955 resultados para Hess, MosesHess, MosesMosesHess


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Bloch, Konrad E., Alexander J. Turk, Marco Maggiorini, Thomas Hess, Tobias Merz, Martina M. Bosch, Daniel Barthelmes, Urs Hefti, Jacqueline Pichler, Oliver Senn, and Otto D. Schoch. Effect of ascent protocol on acute mountain sickness and success at Muztagh Ata, 7546 m. High Alt. Med. Biol. 10:25-32, 2009.-Data on acclimatization during expedition-style climbing to > 5000 m are scant. We evaluated the hypothesis that minor differences in ascent protocol influence acute mountain sickness (AMS) symptoms and mountaineering success in climbers to Muztagh Ata (7546 m), Western China. We performed a randomized, controlled trial during a high altitude medical research expedition to Muztagh Ata. Thirty-four healthy mountaineers (mean age 45 yr, 7 women) were randomized to follow one of two protocols, ascending within 15 or 19 days to the summit of Muztagh Ata at 7546 m, respectively. The main outcome measures, AMS symptom scores and the number of proceeding climbers, were assessed daily. Mean +/- SD AMS-C scores of 16 climbers randomized to slow ascent were 0.06 +/- 0.18, 0.26 +/- 0.08, 0.41 +/- 0.45, 0.53 +/- 0.77 at camps I (5533 m), II (6265 m), III (6865 m), and the summit (7546 m), respectively. Corresponding values in 18 climbers randomized to fast ascent were significantly higher: 0.17 +/- 0.23, 0.43 +/- 0.75, 0.49 +/- 0.36, and 0.69 +/- 0.54 (p < 0.008, vs. slow ascent in regression analysis accounting for weather-related protocol deviation). Climbers randomized to slow ascent were able to ascend according to the protocol without AMS for significantly more days than climbers randomized to fast ascent (p = 0.04, Kaplan-Meier analysis). More climbers randomized to slow ascent were successful in reaching the highest camp at 6865 m without AMS (odds ratio 9.5; 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 89). In climbers ascending to very high altitudes, differences of a few days in acclimatization have a significant impact on symptom severity, the prevalence of AMS, and mountaineering success. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00603122.

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Little is known about the ocular and cerebral blood flow during exposure to increasingly hypoxic conditions at high altitudes. There is evidence that an increase in cerebral blood flow resulting from altered autoregulation constitutes a risk factor for acute mountain sickness (AMS) and high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) by leading to capillary overperfusion and vasogenic cerebral edema. The retina represents the only part of the central nervous system where capillary blood flow is visible and can be measured by noninvasive means. In this study we aimed to gain insights into retinal and choroidal autoregulatory properties during hypoxia and to correlate circulatory changes to symptoms of AMS and clinical signs of HACE. This observational study was performed within the scope of a high-altitude medical research expedition to Mount Muztagh Ata (7,546 m). Twenty seven participants underwent general and ophthalmic examinations up to a maximal height of 6,800 m. Examinations included fundus photography and measurements of retinal and choroidal blood flow, as well as measurement of arterial oxygen saturation and hematocrit. The initial increase in retinal blood velocity was followed by a decrease despite further ascent, whereas choroidal flow increase occurred later, at even higher altitudes. The sum of all adaptational mechanisms resulted in a stable oxygen delivery to the retina and the choroid. Parameters reflecting the retinal circulation and optic disc swelling correlated well with the occurrence of AMS-related symptoms. We demonstrate that sojourns at high altitudes trigger distinct behavior of retinal and choroidal blood flow. Increase in retinal but not in choroidal blood flow correlated with the occurrence of AMS-related symptoms.

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To evaluate whether complement Factor P (properdin) was present in surgically removed choroidal neovascular membranes of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to investigate whether associated pre- and postoperative clinical characteristics can be correlated.

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Visual neglect is a frequent disability in stroke and adversely affects mobility, discharge destination, and length of hospital stay. It is assumed that its severity is enhanced by a released interhemispheric inhibition from the unaffected toward the affected hemisphere. Continuous theta burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (TBS) is a new inhibitory brain stimulation protocol which has the potential to induce behavioral effects outlasting stimulation. We aimed to test whether parietal TBS over the unaffected hemisphere can induce a long-lasting improvement of visual neglect by reducing the interhemispheric inhibition. METHODS: Eleven patients with left-sided visual neglect attributable to right hemispheric stroke were tested in a visual perception task. To evaluate the specificity of the TBS effect, 3 conditions were tested: 2 TBS trains over the left contralesional posterior parietal cortex, 2 trains of sham stimulation over the contralesional posterior parietal cortex, and a control condition without any intervention. To evaluate the lifetime of repeated trains of TBS in 1 session, 4 trains were applied over the contralesional posterior parietal cortex. RESULTS: Two TBS trains significantly increased the number of perceived left visual targets for up to 8 hours as compared to baseline. No significant improvement was found with sham stimulation or in the control condition without any intervention. The application of 4 TBS trains significantly increased the number of perceived left targets up to 32 hours. CONCLUSIONS: The new approach of repeating TBS at the same day may be promising for therapy of neglect.

