Educational policy in Spain - a federal illusion?

Education and health policy are two of the public policies, which in Spain have been assigned to the Autonomous Communities (AC). This transfer of powers could be considered a proof for the strong “self-rule” of the AC, which in turn shows that Spain could be classified as a federal state. In the following analysis the authors in some parts disagree with that conclusion, showing that considering the education area Spain is “heavy at the top”. Due to the state’s exclusive power to regulate the basic conditions guaranteeing the equality of all Spanish citizens, the important and final decisions are taken at the center through the framework legislation. The AC play a minor role in the legislation process, they have to adopt the center decisions. De-centralization and extension of the framework legislation are highly connected: The central state reacted with strong framework legislation to the stages of the educational decentralization process. In addition, the concentration of important framing powers within the central state does not make educational reforms more infrequent. However, such reforms are the results of a competition between the parties, and not between the AC or between the AC and the central state

Estratègies de marketing per assolir l'èxit : llançament d'una revista per a joves

Actualment, en aquesta societat és difícil introduir un nou producte al mercat degut alshàbits de consum adquirits per la població. Per tal de superar aquests obstacles, el marketing actual s'ha tornat més complex i sofisticat. Per tot això, s’analitzaran els passos que s'han de seguir per tenir èxit a l'hora de llançar un nou producte.Per començar, s’enfocarà el tema en un únic producte, una revista dirigida a un públic entre 16 i 30 anys aproximadament. Així doncs, es suposarà una situació fictícia on una empresa independent, que està intentant introduir una nova publicació al mercat de la premsa escrita, contractarà un estudi de marketing per decidir els continguts de la revista, a quin tipus de consumidors estarà dirigida i analitzar els punts forts i febles de la competència per saber quina directriu hauria de seguir l’estratègia comercial.Seguidament, es decidirà la marca de la revista: el títol i el disseny del logotip. El preu òptim de llançament, els mitjans de comunicació que s’utilitzarien per donar a conèixer la revista, quins canals de distribució es seguirien i quins serien els punts de venda. Per tot això, es realitzaran enquestes i es faran diversos estudis sobre l’entorn general de l’empresa i la situació actual del sector.Amb tot això volem aconseguir el següent objectiu: ¿Quines estratègies de marketings'haurien de seguir per assolir l'èxit?

Collective Marketing Arrangements for Geographically Differentiated Agricultural Products: Welfare Impacts and Policy Implications, May 2006

This paper examines the incentive of atomistic agricultural producers within a specific geographical region to differentiate and collectively market products. We develop a model that allows us to analyze the market and welfare effects of the main types of real-world producer organizations, using it to derive economic insights regarding the circumstances under which these organizations will evolve, and describing implications of the results obtained in the context of an ongoing debate between the European Union and United States. As the anticipated fixed costs of development and marketing increase and the anticipated size of the market falls, it becomes essential to increase the ability of the producer organization to control supply in order to ensure the coverage of fixed costs. Whenever a collective organization allows a market (with a new product) to exist that otherwise would not have existed there is an increase in societal welfare. Counterintuitively, stronger property right protection for producer organizations may be welfare enhancing even after a differentiated product has been developed. The reason for this somewhat paradoxical result is that legislation aimed at curtailing the market power of producer organizations may induce large technological distortions.

Iowa Turkey Marketing Council, Independent Auditor's Reports, Financial Statement, Schedule of Findings, December 31, 2004 & 2005

State Audit Reports

Office of Treasurer of State, Iowa Educational Savings Plan Trust, Independent Auditor's Reports, Financial Statements and Supplementary Information, June 30, 2006

State Audit Reports

Patients' knowledge of Diabetes five years after the end of an educational program

We present a cross-sectional study that aims to describe the sociodemographic and clinical conditions of individuals with diabetes mellitus and to analyze their knowledge of treatment five years after the end of an educational program in which they took part. In 2010, 40 individuals who had participated in a diabetes educational program for 12 months in 2005 at a primary care service were interviewed. A form was used for data collection that included their knowledge of the notion, physiopathology, and treatment of the disease; exercise; nutrition; foot care; self-monitoring of capillary blood glucose at home; hypoglycemia; chronic complications; special situations; and family support. The results showed that the volunteers incorporated the information about the notion, physiopathology, and treatment of the disease; exercise; foot care; self-monitoring; care associated with hypoglycemia; chronic complications; and special situations. In contrast, nutrition and family support require further reinforcement. It is concluded that five years after the end of the educational program, the participants kept most of the information provided.

