1000 resultados para Escorpião amarelo


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Brazil has a great diversity of native fruits, which are not always widely consumed, being sold only in certain regions, due to their difficulty of post-harvest conservation. One such fruit is yellow guava, interesting source of nutrients. To promote the consumption and use of this fruit to the consumer public in different regions of the country, this study evaluated the incorporation of yellow Ya-cy araçá in formulating a cereal bar. Therefore, fruits were evaluated for their chemical, physical and chemical characteristics and bioactive compounds in different stages of maturation yellow guava (green, mature and dried forms). The behavior of guava yellow front of to UV-C radiation was also evaluated. After these reviews, there was obtained yellow ripe guava flour after previous tests, was added to the base formulation cereal bar. For the experimental planning and development of the formulations was used factorial design 22 with a central point. The developed formulations were subjected to sensory evaluation using for treatment of multivariate data analysis (Principal Component Analysis- ACP). The preferred formulation in sensory evaluation was evaluated in their physical characteristics (texture), physical-chemical (moisture, ash, lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, dietary fiber and calorie), mineral content and fatty acid profile. The results indicated that the added yellow guava cereal bar developed in this study is one way to application and use of guava, increasing the consumption of fruit to different regions of the country, and can be considered a functional product, not only to contain the fruit in its composition, but also to present many beneficial nutrients that contribute to the health of consumers.

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The most native fruit trees are belonging to Myrtaceae family, which it have as main marketing potential their fruit. Despite the wide acceptance of the fruits of these native fruit cultura, the establishment of commercial orchards is still necessary, because if it prevails extraction in the forest. To start the cultivo in the orchard, the first point is on the mother plant choice, which should provide superior characteristics when compared to other genotypes. Then, it is necessary to choose the method to can produce satisfactory amount of seedlings and preferably without it to lose the mother plant characteristics. For this, it adopts the asexual thechniques, with option for grafting, cuttings and air layering. These techniques when tested with native fruits tree, it proved limiting in theses results, with this, it should to test other it to recommend its use, especially, those fruit native of higher potential as jabuticaba tree, pitanga tree, sete capote tree and araça amarelo tree. The aim of this study was to test the use of asexual propagation through mini-cuttings in these native fruit trees, according to the time of collection, the mini-cutting length and concentration of IBA, as well as, it to relate the results of rooting with tryptophan extracted at certain times. The work was carried out at Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná – Câmpus Dois Vizinhos, Brazil. The samples were collected each two months. The mini-cutting were prepared with 6 or 8 cm, with a pair of leaves reduced to 25% of the original size. The mini-cuttings had their base immersed in liquid solution of indole-butyric acid (IBA) in the concentrations of 0, 3000 and 6000 mg L-1 and then were placed in tubes containing commercial substrate. The experimental design was completely randomized with factorial 2 x 3 x 6 (mini-cutting length x IBA concentration x time of collection), with four replications, it being each plot varied according to the amount of shoots obtained by period time. After 120 days, the rooting and callus formation (%), average number of roots per mini-cutting and the average length of the roots were evaluated. After 60 days of these evaluations, the survival of mini-cuttings rooted after transplant was evaluated. It was evaluated also the production of mini-cuttings of each size in each period time. At the end of the experiment it was evaluated the percentage of survival of mother plantlets. For analysis of tryptophan was used materials branches, leaves and twigs with leaves, taken from the materials used for the production of mini-cutting. It was recommended for hybrid jabuticaba tree the use mini-cutting with eight cm, treated with 6000 mg L-1 of IBA and collected in June. For jabuticaba tree of cabinho and araça amarelo tree the period for propagation by mini-cuttings should be in August, regardless of IBA concentration and length of the mini-cutting. In the jabuticaba tree sabara and sete capote tree is important to obtain more satisfactory results realized the collect in October or December, with the same independence of other levels tested in other factors. However, for sete capote tree should test other techniques to increase the efficiency of propagation. And with pitanga tree recommended to the collection in June, but with 6cm the application of 3000 mg L-1 of IBA and 8 cm with 6000 mg L-1 of IBA.

