Tensiones de una burocracia sindical en recomposición : La CGT platense a fines de los años 50

Fil: Raimundo, Marcelo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Analogías y diferencias entre leyes de educación superior en el contexto de las políticas neoliberales de fines del milenio

Este estudio comparado de las leyes de educación superior de Argentina, Chile y España, promulgadas durante la última década del siglo pasado en el contexto dominante de la políticas liberales, apunta a determinar las analogías y diferencias existentes; así como derivar conclusiones sobre los sistemas y criterios que sirvan al perfeccionamiento y reforma de la ley de educación superior, resignificando el rol de las instituciones universitarias en la Argentina reciente. El abordaje investigativo ha estado transversalizado por el planteo acerca de cuáles han sido las consecuencias de los cambios legislativos sobre los modelos organizacionales de conocimiento, habilidades, curriculum, finanzas, rendición de cuentas y organización. Los ítems comparados fueron las regulaciones estatales y las políticas de evaluación establecidas y su incidencia en las autonomías universitarias; la emergencia de nuevos actores y modos de organización en los procesos universitarios de oferta académica y producción de saber: la diferenciación institucional y expansión de proveedores privados; la multiplicidad de las fuentes de financiamiento y las presiones en torno a la búsqueda de una mayor "utilidad social" de los contenidos impartidos y los conocimientos generados por sus investigadores; el ingreso universitario y las restricciones a la libre admisibilidad como pauta de inclusión / exclusión educativa. Las leyes de educación superior analizadas comparativamente son: la Ley de Educación Superior argentina (LES, 1995), la Ley Orgánica Constitucional de Educación chilena (LOCE, 1989) y la Ley Orgánica de Universidades española (LOU, 2001)

Tensiones de una burocracia sindical en recomposición : La CGT platense a fines de los años 50

Fil: Raimundo, Marcelo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Using the tax system to collect fines

In this article we consider the possibility that fines could be collected through the tax and social welfare systems in the same way as higher education contributions and child support payments are currently administered. We argue that the existing system of fine collection and enforcement leads to high default rates and reduces the usefulness of fines as a sanction. We consider a range of models for the implementation of an income-related fine collection system, and discuss their possible implications for issues including judicial independence, the time taken to repay fines and aggregate fine revenue.

Quadrature-phase noise penalties of optically and electro-optically phase-locked lasers

Focussing particularly on solid-state laser systems, the phase-noise penalties of laser injection-locking and electro-optical phase-locking are derived using linearised quantum mechanical models. The fundamental performance limit (minimum achievable output phase noise) for an injection-locked laser (IJL) system at low frequencies is equal to that of a standard phase-insensitive amplifier, whereas, in principle, that of a phase-locked laser (PLL) system can be better. At high frequencies, the output phase noise of the IJL system is limited by that of the master laser, while that of the PLL system tends to a weighted sum of contributions from the master and slave laser fields. Under conditions of large amplification, particularly where there has been significant attenuation, the noise penalties are shown to be substantial. Nonideal photodetector characteristics are shown to add significantly to the noise penalties for the PLL system. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Won't pay or can't pay? Exploring the use of fines as a sentencing alternative for public nuisance type offences in Queensland

The complex relationship between marginalized people, 'public nuisance type offences' and fines law is explored. Court observation research conducted in Brisbane is reported which suggests that indigent people are more likely than others to appear before the court on charges related to public space offences, and that they are just as likely as others to receive a fine in response to their offending behaviour despite the legislative provisions aimed at avoiding this

A green stick or a fresh stick?: Locating customary penalties in the post-colonial era

Former colonies and dependencies in the South Pacific do not have the luxury of entirely ‘homegrown’ laws. Their legal systems are burdened with a ‘legacy’ of transplanted laws, developed for use in a foreign country, imposed on pre-existing systems of custom and culture. As a result, many small island countries are struggling to balance the demands of law from different sources, designed to operate in fundamentally different circumstances. In addition to the conflict that occurs in areas of substantive law, where customary and introduced law may prescribe a different rule for the same situation, the two systems differ in their approach to procedure, penalties and relief. This paper considers the divide between the theory and practice of introduced law and customary law and examines the way in which conflicts have been dealt with by the courts. In particular, it uses the example of banishment to illustrate the type of problems that arise in a plural system. The paper looks at the balancing exercise which has been necessary when custom, in the form of banishment, comes into conflict with introduced law, in the form of constitutional rights.