Knowledge and attitudes of nurses towards alcohol and related problems: the impact of an educational intervention

An exploratory study of quasi-experimental approach that aimed to verify the impact of an educational intervention on attitudes and knowledge of nurses towards alcohol use and associated problems. The sample included 185 nurses, divided into two groups: 84 submitted to a training course and formed the experimental group. Data were collected through a knowledge survey and an attitude scale. The attitudes of the participants of both groups were positive. There were no significant differences between groups in relation to knowledge. The strongest predictors of positive attitudes were possessed preparation to act with chemical dependents (OR = 2.18), "have received increased workload during graduation on the theme, 'alcohol and other drugs'" (OR = 1.70), and "completed graduate school" (OR = 2.59). The educational intervention had a positive impact on the attitudes of nurses towards alcoholics, work and interpersonal relationships with such clientele.

Comunicação de Marketing na Formação da Imagem dos Destinos Turísticos: o caso de Cabo Verde

Segundo a Organização Mundial do Turismo (OMT), o turismo é a maior indústria do séc. XXI gerando anualmente milhares de milhões de dólares em divisas para a economia de inúmeros países. Por apresentar um conjunto de características muito específicas, o sucesso desta actividade é fortemente condicionado pela imagem que os turistas e potenciais turistas apresentam relativamente a um determinado destino. Apesar de existirem muitos factores que interferem na formação desta imagem, a comunicação de marketing é apontada, pelos investigadores, como um dos elementos que desempenha um papel crucial neste âmbito. O objecto do presente trabalho de investigação é a comunicação de marketing na formação da imagem dos destinos turísticos particularizando o arquipélago de Cabo Verde. O principal objectivo da pesquisa, é analisar a eficácia da comunicação de marketing de três organizações (Cabo Verde – Investimentos, União Nacional dos Operadores Turísticos e operador Soltropico), na promoção do arquipélago de Cabo Verde, enquanto destino turístico, no mercado português. Para a realização deste estudo empírico, foram definidas três hipóteses. Essas hipóteses foram testadas através do cruzamento da informação proveniente de uma entrevista realizada aos directores de marketing de cada uma das três organizações, com os dados obtidos a partir da análise de conteúdo dos instrumentos de comunicação que têm vindo a ser utilizados pelas respectivas entidades para promover o destino e com as respostas de um conjunto de 115 turistas portugueses, a um questionário cujo assunto se encontra relacionado com os principais atributos de Cabo Verde enquanto destino de férias. A investigação realizada permitiu verificar que, de uma forma geral, existe uma sintonia entre os atributos de Cabo Verde que as organizações têm intenção de divulgar, os atributos deste destino que são transmitidos pelos seus instrumentos comunicação e os principais atributos do arquipélago indicados pelos turistas portugueses. Contudo, os resultados do estudo revelam também a necessidade de se introduzir algumas correcções a nível de conteúdos e imagens que se encontram presentes nos instrumentos de comunicação de algumas das organizações, visando a criação de uma imagem mais atractiva deste destino.

Comunicação de Marketing na Formação da Imagem dos Destinos Turísticos: o caso de Cabo Verde

Segundo a Organização Mundial do Turismo (OMT), o turismo é a maior indústria do séc. XXI gerando anualmente milhares de milhões de dólares em divisas para a economia de inúmeros países. Por apresentar um conjunto de características muito específicas, o sucesso desta actividade é fortemente condicionado pela imagem que os turistas e potenciais turistas apresentam relativamente a um determinado destino. Apesar de existirem muitos factores que interferem na formação desta imagem, a comunicação de marketing é apontada, pelos investigadores, como um dos elementos que desempenha um papel crucial neste âmbito. O objecto do presente trabalho de investigação é a comunicação de marketing na formação da imagem dos destinos turísticos particularizando o arquipélago de Cabo Verde. O principal objectivo da pesquisa, é analisar a eficácia da comunicação de marketing de três organizações (Cabo Verde – Investimentos, União Nacional dos Operadores Turísticos e operador Soltropico), na promoção do arquipélago de Cabo Verde, enquanto destino turístico, no mercado português. Para a realização deste estudo empírico, foram definidas três hipóteses. Essas hipóteses foram testadas através do cruzamento da informação proveniente de uma entrevista realizada aos directores de marketing de cada uma das três organizações, com os dados obtidos a partir da análise de conteúdo dos instrumentos de comunicação que têm vindo a ser utilizados pelas respectivas entidades para promover o destino e com as respostas de um conjunto de 115 turistas portugueses, a um questionário cujo assunto se encontra relacionado com os principais atributos de Cabo Verde enquanto destino de férias. A investigação realizada permitiu verificar que, de uma forma geral, existe uma sintonia entre os atributos de Cabo Verde que as organizações têm intenção de divulgar, os atributos deste destino que são transmitidos pelos seus instrumentos comunicação e os principais atributos do arquipélago indicados pelos turistas portugueses. Contudo, os resultados do estudo revelam também a necessidade de se introduzir algumas correcções a nível de conteúdos e imagens que se encontram presentes nos instrumentos de comunicação de algumas das organizações, visando a criação de uma imagem mais atractiva deste destino.