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The feeding habits and biological aspects of the reproductive cycle of two-spot astyanax, Astyanax cf. lacustris (Reinhardt, 1874) were investigated. Fish samples were captured on a monthly basis, using gillnets of 4 cm mesh size, from the Piató Lake, Assu, Rio Grande do Norte, during the period of September, 2006 to August, 2007. Physico-chemical parameters, such as, temperature, electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen of the lake were registered. The monthly values of rainfall also were obtained. The 360 individuals captured, were measured, weighed, dissected, and stomach weight and the stage of gonadal maturity were registered. The stomach contents analyses were carried out based on volumetric method, points, frequency of occurrence and applying the Index of Relative Importance. The degrees of repletion of the stomachs were determined besides the Index of Repletion relating to feeding activity variations and frequency of ingestion with limnological parameters and rainfall. The food items identified were separated into distinct groups according to their origin. Sex ratio and Gonadosomatic Relation of females were verified to determine the spawning period and fecundity. The physico-chemical parameters presented the following annual mean values: temperature = 28.8ºC, electrical conductivity = 992.5 µS.cm-1; dissolved oxygen = 4.9 mg.L-1 during the study period. The annual mean of the rainfall was 63.5 mm. The results indicate that this species present an omnivorous feeding habit with a tendency towards insectivory, with an increase in feeding activity during the dry season. The aquatic oxygen to interfere very importance in the feeding activity than the others factors physico-chemicals of water and rainfall. There was a predominance of females, with a sex proportion of 1M:7F. The macroscopic characteristics of the ovaries and testicles revealed four stages of gonadal development: immature, maturing, mature and spent. A temporal variation was observed for the gonadal development of males and females. There was reproductive activity through out the year, with peaks in the months of February, April and June to correspond with the rain of precipitation of the region. The mean fecundity was 7.681 mature oocytes, varying from 4.476 to 12.036, with mean of 7.681. There was positive relation between fecundity and body mass. Condition Factor is not an efficient indicator of the reproductive period of this species. The species A. cf. lacustris is an opportunist and is well adapted to the conditions of the semi-arid Caatinga Biome

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In Brazil, accidents with scorpions are considered of medical importance, not only by the high incidence, but also for the potentiality of the venom from some species in determining severe clinical conditions. Tityus stigmurus is a widely distributed scorpion species in Northeastern Brazil and known to cause severe human envenomations, inducing pain, hyposthesia, edema, erythema, paresthesia, headaches and vomiting. The present study uses a transcriptomic approach to characterize the molecular repertoire from the non-stimulated venom gland of Tityus stigmurus scorpion. A cDNA library was constructed and 540 clones were sequenced and grouped into 37 clusters, with more than one EST (expressed sequence tag) and 116 singlets. Forty-one percent of ESTs belong to recognized toxin-coding sequences, with antimicrobial toxins (AMP-like) the most abundant transcripts, followed by alfa KTx- like, beta KTx-like, beta NaTx-like and alfa NaTx-like. Our analysis indicated that 34% include other possible venom molecules , whose transcripts correspond to anionic peptides, hypothetical secreted peptides, metalloproteinases, cystein-rich peptides and lectins. Fifteen percent of ESTs are similar to cellular transcripts. Sequences without good matches corresponded to 11%. This investigation provides the first global view of cDNAs from Tityus stigmurus. This approach enables characterization of a large number of venom gland component molecules, which belong either to known or atypical types of venom peptides and proteins from the Buthidae family

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Equipe técnica: Valter Rodrigues Oliveira, Leonardo Silva Boiteux, Agnaldo Donizete Ferreira de Carvalho, Ailton Reis, André Nepomuceno Dusi, Carlos Alberto Lopes, Celso Luiz Moretti, Geni Livtin Villas Bôas, Ítalo Moraes Rocha Guedes, Jadir Borges Pinheiro, João Maria Charchar, Leonora Mansur Mattos, Mirtes Freitas de Lima, Ronessa Bartolomeu de Souza, Werito Fernandes de Melo, Gláucia Salles Cortopassi Buso, Marco Antônio Ferreira, Fernando Antonio de Souza Aragão, Francisco das Chagas Vidal Neto, Waldelice Oliveira de Paiva, João Ribeiro Crisóstomo, Ricardo Elesbão Alves, José Luiz Mosca, Heloisa Almeida Cunha Figueiras, Antônio Apoliano dos Santos, Nivaldo Duardo Costa (CPATSA), Joston Simão de Assis (CPATSA), Rita de Cássia Souza Dias (CPATSA), José Amauri Buso, Marcos Coelho.

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A ocorrência de toxicidade de alumínio (Al) em plantas cultivadas é frequente em muitos solos brasileiros, geralmente associada aos solos lixiviados, com baixa fertilidade e elevada acidez. Para prever o efeito do Al na disponibilidade e absorção dos nutrientes em mudas de palma de óleo (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), foi instalado experimento em casa de vegetação na Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, utilizando o híbrido Tenera BRS C-2501, melhorado pela Embrapa.

