BOG questions - Draft

Response to questions raised during the December 6, 2005 Board of Governors meeting regarding FLorida International University 's proposed School of Medicine.

The use of presidential executive orders to control the management and administration of the federal government

As long as governmental institutions have existed, efforts have been undertaken to reform them. This research examines a particular strategy, coercive controls, exercised through a particular instrument, executive orders, by a singular reformer, the president of the United States. The presidents studied- Johnson, Nixon, Ford, Carter, Reagan, Bush, and Clinton-are those whose campaigns for office were characterized to varying degrees as against Washington bureaucracy and for executive reform. Executive order issuance is assessed through an examination of key factors for each president including political party affiliation, levels of political capital, and legislative experience. A classification typology is used to identify the topical dimensions and levels of coerciveness. The portrayal of the federal government is analyzed through examination of public, media, and presidential attention. The results show that executive orders are significant management tools for the president. Executive orders also represent an important component of the transition plans for incoming administrations. The findings indicate that overall, while executive orders have not increased in the aggregate, they are more intrusive and significant. When the factors of political party affiliation, political capital, and legislative experience are examined, it reveals a strong relationship between executive orders and previous executive experience, specifically presidents who served as a state governor prior to winning national election as president. Presidents Carter, Reagan, and Clinton (all former governors) have the highest percent of executive orders focusing on the federal bureaucracy. Additionally, the highest percent of forceful orders were issued by former governors (41.0%) as compared to their presidential counterparts who have not served as governors (19.9%). Secondly, political party affiliation is an important, but not significant, predictor for the use of executive orders. Thirdly, management strategies that provide the president with the greatest level of autonomy-executive orders redefine the concept of presidential power and autonomous action. Interviews of elite government officials and political observers support the idea that executive orders can provide the president with a successful management strategy, requiring less expenditure of political resources, less risk to political capital, and a way of achieving objectives without depending on an unresponsive Congress.

A instrução paulista à época da Guerra do Paraguai (1864-1870)

This study aimed to analyze the Paraguayan War's impact on public education in the province of São Paulo in the period that lasted the conflict (1864-1870). Between 1864 and 1870 the area now known as South America experienced its greatest armed conflict. Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay declared war against Paraguay. Brazilian governors began to conceive the Empire as superior to the Paraguayan nation, which for them, was a non-civilized country. They understood that to maintain civilization and follow the progress, they needed to develop their education. The Empire mobilized men of any part of its territory. Some left for the war voluntarily and others were forced. Along that current War, the recruitment had become increasingly difficult, leading entire families moving, teachers and students to leave the school and the city. The paulistas teachers have been turning to the patriotic past of the province in which he was proclaimed the independence of the Empire. Civilization and progress, present at the leaders speeches were reflected in the São Paulo social practices that culminate in the notion of patriotism, also reflected in the education of children and youth of the period.

Presupuestos y gastos del estado en la provincia de Buenos Aires para afrontar las inundaciones de los campos, 1870-1930

Nos proponemos estudiar la participación de la agencia estatal encargada de la gestión de las obras hídricas en el presupuesto de la provincia de Buenos Aires, puesto que indica la importancia que los gobiernos le dieron al problema de las inundaciones en los campos, y ponderar el aporte privado toda vez que se compelía a los propietarios a pagar un impuesto especial. Nuestro período se extiende desde los primeros esfuerzos realizados por los gobiernos provinciales en la década de 1870, hasta 1930 en que empezó un ciclo más seco y los problemas en los métodos de desagüe se postergaron. Enfocaremos el análisis a través de los registros oficiales, los debates en las cámaras de la Legislatura provincial y los mensajes de los gobernadores. Vamos a ponderar la importancia del Ministerio de Obras Públicas entre los diferentes rubros aprobados por la legislatura, seguidamente analizaremos con mayor detalle las transformaciones en la agencia dedicada a las cuestiones hídricas y la, todavía escasa, información sobre los gastos especiales en obras de desagüe