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Objective assessments of subjective complaints such as sleepiness, tiredness or fatigue using sleepiness and vigilance tests aim to identify its causes and to judge the fitness to drive or to work of the affected person. "Vigilance" comprises wakefulness, alertness and attention and is therefore not merely reciprocal to sleepiness. Since it is a complex phenomenon with several dimensions it is unlikely to be appropriately assessed by one single "vigilance test". One important dimension of vigilance discussed here is wakefulness with its counterpart of overt sleep and the whole spectrum of various levels in between. The transit zone between full wakefulness and overt sleep is mainly characterised by the subjective complaint of sleepiness, which cannot be measured directly. Only the consequences of reduced wakefulness such as a shortened sleep latency, slowed cognitive function and prolonged reaction time can be measured objectively. It is, therefore, more promising to combine a battery of subjective and objective tests to answer a specific question in order to achieve the most appropriate description for a given clinical or medicolegal situation. However even then we must keep in mind that many other important aspects of fitness to drive / fitness to work such as neurological, psychiatric and neuropsychological functions including risk taking behaviour are not covered by vigilance tests. A comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach is essential in such situations.

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Der Titel des Bandes - Translation und Transgression - ist zugleich Programm. Er verbindet die Darstellung von Formen und Verfahren, Problemen und Chancen der Übersetzung mit Antworten auf die Frage, wie Übersetzen und Dolmetschen dafür fruchtbar gemacht werden kann, Differenzen zwischen Kulturen zu erkennen, zu verstehen, zu verringern, zu überbrücken. Das Buch versammelt Beiträge namhafter Germanisten aus aller Welt sowohl zur alltags- und berufspraktischen Übersetzung als auch zur fachlichen und literarischen Translation anhand von Beispielen mit Bezug auf zahlreiche Sprachenpaare, jeweils verstanden als Praxis transkulturellen Handelns von Kulturmittlern. Es handelt sich dabei um die translationswissenschaftlichen Ergebnisse eines von der Gesellschaft für interkulturelle Germanistik und der Universität Vilnius gemeinsam durchgeführten Kongresses in Litauen.

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Unter dem Eindruck jüngster weltpolitischer Entwicklungen problematisiert der Band kulturelle ';Differenz' als Thema der aktuellen Interkulturalitätsforschung. Die Betonung der ';Unterschiede' als die ';andere Seite' der Globalisierung gilt es in ihren Ursachen zu verstehen und in ihren Ausprägungen zu erforschen. Die Differenzen liegen in eben diesen Ausprägungen, die sie für alle übrigen zu etwas Anderem macht. Aktive Toleranz heißt, dies Andere im Bewußtsein der Unterschiede zu verstehen und sich damit des Eigenen neu zu vergewissern, um von der Diagnose des (potentiellen) kulturellen Konflikts (';cultural clash', ';clash of civilisations') Wege zum Programm des ';interkulturellen Dialogs' (Kofi Annan) zu suchen. In ihm wird interkulturelle Differenz nicht zum Impuls zur Markierung von Grenzen, sondern ';nimmt ihnen das Trennende' (Richard v. Weizsäcker). Sie objektiviert sich in Texten und Zeichenensembles, denen die Aufmerksamkeit der Autoren, international tätiger Germanisten vor allem, im Blick auf die Vielfalt ihrer sprachlichen und ästhetischen Manifestationsformen gilt.

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Unter kulturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive lassen sich Religionen als gemeinschaftsstiftende Sinndeutungssysteme verstehen, mit deren Hilfe die Verständigung über gemeinsame Glaubens- und Wertvorstellungen geregelt werden kann. Religionen erwachsen aus interkulturellen Prozessen, denn sie speisen aus unterschiedlichen kulturellen Quellen und Bedeutungstraditionen und ‘migrieren’ aus der ursprünglichen ‘Gemeinde’ in andere kulturelle Kontexte. ‘Fremd-Religionen’ werden adaptiv verändert und in die eigene kulturelle Praxis überführt. Solche Veränderungen von Religionen werden durch Literatur begleitet und bewahrt. Sie verleiht Sinnstiftungsprozessen von Kultur sprachliche Gestalt und reflektiert damit auch immer implizit oder explizit religiöse Vorstellungen. Unter interkultureller Perspektive läßt sich Literatur also auch als Speicher religiöser Vorstellungen unter den Bedingungen ihrer epochen- und kulturspezifischen Veränderungen verstehen. Der Band sucht diesen Veränderungen in der Literatur und ihrer Spiegelung in den Medien nachzugehen und zu prüfen, wie dadurch Gemeinsamkeiten, aber auch kulturelle Differenzen bewußt gemacht werden.

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Interkulturelles Denken basiert auf Kulturkonzepten der jeweils daran Beteiligten. Im Verhältnis, welches die Räume und individuellen Ausprägungen der einzelnen Kulturen zueinander herausbilden, formen sich verschiedene Kombinationen von Kommunikation und Konflikt: Dabei stehen auf der einen Seite die Möglichkeiten, ja Notwendigkeiten von Kommunikation und Dialog, auf der anderen Seite die Realität von oft starken Konflikten bzw. Konfliktpotentialen, durch unterschiedliche Ausgangspositionen verursacht oder ausgelöst und daher divergierenden Interessen. In der Sprache und in der mit den Mitteln der Sprache gestalteten Literatur (im weitesten Sinn) findet dieser Befund auf die unterschiedlichste Weise seinen Niederschlag. Dies betrifft auch und erst recht den wissenschaftlichen Umgang damit, also jede interkulturell motivierte Interpretation.