Subsídios para o gerenciamento de resíduos de serviços de saúde em municípios de médio porte: estudo de caso de Araraquara - SP

The Health Care Wastes (HCW) present serious risks to health and to the environment, if incorrectly managed, because in addition to the presence of pathogenic agents, the may pollute the soil and the water. Thus, a study was performed aiming at diagnosing the HCW management in Araraquara (SP), identifying the difficulties of the agents (municipal gestors and managers of institutions which generate this wastes) in implanting the HCW management Plan (HCWMP) proposed by ANVISA, in order to subside the HCWMP implantation. The methodology was based on question applications in health centers selected to be the samples, and on quantitative data related to the phases of Treatment and Final Disposal, provided by DAAE. As a result, it was observed that a great part of the interviewed centers managed these wastes according to norm RDC no 306/ 2004 of ANVISA. However, only 24% of the interviewed centers knew about this norm, and only 22% of them had the HCWMP. The difficulties in managing the HCW concentrated in the correct segregation of theses wastes in the generation source. The large number of people involved in this phase suggests the causes of the difficulties.

Aproveitamento de resíduos na composição de painel sarrafeado amarrado: um estudo econômico

The manufacture of plywood panel already has about eighty years in Brazil. In general, plywood panels differ by their nature, composition and manufacturing; the most common MDF, OSB, particle and the joist. Some of these products can be generated fromindustrial waste, as the panelblockboard, you can use in their training waste destop boards (Battens), from industrial processes or processing of primary wood. This work aims to present the detailed study of the economic viability of utilization of industrial solid waste timber through the acquisition of a machine amarradeira of joists in a wood processing unit in city Itapeva-SP. We studied the application of wastein the composition of kernels blockboard panel tied its commercial acceptance and future prospects market. We noticed great economic advantage in investing in the study, compared with the transformation process of the joists in biomass energy, although the investment decision involves not only financial matters but also the acceptance market the product to be manufactured

Análise ambiental em um canteiro de obras

The building sector can cause the environmental degradation, by the natural resources consumption, machinery use and natural landscape modifying. The environmental management system (EMS) improves the environmental quality and makes the companies more competitive. So, this work developed an environmental management system in a building site focused on the solid waste and in the development of mitigation proposals for the most significant environmental impacts. To develop this work it was necessary to follow the building site activities; evaluate the solid waste management; identify the law requirements; identify the environmental aspects and impacts; evaluate the environmental impacts; and propose alternatives for mitigating the adverse environmental critical impacts. The main proposals are the reduction of the waste generation in the place that it’s generated; the reuse and correct final disposal of that wastes; the treatment and reuse of the effluent; and the supervising in the trucks and machineries avoiding the oil spilling and the air pollution

Considerações gerais sobre a aplicação de esterco no processo de compostagem dos resíduos de poda e capina

In the category of the solid waste, are included the yard solid waste, this kind of solid waste are noble raw material and uncontaminated being recycled through the composting processing. Inside this context, it was studied the influence of horse manure in yard solid waste composting process, analyze the viability to compost the yard solid waste in UNESP Bela Vista. It was made four piles of composting, two of them are composed only by yard solid waste and the others are composed by horse manure and yard solid waste. The experiments were operated during 45 days. The evaluation of the process was made through temperature measurements of the piles daily during the test period. On the contrary of the piles with horse manure, the piles with no horse manure didn’t undergo complete maturation in the end of the experiment. Through the results obtained concluded that it was important to use manure horse in yard solid waste composting process to accelerate this process, because the piles without horse manure didn’t reach temperatures that characterize the composting process.

Utilização de parâmetros qualitativos dos resíduos aterrados como referência no processo de seleção de valores empregados em modelos matemáticos para a estimativa de geração de metano

The study of mathematical modeling assists in evaluation of the capacity of production and measurement of generation time of biogas in landfills, enabling the implantation of projects of energy generation from methane. Thus, the work aims, by simulating scenarios of potential methane generation in the landfill in Rio Claro, the use of field data from methane flow and waste grounded parameters as references for selecting values of k e L0 used to estimate methane generation model in LandGEM. As a result it was found that compared the characteristics adopted in the four scenarios recommended by the USEPA literature with those found in the landfill of Rio Claro (high amount of organic matter in the waste landed and daily practice of leachate recirculation), the scenario that apparently better represent the rate of methane generation is the scenario 01, with k = 0.7 and L0 = 96. Now, the adjustment of parameters in relation to the data field of methane flow, the value of L0 which best fits the methane generation from the landfill in Rio Claro is 150, while for k the line behavior that best represents the reality are values between 0.7 and 0.3. Regarding the parameters of the waste grounded, between the suggested values of k, 0,3 is most consistent with the intermediate level of biological degradation of the residue grounded, while L0 due to the biodegradability of the waste, a new value between 120 and 150 may be more appropriate for the study

Estudo da reutilização de materiais reciclados em obras de construção civil

This graduation project aims to study and analyze the reuse of solid waste projects in Civil Construction, checking the different factors such as economic viability, production processes, classification of the main materials, advantages and disadvantages, always seeking to guide themselves according Brazilian legislation establishing criteria for Waste Management of Construction. In addition, points are studied that prevent the expansion of recycling construction waste. It also offers needs improvements to the implementation of recycling to be carried out on a more expressive than current

