Study to determine the cardiovascular risk ofthe population of Guimarães/Vizela, includingthe prevalence of arterial stiffness and early vascular aging syndrome

Tese de Doutoramento em Medicina.

Análise da percepção da fadiga, estresse e ansiedade em trabalhadores de uma indústria de calçados

OBJETIVO: Descrever e correlacionar os aspectos envolvidos com a percepção de fadiga e estresse laboral e percebido em trabalhadores de ambos os sexos, em função do setor de trabalho e traço de ansiedade. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 46 trabalhadores de uma indústria calçadista, por meio dos instrumentos: Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE), Questionário de Fadiga de Yoshitake, Escala de Estresse no Trabalho e Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) para o estresse percebido. Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste t de Student e do teste de correlação de Pearson para p ≤ 0,05. RESULTADOS: Não foram verificadas diferenças significativas entre os sexos e entre os trabalhadores dos diferentes setores, quanto a fadiga, traço de ansiedade, estresse laboral e percebido. Quanto à fadiga, os trabalhadores com traço de ansiedade alto apresentaram maior nível de fadiga comparados àqueles que apresentavam traço de ansiedade baixo (p < 0,001). Foram observadas também correlações positivas entre as variáveis investigadas conforme o sexo, setor de trabalho e nível de ansiedade entre os trabalhadores. CONCLUSÃO: A percepção de fadiga afeta principalmente os trabalhadores que apresentam traço de ansiedade alto. Contudo, percebe-se, por meio dos testes de correlações, que as variáveis sexo, setor de trabalho e traço de ansiedade podem modular os níveis de fadiga e estresse laboral e percebido entre os trabalhadores.

Metabolic engineering with multi-objective optimization of kinetic models

Kinetic models have a great potential for metabolic engineering applications. They can be used for testing which genetic and regulatory modifications can increase the production of metabolites of interest, while simultaneously monitoring other key functions of the host organism. This work presents a methodology for increasing productivity in biotechnological processes exploiting dynamic models. It uses multi-objective dynamic optimization to identify the combination of targets (enzymatic modifications) and the degree of up- or down-regulation that must be performed in order to optimize a set of pre-defined performance metrics subject to process constraints. The capabilities of the approach are demonstrated on a realistic and computationally challenging application: a large-scale metabolic model of Chinese Hamster Ovary cells (CHO), which are used for antibody production in a fed-batch process. The proposed methodology manages to provide a sustained and robust growth in CHO cells, increasing productivity while simultaneously increasing biomass production, product titer, and keeping the concentrations of lactate and ammonia at low values. The approach presented here can be used for optimizing metabolic models by finding the best combination of targets and their optimal level of up/down-regulation. Furthermore, it can accommodate additional trade-offs and constraints with great flexibility.

Estudo de betumes modificados recuperados de misturas produzidas pelo método húmido e pelo método seco

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Civil

Pulse wave velocity distribution in a cohort study: from arterial stiffness to early vascular aging

BACKGROUND: By contrast with other southern European people, north Portuguese population registers an especially high prevalence of hypertension and stroke incidence. We designed a cohort study to identify individuals presenting accelerated and premature arterial aging in the Portuguese population. METHOD: Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured in randomly sampled population dwellers aged 18-96 years from northern Portugal, and used as a marker of early vascular aging (EVA). Of the 3038 individuals enrolled, 2542 completed the evaluation. RESULTS: Mean PWV value for the entire population was 8.4?m/s (men: 8.6?m/s; women: 8.2?m/s; P?EVA if their PWV was at least 97.5th percentile of z-score for mean PWV values adjusted for age (using normal European reference values as comparators). The overall prevalence of EVA was 12.5%; 26.1% of individuals below 30 years presented this feature and 40.2% of individuals in that same age strata were placed above the 90th percentile of PWV; and 18.7% of the population exhibited PWV values above 10?m/s, with male predominance (17.2% of men aged 40-49 years had PWV?>?10?m/s). Logistic regression models indicated gender differences concerning the risk of developing large artery damage, with women having the same odds of PWV above 10?m/s 10 years later than men. CONCLUSION: The population PWV values were higher than expected in a low cardiovascular risk area (Portugal). High prevalence rates of EVA and noteworthy large artery damage in young ages were found.