Health problems of nursing workers in a public educational institution

Objective: To identify the issues occurred with nursing workers through a Health Monitoring System for Nursing Workers (SIMOSTE) and to describe the consequences of those problems. Method: This is a quantitative, exploratory and descriptive study realized in a teaching hospital in the west region of the city of São Paulo. Results: From the SIMOSTE, 1.847 occurrences were registered in a six month period. Within the main occurrences, medical licenses, work related accidents with and without removals; psychiatric consultations and psychotherapy were highlighted. Conclusion: The data points out to the need for the development of new health vigilance actions to notify accidents and illness related to work, besides the prevention of issues. 


Educational technologies designed to promote cardiovascular health in adults: integrative review

Objective Investigating the educational technologies developed for promoting cardiovascular health in adults. Method Integrative review carried out in the databases of PubMed, SciELO and LILACS, with 15 articles selected. Results Over half (60%) of the studies were randomized clinical trials. The developed educational technologies were programs involving three strategies, with duration of one year, use of playful technologies with storytelling, computer programs or software for smartphones, and electronic brochure. These technologies resulted in reduction of blood pressure, weight, waist circumference, decreased hospitalizations and increased years of life. Conclusion The studies with better impact on the cardiovascular health of adults were those who brought the technology in the form of program and duration of one year.

Development and validating an educational booklet for childbirth companions

Objective The article describes the steps in producing and validating an educational booklet for childbirth companions. Method Methodological study conducted in 2011 consisting of the following steps: situational assessment; establishing brochure content; content selection and referencing; drafting the text; design of illustrations; layout; consultation of specialists; consultation of target audience; amendments; proofreading; evaluation using the Flesch Reading Ease Formula. The topics portrayed the sequence of events involving support from gestation to the postpartum period. Results The concordance rate among companions was greater than or equal to 81.8% for the topics organisation, writing style, presentation and motives. The overall Content Validity Index of the booklet was 0.94. The booklet was classified as easy reading or very easy reading according to the results of the Flesch Reading Ease Formula. Conclusion The presentation and content of the manual were validated for use with the target audience by the specialists and representatives of the target audience.

In the context of a daycare center: nursing and their representations of child care as an educational act

This study aimed to analyze the social representations in the professionals of technical staff, who work with children at USP daycare centers. Eight professionals of the nursing field underwent a semi-structured interview. The interviews were recorded and transcribed in their entirety and the content of the discourse was subjected to thematic-categorical analysis. The categories were transformed into variables and processed by the software Classification Hiérarchique Classificatoire et Cohésitive (CHIC®) and analyzed by the hierarchical similarity tree. The results indicate that actions to promote health are reported as educational and transformative, in which health care gains new meaning through contextualized conceptions in the field of child education. We conclude that professionals attribute new meanings to their practices in the health care environment of daycare centers as their representations shifts from the logic of the biomedical field to a logic of educational care. In this sense, they perceive themselves as being challenged to establish an interaction with the children in terms of their activities related to the promotion of health and in an educational act.

Evaluation of digital educational studenttechnology interaction in neonatal nursing

OBJECTIVE To assess the digital educational technology interface Caring for the sensory environment in the neonatal unit: noise, lighting and handling based on ergonomic criteria. METHODS Descriptive study, in which we used the guidelines and ergonomic criteria established by ISO 9241-11 and an online Likert scale instrument to identify problems and interface qualities. The instrument was built based on Ergolist, which follows the criteria of ISO 9141-11. There were 58 undergraduate study participants from the School of Nursing of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, who attended the classes about neonatal nursing content. RESULTS All items were positively evaluated by more than 70% of the sample. CONCLUSION Educational technology is appropriate according to the ergonomic criteria and can be made available for teaching nursing students.