A conservação da biodiversidade no setor empresarial

A conservação da biodiversidade é tema recorrente nas ciências e nas políticas já há algumas décadas, porém esta inquietação não é recente, visto que muitos naturalistas de séculos passados alertaram sobre as adversidades da perda da biodiversidade. Mais recentemente, a sociedade passou a exigir das empresas uma postura pró-conservação, pois são elas as maiores responsáveis pela degradação ambiental. Sendo assim, esta pesquisa analisou como a conservação da biodiversidade está inserida no setor de negócios e quais práticas têm sido adotadas para alcançar este fim. Em um primeiro momento, foi feito um histórico a respeito da conservação da biodiversidade desde os primeiros naturalistas até as grandes cúpulas mundiais sobre meio ambiente. Posteriormente, foi discutida a importância da inter-relação entre a biodiversidade e o setor empresarial. Por fim, foram levantados os principais instrumentos de gestão ambiental utilizados pelas empresas. Para ilustrar este arcabouço teórico, foram identificados os principais acordos multilaterais pró-conservação da biodiversidade e as mais novas ferramentas de gestão ambiental desenvolvidas e aplicadas no setor empresarial. Além disso, foi conduzido um estudo de caso com duas empresas brasileiras do setor de cosméticos, fundamentados nos seus respectivos Relatórios de Sustentabilidade, que subsidiaram a extração de informações sobre o modo como as empresas gerenciam seus recursos naturais. Concluiu-se que as empresas analisadas possuem boas práticas ambientais, exemplificadas em um estudo de caso a partir do qual foi possível conhecer as ações em andamento que versam sobre economia de energia, economia e reutilização da água, compensação das emissões dos gases de efeito estufa, gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos e investimentos em projetos socioambientais... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Potencial de aproveitamento de agregados reciclados de resíduos da construção e demolição

CONAMA Resolution 307 / 02, in Article 4, states that the primary goal of those involved in the reuse process of construction and demolition waste is not the generation of such wastes, secondarily is the reduce, reuse, recycling and proper disposal of such material. The disposal problem of large volumes of waste generated coupled with the scarcity of natural resources and environmental degradation involved in the extraction process of such materials resulted in several studies, that after many analyzes proposed various forms of reuse and recycling . The NBR 15.116/04 provides requirements for the use of recycled aggregates in paving and concrete without structural function. This work aims to show the usage potential of recycled aggregates from waste generated in construction and demolition sampled Group AB Areias, Pindamonhangaba (SP) in order to meet the standards in Brazil, as well as the environmental contribution by reducing the use of raw materials extracted from nature. After stabilization and particle size analysis of the California Bearing Ratio and Proctor, obtained mixtures of recycled aggregates showed higher values submitted by the minimum standards related, with excellent potential for use in paving

Produção e caracterização físico-mecânica do compósito cimento-madeira com variação granulométrica dos resíduos lignocelulósicos

The need to reduce environmental damage and add value to waste causes more and more new alternatives appear to unite these two points. One of the main ways to achieve this in timber industries and the use of waste for making panels. This work was aimed at studying the influence of particle size and density in Eucalyptus mechanical compressive strength of cement composite wood. For this study was performed production and physico-mechanical characterization of specimens, using portland cement, water and waste eucalyptus. The methodology consists of a statistical study of the results obtained by calculating the density and axial compression tests and a subsequent comparison of these results with other studies. The results showed that there are significant differences in density and compressive strength when using different particle sizes the particles of eucalyptus. In general, the smaller the particle size, the lower the compression strength and the greater the density when the samples are produced with the same trait

Indicação e avaliação de potenciais áreas para implementação de aterros sanitários municipais – Apuí/AM

About eighty percent of the Brazilian municipalities have their residues in environmentally unsuitable sites and socially insalubrious. In this context, in the year 2010, instituted the National Policy on Solid Residues, which aims to integrated management and management environmentally appropriate of solid residues in Brazil (JUCA, 2002).The problem of urban residues is related to its origin and production in the same way that the concept of inexhaustibility and reflexes of compromising the environment, especially the pollution of soil, air and water resources (LIMA, 1995). Seeking a better residues management in the municipality of Apuí / AM and continuing work already started, Plan Solid Residues Management of the Apuí / AM, this work came to propose a better environmental compliance in relation to solid residues compared to 12305/2010 law that established deadlines / timelines on some actions such as landfills and the consequent elimination of environmentally sound disposal of residues by 2014 and thus began a study of potential areas for the implementation of the landfill were evaluated taking into consideration technical aspects (soil, vegetation, climate, hydrography, etc), legislation and Google Earth imagery. The result of the work over the 6 areas proposed by the City Hall was the choice of AREA 4 as the most indicated for the implementation of the landfill for the city of Apuí, which has 18,325 inhabitants (IBGE, 2011); some considerations were made if a new area can be proposed by the city to implement the landfill

Aplicação de coagulantes naturais no tratamento de lixiviado de resíduos urbanos

With the constant increase in the municipal solid waste (MSW) generation, mainly due to the high consumption patterns, it becomes difficult to manage correctly the solid waste and thus minimize their impact on the environment. One of the most problems of the large amount of waste generated is the liquid originated from physical, chemical and biological decomposition process of organic wastes, with dark color and bad smell, called leachate: it can reach the soil, polluting the groundwater and the surface water. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the process of coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation applied in the treatment of the leachate generated in the not controlled landfill of Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Uso de composto de poda de árvore e lodo de esgoto como substratos na formação de mudas de sangra d'água (Croton urucurana Baill.) irrigadas com três lâminas de água

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Ciência do Solo) - FCAV

O comércio internacional de resíduos rerigosos entre países OCDE e não OCDE: uma análise empírica com destaque para o Brasil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Obtenção de rochas sintéticas a partir de resíduos de vidro comercial e pó de granito

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Análise de estabilidade de taludes de aterro de resíduos urbanos utilizando parâmetros geotécnicos de propostas bibliográficas e correlações com Nspt

Pós-graduação em Geociências e Meio Ambiente - IGCE