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Esta pesquisa foi realizada em condições de casa de vegetação, na Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, utilizando o dendezeiro ou palma de óleo (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), híbrido intraespecífico BRS C-2501, melhorado pela Embrapa. O objetivo foi avaliar o efeito do Al no crescimento e na concentração de nutrientes em plantas de dendê, submetidas a quatro tratamentos com cloreto de alumínio.

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O cultivo da soja destaca-se por ser a principal atividade responsável pela expansão da fronteira agrícola no País, sendo assim, necessário a utilização de sistemas que torne seu cultivo sustentável. Objetivou-se avaliar o desenvolvimento da soja cultivada em diferentes sistemas. O experimento foi realizado na fazenda Vitória, município de Paragominas, Pará. Segundo Köppen, o clima do município é classificado como mesotérmico e úmido, tipologia climática Aw. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos por três sistemas de cultivo de soja, sendo em sistema iLPF (consórcio com Brachiaria ruziziensis e intercalado com eucalipto), sistema Santa Fé (consórcio com Brachiaria ruziziensis) e sistema Convencional manejado com técnicas tradicionais de preparo do solo (aração e gradagem) e controle fitossanitário. Foram avaliadas a produtividade de grãos da cultura, teor de umidade dos grãos (%); Stand de plantas, altura de planta e de inserção da primeira vagem. As médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Os valores de altura de planta e inserção da primeira vagem e produtividade de grãos não apresentaram diferença significativa entre os sistemas em estudo. A soja cultivar sambaiba em consórcio com Brachiaria ruziziensis nos sistemas integração Lavoura-Pecuária-Floresta e Santa Fé não sofreram redução na produtividade de grãos por área e de grãos por indivíduo quando comparados ao sistema Convencional.

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No Estado do Pará, na maioria dos solos onde se cultiva milho, o fósforo é um dos nutrientes que mais limita a produtividade dessa cultura. Objetivou-se avaliar a resposta do milho a doses de fertilizantes fosfatados. O experimento foi conduzido no campo, em Latossolo Amarelo distrófico textura muito argilosa, no Município de Belterra, Pará. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos ao acaso com três repetições, em esquema fatorial 3x5, correspondendo a três fontes de adubos fosfatados, sendo superfosfato simples, superfosfato triplo e fosfato natural reativo de Bayóvar, e cinco doses de P2O5 (0 kg.ha-1,80 kg.ha-1, 160 kg.ha-1, 240 kg.ha-1 e 320 kg.ha-1). O milho foi colhido aos 120 dias após o plantio para avaliação da produtividade de grãos. Os maiores teores de nutrientes na folha do milho foram obtidos nos tratamentos com SFT em relação ao SFS e Bayóvar. A cultura do milho respondeu em produtividade à adubação fosfatada, independente da fonte de P e do método de aplicação do fertilizante. A dose mais adequada para as fontes de adubos fosfatados foi 160 kg.ha-1 de P2O5.

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Objetivou-se avaliar o (Schizolobium amazonicum) no sistema de Integração Lavoura-Pecuária-Floresta (ILPF) e no sistema homogêneo para recuperar áreas de pastagens degradadas. O cultivo de grãos foi realizado com milho (BRS 1030), a forragem utilizada foi Urochlroa ruziziensis e a espécie florestal foi o paricá. O crescimento do paricá foi mensurado até o quinto ano e a circunferência à altura do peito (CAP) foi mensurada a partir do segundo ano da instalação do sistema ILPF. Na avaliação dos 5 anos, as plantas de paricá no ILPF apresentaram menores valores de altura de planta e maiores valores de CAP, quando comparadas com o sistema homogêneo. O excesso de chuva nos meses de fevereiro a maio de 2009 causou prejuízos na produtividade e na qualidade dos grãos de milho (Zea mays). Mesmo assim, apresentou bons resultados no consórcio com forragem intercalado com paricá. Houve recuperação e manutenção da capacidade produtiva do solo, redução de carbono (C), fósforo (P), saturação por bases e aumento no teor de alumínio trocável (Al3+) com o aumento da profundidade do solo. Essas peculiaridades do iLPF implicam em diferentes estratégias de manejo da fertilidade do solo. Para tanto, as recomendações devem ser mais bem estudadas, respeitando as situações especificamente.