Presupuestos y gastos del estado en la provincia de Buenos Aires para afrontar las inundaciones de los campos, 1870-1930

Nos proponemos estudiar la participación de la agencia estatal encargada de la gestión de las obras hídricas en el presupuesto de la provincia de Buenos Aires, puesto que indica la importancia que los gobiernos le dieron al problema de las inundaciones en los campos, y ponderar el aporte privado toda vez que se compelía a los propietarios a pagar un impuesto especial. Nuestro período se extiende desde los primeros esfuerzos realizados por los gobiernos provinciales en la década de 1870, hasta 1930 en que empezó un ciclo más seco y los problemas en los métodos de desagüe se postergaron. Enfocaremos el análisis a través de los registros oficiales, los debates en las cámaras de la Legislatura provincial y los mensajes de los gobernadores. Vamos a ponderar la importancia del Ministerio de Obras Públicas entre los diferentes rubros aprobados por la legislatura, seguidamente analizaremos con mayor detalle las transformaciones en la agencia dedicada a las cuestiones hídricas y la, todavía escasa, información sobre los gastos especiales en obras de desagüe

Presupuestos y gastos del estado en la provincia de Buenos Aires para afrontar las inundaciones de los campos, 1870-1930

Nos proponemos estudiar la participación de la agencia estatal encargada de la gestión de las obras hídricas en el presupuesto de la provincia de Buenos Aires, puesto que indica la importancia que los gobiernos le dieron al problema de las inundaciones en los campos, y ponderar el aporte privado toda vez que se compelía a los propietarios a pagar un impuesto especial. Nuestro período se extiende desde los primeros esfuerzos realizados por los gobiernos provinciales en la década de 1870, hasta 1930 en que empezó un ciclo más seco y los problemas en los métodos de desagüe se postergaron. Enfocaremos el análisis a través de los registros oficiales, los debates en las cámaras de la Legislatura provincial y los mensajes de los gobernadores. Vamos a ponderar la importancia del Ministerio de Obras Públicas entre los diferentes rubros aprobados por la legislatura, seguidamente analizaremos con mayor detalle las transformaciones en la agencia dedicada a las cuestiones hídricas y la, todavía escasa, información sobre los gastos especiales en obras de desagüe

"Sub Tiberio quies"? Judaea’s Political Situation under the Prefects (6-41 c.e.), between Reality and Ideology

Deeply conflicting views on the political situation of Judaea under the Roman prefects (6-41 c.e.) have been offered. According to some scholars, this was a period of persistent political unrest and agitation, whilst according to a widespread view it was a quiescent period of political calm (reflected in Tacitus’ phrase sub Tiberio quies). The present article critically examines again the main available sources –particularly Josephus, the canonical Gospels and Tacitus– in order to offer a more reliable historical reconstruction. The conclusions drawn by this survey calls into question some widespread and insufficiently nuanced views on the period. This, in turn, allows a reflection on the non-epistemic factors which might contribute to explain the origin of such views.

Population and Government in Colonial Buenos Aires. An Approach to the Study of the Tensions Generated by Demographic Growth in the City (1740-1776)

The relationship between population and government in the City of Buenos Aires is analyzed, focusing on the tensions generated by the arrival of new individuals, a local elite with great interests in commerce and in charge of community affairs, and Spanish functionaries that progressively adopted the ideals of the Bourbon Dynasty, despite also being implicated in local logics. It interests us to observe the governors’ perspectives with respect to everyday developments in the city, their preoccupations and interests, and how they would vary the mechanisms to which they resorted in order to organize daily life, in the period defined between 1740 and 1776.