Clinical significance of in-hospital reocclusion after mechanical reperfusion and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of in-hospital reocclusion of reperfused AMI culprit coronary arteries in mortality and to identify the predictors. METHODS: The present study comprises a sample of 155 patients with AMI who underwent successful mechanical reperfusion by direct coronary angioplasty and angiographic control during hospitalization or before discharge. Patients were classified into group A: reoccluded patients (n=30) and group B: non-reoccluded patients (n=125). RESULTS: We identified in-hospital reocclusion predictors and found a greater significance in mortality among reoccluded patients (23,3% x 1.6%; p=0.00004). Silent reocclusion or typical angina at reocclusion had a good prognosis. The independent predictors of in-hospital mortality were hypertension, multiarterial lesions, totally occluded AMI culprit lesions, failed redilatation, failed redilatation in comparison with no intention to redilate, no redilatation in comparison with no atempt to redilate, and reocclusion within the first 48 to 72 hours. The decision to redilate, independently of the result, led to a 50.0% reduction in hospital mortality (p=0.0366). CONCLUSION: In-hospital AMI culprit coronary artery reocclusion had an adverse effect similar to that reported in clinical studies with high mortality rates (23.3% x 1.6%; p=0.00004). The major contribution of this study is to recommend the reopening of reoccluded AMI culprit coronary arteries as a means for the management of coronary artery reocclusion.

O testamento vital: considerações gerais sobre as diretivas antecipadas de vontade

Dissertação de mestrado em Direito das Crianças, Família e Sucessões

Síntese e caracterização de nanopartículas vetorizadas para células tumorais com possível aplicação na entrega controlada de fármacos

Dissertação de mestrado em Química Medicinal

Application of receptive music therapy in internal medicine and cardiology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of receptive music therapy in clinical practice. METHODS: Receptive music therapy was individually applied via musical auditions, including five stages: musical stimulation, sensation, situation, reflection, and behavioral alteration. Following anamnesis and obtainment of consent, patients answered a first questionnaire on health risk evaluation (Q1), and after participating in 16 weekly music therapy sessions, answered a second one (Q2). RESULTS: Two men and 8 women, aged above 18 years, referred to us due to symptoms of stress, emotional suffering, and the need to change lifestyles (health risk behavior) were studied between August 1998 and December 1999. Comparison between answers to Q1 and Q2, showed a trend (P=0.059) for reduction of ingestion of cholesterol-rich foods and for increased prospects in life with a tendency towards improvement, and also of increased intake of fiber-rich food (55.6%), increased levels of personal satisfaction (44.5%), and decreased levels of stress (66.7%). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated decreased stress levels and increased personal satisfaction, higher consumption of fiber-rich food, lower cholesterol intake, and a better perspective on life, suggesting that receptive music therapy may be applied in clinical practice as an auxiliary therapeutic intervention for the treatment of behavioral health risks.