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The feeding habits and biological aspects of the reproductive cycle of two-spot astyanax, Astyanax cf. lacustris (Reinhardt, 1874) were investigated. Fish samples were captured on a monthly basis, using gillnets of 4 cm mesh size, from the Piató Lake, Assu, Rio Grande do Norte, during the period of September, 2006 to August, 2007. Physico-chemical parameters, such as, temperature, electrical conductivity and dissolved oxygen of the lake were registered. The monthly values of rainfall also were obtained. The 360 individuals captured, were measured, weighed, dissected, and stomach weight and the stage of gonadal maturity were registered. The stomach contents analyses were carried out based on volumetric method, points, frequency of occurrence and applying the Index of Relative Importance. The degrees of repletion of the stomachs were determined besides the Index of Repletion relating to feeding activity variations and frequency of ingestion with limnological parameters and rainfall. The food items identified were separated into distinct groups according to their origin. Sex ratio and Gonadosomatic Relation of females were verified to determine the spawning period and fecundity. The physico-chemical parameters presented the following annual mean values: temperature = 28.8ºC, electrical conductivity = 992.5 µS.cm-1; dissolved oxygen = 4.9 mg.L-1 during the study period. The annual mean of the rainfall was 63.5 mm. The results indicate that this species present an omnivorous feeding habit with a tendency towards insectivory, with an increase in feeding activity during the dry season. The aquatic oxygen to interfere very importance in the feeding activity than the others factors physico-chemicals of water and rainfall. There was a predominance of females, with a sex proportion of 1M:7F. The macroscopic characteristics of the ovaries and testicles revealed four stages of gonadal development: immature, maturing, mature and spent. A temporal variation was observed for the gonadal development of males and females. There was reproductive activity through out the year, with peaks in the months of February, April and June to correspond with the rain of precipitation of the region. The mean fecundity was 7.681 mature oocytes, varying from 4.476 to 12.036, with mean of 7.681. There was positive relation between fecundity and body mass. Condition Factor is not an efficient indicator of the reproductive period of this species. The species A. cf. lacustris is an opportunist and is well adapted to the conditions of the semi-arid Caatinga Biome

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2016

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A estrutura é uma das características principais do solo sob o ponto de vista agrícola, tendo participação substancial nas relações soloplanta. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as as variações dos atributos físicos de um Latossolo Amarelo em cronossequência sob sistema de integração Lavoura-Pecuária-Floresta. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: sistema iLPF amostrado em dois períodos de tempo, no ano 2011 (iLPF2011) e no ano de 2013 (iLPF2013) e floresta secundária como testemunha (FS) em quatro profundidades de solo. Os atributos do solo avaliados foram densidade do solo (Ds), porosidade total (PT), macroporosidade (MAC) e microporosidade (MIC). O sistema iLPF (iLPF2011 e iLPF2013) apresentou aumento de densidade e perda de porosidade apenas na camada superficiais quando comparado à floresta secundária. Houve diferença de MAC nas camadas 0-10 e 10-20 cm, tendo o iLPF2013 o maior valor. Houve aumento de microporos no sistema iLPF ao decorrer dos anos, quando comparado à FS. O sistema de integração Lavoura-Pecuária-Floresta aos dois e quatro anos de implantação não proporcionou danos na estrutura do solo quando comparado às condições da floresta secundária.

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Os altos custos dos fosfatos industrializados têm contribuído para restringir o uso desses insumos na Amazônia, o que condiciona a busca de fontes alternativas de fósforo. Diante disso, a tarefa de estudar a eficiência de fontes de fósforo é importante para orientar a indústria de transformação, bem como para recomendar ao produtor rural o melhor manejo para cada fonte. Visando avaliar a eficiência agronômica do termofosfato de alumínio, como fonte de P, um experimento foi conduzido em um Latossolo Amarelo distrófico, textura muito argilosa, em Paragominas-PA. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com três repetições em arranjo fatorial de 3x4 correspondendo a três fontes de P (Bayóvar, Superfosfato triplo-SFT, termofosfato de alumínio) e quatro doses de P (0, 50, 100 e 200 kg ha-1 de P2O5). Os teores de fósforo no solo e produção de grãos de milho apresentaram um comportamento linear em resposta à aplicação de doses crescentes de termofosfato de alumínio, apresentando um comportamento muito semelhante ao fosfato reativo de Bayóvar. A aplicação de doses crescentes de termofosfato de alumínio promove aumento na produção de grãos de milho, apresentando comportamento muito semelhante ao fosfato reativo de Bayóvar. A maior eficiência agronômica do termofosfato de alumínio se verifica na maior dose de P aplicada (200 kg ha-1 de P2O5).