat ilo, parhaansa yrittäminen, onnistumisen elämykset, hyvän olon saaminen ja liikunnan terveellisyys. Vanhimmat vastaajat pitivät muita ikäryhmiä tärkeämpänä lihasvoiman kasvattamista ja notkeuden parantamista. Miehet pitivät naisia yleisemmin tärkeänä menestyksen voittamisen tavoittelua. Oppilaiden ja opettajien tärkeimmiksi ja vähiten tärkeiksi kokemien merkitysten joukosta löytyi samoja merkityksiä.

Low organisational justice and heavy drinking: a prospective cohort study

Objectives: To investigate whether low perceived organisational injustice predicts heavy drinking among employees. Methods: Data from the prospective occupational cohort study, the 10-Town Study, related to 15 290 Finnish public sector local government employees nested in 2432 work units, were used. Non-drinkers were excluded. Procedural, interactional and total organisational justice, heavy drinking (>=210 g of absolute alcohol per week) and other psychosocial factors were determined by means of questionnaire in 2000-2001 (phase 1) and 2004 (phase 2). Multilevel logistic regression analyses taking into account for the hierarchical structure of the data were conducted and adjustments were made for sex, age, socio-economic position, marital status, baseline heavy drinking, psychological distress and other psychosocial risk factors such as job strain and effort/reward imbalance. Results: After adjustments, participants who reported low procedural justice at phase 1 were about 1.2 times more likely to be heavy drinkers at phase 2 compared with their counterparts with high justice. Low perceived justice in interpersonal treatment and low perceived total organisational justice were associated with an elevated prevalence of heavy drinking only in the socio-demographics adjusted model. Conclusions: This is the first longitudinal study to show that low procedural justice is weakly associated with an increased likelihood of heavy drinking.

Effort-reward imbalance at work and the co-occurrence of lifestyle risk factors: cross-sectional survey in a sample of 36,127 public sector employees

Background In occupational life, a mismatch between high expenditure of effort and receiving few rewards may promote the co-occurrence of lifestyle risk factors, however, there is insufficient evidence to support or refute this hypothesis. The aim of this study is to examine the extent to which the dimensions of the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) model – effort, rewards and ERI – are associated with the co-occurrence of lifestyle risk factors. Methods Based on data from the Finnish Public Sector Study, cross-sectional analyses were performed for 28,894 women and 7233 men. ERI was conceptualized as a ratio of effort and rewards. To control for individual differences in response styles, such as a personal disposition to answer negatively to questionnaires, occupational and organizational -level ecological ERI scores were constructed in addition to individual-level ERI scores. Risk factors included current smoking, heavy drinking, body mass index ≥25 kg/m2, and physical inactivity. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate the likelihood of having one risk factor, two risk factors, and three or four risk factors. The associations between ERI and single risk factors were explored using binary logistic regression models. Results After adjustment for age, socioeconomic position, marital status, and type of job contract, women and men with high ecological ERI were 40% more likely to have simultaneously ≥3 lifestyle risk factors (vs. 0 risk factors) compared with their counterparts with low ERI. When examined separately, both low ecological effort and low ecological rewards were also associated with an elevated prevalence of risk factor co-occurrence. The results obtained with the individual-level scores were in the same direction. The associations of ecological ERI with single risk factors were generally less marked than the associations with the co-occurrence of risk factors. Conclusion This study suggests that a high ratio of occupational efforts relative to rewards may be associated with an elevated risk of having multiple lifestyle risk factors. However, an unexpected association between low effort and a higher likelihood of risk factor co-occurrence as well as the absence of data on overcommitment (and thereby a lack of full test of the ERI model) warrant caution in regard to the extent to which the entire ERI model is supported by our evidence.

The problem posed by exam choice on the comparability of results in the Finnish matriculation examination

The article focuses on the upper secondary matriculation examination in Finland as a school leaving and university entrance examination. The presented research addresses the question of whether increased choice of the subject-specific examinations has the potential to undermine the comparability of examination results and to direct students’ choices not only in the examination but already beforehand at school. The authors refer to Finland’s tradition of more than 160 years of a national examination connecting the academic track of upper secondary schools with universities. The authors explain the Finnish system by describing the adoption of a course-based (vs. class- or year-based) curriculum for the three-year upper secondary education and the subsequent reforms in the matriculation examination. This increases students’ choices considerably with regard to the subject-specific exams included in the examination (a minimum of four). As a result, high-achieving students compete against each other in the more demanding subjects while the less able share the same normal distribution of grades in the less demanding subjects. As a consequence, students tend to strategic exam-planning, which in turn affects their study choices at school, often to the detriment of the more demanding subjects and, subsequently, of students’ career opportunities, endangering the traditional national objective of an all-round pre-academic upper secondary education. This contribution provides an overview of Finnish upper secondary education and of the matriculation examination (cf. Klein, 2013) while studying three separate but related issues by using data from several years of Finnish matriculation results: the relation of the matriculation examination and the curriculum; the problems of comparability vis-à-vis university entry due to the increased choice within the examination; the relations between students’ examination choices and their course selection and achievement during upper secondary school. (DIPF/Orig.)

Novel Machine-Learning Based IC Testing Strategy

The final goal of the thesis should be a real-world application in the production test data environment. This includes the pre-processing of the data, building models and visualizing the results. To do this, different machine learning models, outlier prediction oriented, should be investigated using a real dataset. Finally, the different outlier prediction algorithms should be compared, and their performance discussed.