Iowa Seat Belt Use Survey 2012 Data Collection Methodology Report September 13, 2012

In an effort to achieve greater consistency and comparability in state‐wide seat belt use reporting, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) issued new requirements in 2011 for observing and reporting future seat belt use. The requirements included the involvement of a qualified statistician in the sampling and weighting portions of the process as well as a variety of operational details. The Iowa Governor’s Traffic Safety Bureau contracted with Iowa State University’s Survey & Behavioral Research Services (SBRS) in 2011 to develop the study design and data collection plan for the State of Iowa annual survey that would meet the new requirements of the NHTSA. A seat belt survey plan for Iowa was developed by SBRS with statistical expertise provided by Zhengyuan Zhu, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Statistics at Iowa State University. The Iowa plan was submitted to NHTSA in December of 2011 and official approval was received on March 19, 2012.

Gobernar la educación a través de los padrespolítica educativa y construcción de subjetividades neoliberales en Inglaterra. (Governing education through parents: education policy and the construction of neoliberal subjectivities in England)

In this paper we explore the relationship between market norms and practices and the development of the figure of the parent within British education policy. Since the 1970s parents in England have been called upon to perform certain duties and obligations in their relation to the state. These duties include internalizing responsibility for risks, liabilities, inequities and the spectre of crises formerly managed by the state. Rather than characterize this situation in terms of the ‘hollowing of the state’, we argue that the role of the state includes enabling the functioning of the parent as a neoliberal subject, so that they may successfully harness the power of the market to their own advantage and (hopefully) minimize the kinds of risk generated through a deregulated education system. In this paper we examine how parents are compelled to embody certain market norms and practices as they navigate the field of education. In particular we focus on how parents are 1) summoned as consumers or choosers of education services, and thus encouraged to embody through their behaviour a competitive orientation; 2) summoned as governors and custodians of schools, with a focus on assessing financial and educational performance; and 3) summoned as producers and founders of schools, with a focus on entrepreneurial and innovative activity.

Governing through parents: a genealogical enquiry of education policy and the construction of neoliberal subjectivities in England

In this paper we explore the various spaces and sites through which the figure of the parent is summoned and activated to inhabit and perform market norms and practices in the field of education in England. Since the late 1970s successive governments have called on parents to enact certain duties and obligations in relation to the state. These duties include adopting and internalizing responsibility for all kinds of risks, liabilities and inequities formerly managed by the Keynesian welfare state. Rather than characterize this situation in terms of the ‘hollowing of the state’, we argue that the role of the state includes enabling the functioning of the parent as a neoliberal subject so that they may successfully harness the power of the market to their own advantage and (hopefully) minimize the kinds of risk and inequity generated through a market-based, deregulated education system. In this paper we examine how parents in England are differently, yet similarly, compelled to embody certain market norms and practices as they navigate the field of education. Adopting genealogical enquiry and policy discourse analysis as our methodology, we explore how parents across three policy sites or spaces are constructed as objects and purveyors of utility and ancillaries to marketisation. This includes a focus on how parents are summoned as 1) consumers or choosers of education services; 2) governors and overseers of schools; and 3) producers and founders of schools.

Unlocking Characteristics of Outstanding Leadership in Schools and Colleges in England

The workshop will invite participants to engage in a discussion of the characteristics of outstanding leadership by taking part in an interactive activity which we have developed and used in different types of schools and colleges in England. The activity uses Q-methodology to develop and refine characteristics of outstanding leaders and outstanding leadership in education from a range of stakeholder perspectives. Q-methodology is a research method which originates from psychology and is used to study people's subjective viewpoints. We are applying the methodology to the study of enacted leadership practice in different educational contexts. Our sample of stakeholders consists of school and college leaders, governors, middle leaders, teachers, teacher educators, researchers and scholars in educational leadership and management research and practice. The range of contexts in which they work represents different age phases of education; primary, secondary and further education colleges, urban and rural schools and colleges and selective and non-selective schools. In the workshop participants will be invited to take part in the Q-sort activity we have used with in our research, using statements from leadership theory and practice. The Q-sort will be followed by discussion and reflection on the statements in relation to participants’ own experiences of leadership, management and governance in different contexts.