The use of abciximab associated with primary angioplasty for treating acute myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVE: To assess the benefit resulting from the use of abciximab associated with primary angioplasty. The following parameters were analyzed in-hospital, at 30 days, and 6 months: (a) flow in the culprit artery; (b) ventricular function; (c) combined outcome of death, acute myocardial infarction, and aditional revascularization. METHODS: From November 1997 to June 1999, a longitudinal nonrandomized study with historical data of 137 patients with acute myocardial infarction within the first 12 hours. Patients undergoing primary angioplasty and were divided into 2 groups: those receiving (A) abciximab (26) or (B) conventional therapy (111). TIMI flow and regional ventricular function estimated by the standard deviation (SD)/chordis index were analyzed. RESULTS: At the end of angioplasty, TIMI 3 flow was observed in 76.9% and 83.8% of the patients in groups A and B, respectively (P=0.58). In the reevaluation, patients with TIMI flow <3 showed a 100% improvement in group A and a 33% in group B (P<0.0001). A significant improvement (P<0.0001) in regional ventricular function, by SD/chordis index, occurred in each group; no significant difference between groups however, was observed (29.9% x 20.2%; P=0.58). A nonsignificant reduction in the combined outcome in the in-hospital phase (3.85% A x 9.0% B; P=0.34) and on the 30th day (4.0% x 12.0%; P=0.22) was observed in group A. CONCLUSION: Abciximab improved blood flow. Primary angioplasty improved regional ventricular function independent of antithrombotic therapy. Abciximab showed a trend toward reducing the combined outcome in the in-hospital phase and on the 30th day.

Acute myocardial infarction in elderly patients: comparative analysis of the predictors of mortality. The elderly versus the young

OBJECTIVE: To study the in-hospital evolution of patients aged 65 years and older, with acute myocardial infarction, who were treated by direct coronary angioplasty with no fibrinolytic therapy. METHODS: We studied 885 patients divided into 2 groups as follows: group I (GI) - 293 (33.4%) patients aged ³ 65 years (72±5 years), and group II (GII) - 592 patients aged < 65 years (57±9 years). Multivessel disease was more frequent in GI (63.5% x 49.7%; p=0.001). A greater number of GII patients were class I or II of the clinical Killip-Kimball classification (K) (80.2% x 67.2%; p=0.00002), while a significant number of GI patients were KIII and KIV (24.3% x 12.8%; p=0.00003). RESULTS: Group I had a lower index of success (84.6% x 94%; p=0.0002) and a greater in-hospital mortality (12.2% x 4.7%; p=0.00007). The predictors of mortality in GI were as follows: previous infarction (20.5% x 6.3%; p=0.02), anterior location (13.4% x 6.4%; p=0.03), and male sex (10.4% x 4.4%; p=0.007). CONCLUSION: Elderly patients had more severe acute myocardial infarction and more extensive disease, a lower index of success, and greater in-hospital mortality. Previous infarction, anterior location and male sex were identified as predictors of mortality in the elderly group (GI).

Correção cirúrgica da origem anômala de artéria pulmonar direita em aorta ascendente

A origem anômala da artéria pulmonar direita em aorta ascendente é uma malformação congênita rara. Descrevemos o caso de uma criança submetida à correção cirúrgica com anastomose direta entre a artéria pulmonar direita e o tronco pulmonar. Após 18 meses a paciente permanece assintomática sem apresentar estenose residual significativa na angioressonância.

Influencia de los valores y las presunciones básicas presentes en la cultura organizacional –con respecto a los resultados esperados y percibidos en los procesos de formalización de la gestión y el control- sobre el tipo de configuración estructural, la competencia comunicativa y la efectividad del equipo de comunicación de PYME’s de Córdoba

Desde las perspectivas de la cultura, la estructura y las redes de conversaciones organizacionales, nos proponemos identificar,analizar e interpretar cómo influyen los valores y las presunciones básicas presentes en la cultura organizacional- respecto a los resultados esperados y a los percibidos en los procesos de formalización (sistematización) de la gestión y el control- sobre el tipo de configuración estructural, la competencia comunicativa y la efectividad del equipo de comunicación de PYME’s de Córdoba. Como metodología de Investigación aplicaremos el “estudio de caso”. El objeto de estudio son PYME’s de Córdoba que llevan adelante un proceso de formalización de su sistema de gestión y control. Utilizaremos un enfoque encapsulado, porque examinaremos varias subunidades dentro de cada empresa. Asimismo, el diseño será de casos múltiples: dos o tres empresas (según la factibilidad). El procedimiento de muestreo para la selección de las empresas y, dentro de éstas, para la selección del personal, será no probabilístico. En cuanto a la técnica de muestreo, será por conveniencia o por juicio, según la situación. Para la identificación y el registro de expresiones verbales aplicaremos el “Método de Comunicación” y el enfoque no estructurado-directo. Utilizaremos entrevistas personales semi-directivas, aunque también se evaluará la factibilidad y pertinencia de grupos foco. Para la identificación y el registro de comportamientos aplicaremos el Método de Observación, natural, estructurada e indirecta.

Factores que influyen en los procesos de cambio de una gestión autoritaria a una gestión participativa en las empresas PYMES de Córdoba

Numerosos autores, desde diversos enfoques, señalan que la empresa tradicional está en crisis fruto principalmente de la aceleración del cambio, la globalización de los mercados, el incremento de la competitividad, el efecto de las nuevas tecnologías, los cambios en el carácter del trabajo, las dificultades en la aplicación del “mando y control” y, con ello, el desaprovechamiento de la capacidad productiva intelectual. La estructura organizacional de carácter piramidal y jerárquico se muestra lenta y poco eficaz para la toma de decisiones, influyendo negativamente en la capacidad productiva. En el contexto precedentemente descripto, se observa una fuerte tendencia de las empresas a realizar cambios en sus sistemas de gestión, lo cual implica un proceso de implementación compleja. En consecuencia, se observa la necesidad de una investigación que permita identificar los factores que influyen en el proceso de implementación de sistemas de gestión participativa dentro de organizaciones que responden a un diseño organizacional de carácter autoritario. El presente proyecto de investigación puede encuadrarse dentro de una de las “áreas – problema” definidas por esta Universidad: las “prácticas institucionales”. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria cuyos resultados permitirían identificar variables y formular mejor un problema de investigación relativo a los paradigmas de la dirección y a las características de la comunicación interna –a los cuales subyacen valores, normas y tradiciones- que actúan como marco de las prácticas de los integrantes de PYMES de Córdoba que han implementado sistemas de gestión participativa o lo están haciendo. Por otra parte, se señala que el proyecto de investigación aquí planteado, dentro de los ejes transversales identificados en el marco de la estrategia de investigación de la UCC, se inscribe en el contexto de la “gestión estratégica de recursos”, abordando específicamente la gestión de recursos humanos. Pero, además, al arrojar información que podría ser utilizada para mejorar los sistemas de gestión participativa, también responde al eje de persona e identidad social, favoreciendo gestiones de PYME que fomenten la autorrealización y el sentido de vida en los integrantes de estas organizaciones.

Influencia de variables de cultura, estructura y redes de conversaciones organizacionales sobre el logro de resultados en procesos de cambio de Pymes de Córdoba

Nos proponemos describir, desde las perspectivas de cultura, estructura y redes de conversaciones organizacionales, la influencia que tienen la competencia comunicativa, el equipo de comunicación, la coherencia interna de la configuración estructural, el tipo de liderazgo, los valores y las presunciones básicas, sobre los procesos de cambio desarrollados en Pymes de Córdoba y con ello sobre el logro de los resultados esperados. El tipo de investigación propuesto es descriptiva en una primera instancia, con la posibilidad (depende de la factibilidad determinada oportunamente) de análisis correlacionales. El objeto de estudio son PYMES de Córdoba que hayan desarrollado algún proceso de cambio (organizacional, tecnológico, de equipamiento, etc.) en los últimos tres años. El muestreo será de tipo no probabilístico. Para selección de empresas, la técnica a aplicar será por conveniencia y, luego, para seleccionar los directivos y operarios se aplicará el muestreo por cuotas. El diseño de investigación que se aplicará es no experimental, transversal. Siguiendo metodológicamente a T. Kinnear y J. Taylor, el método de recolección de datos será la comunicación (basado en la interrogación de los miembros de la muestra seleccionada para el estudio) y la técnica que se aplicará será la administración de cuestionarios semi-estructurados, complementados con entrevistas semi-directivas.