Melhoria da Atenção à Saúde da Criança de Zero a 72 Meses na UBS Dr. Otávio Dárcio Ferreira, Santo Ângelo/RS

O atendimento à saúde da criança é muito importante para o seu desenvolvimento já que garante a todos os recém-nascidos, lactantes e crianças, boas práticas de atenção, embasadas no seguimento do crescimento e desenvolvimento adequados, desde o nascimento até os 72 meses de vida. Mesmo com significativa redução da mortalidade infantil no Brasil nos últimos anos, ainda é necessário garantir atenção à saúde para todas as crianças brasileiras. Uma vez que, toda criança, sem exceção, tem o direito à vida e à saúde. O presente trabalho é um trabalho de intervenção surgido a partir da necessidade de qualificação da atenção à saúde da criança em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) do município de Santo Ângelo/RS. Assim, o objetivo geral deste trabalho foi melhorar a saúde de crianças de zero a 72 meses na UBS/ESF Dr. Otávio Dárcio Ferreira, Santo Ângelo/RS. A intervenção visou, também, refletir a atuação da equipe frente à demanda, na busca de aprender a trabalhar com ações programáticas, incluindo permanente educação aos profissionais assim como informações à comunidade. O projeto teve como objetivos específicos ampliar a cobertura da atenção à saúde das crianças entre zero e setenta e dois meses, melhorar a adesão ao programa, melhorar a qualidade do atendimento à saúde da criança, melhorar os registros das informações, mapear as crianças de risco e realizar atividades de promoção e prevenção em saúde. A intervenção foi desenvolvida em 12 semanas com minha presença na unidade de saúde e mais 1 semana pela equipe durante minhas férias. Ou seja, desenvolveu-se no período de fevereiro a junho de 2015. Participaram da intervenção as crianças de 0 a 72 meses de nossa unidade de saúde. Desenvolvemos ações nos 4 eixos temáticos do curso: monitoramento e avaliação, organização e gestão do serviço, engajamento público e qualificação da prática clínica. Com a implementação da intervenção, foram cadastradas e acompanhadas 168 crianças, atingindo cobertura de 48%. Ressalta-se que, anterior a intervenção, somente 5 crianças eram acompanhadas na unidade de saúde. O projeto contou, ainda, com a qualificação da equipe. Abordaram-se temas como puericultura, cuidados na primeira semana de vida do bebê, a vacinação, os testes do pezinho e triagem auditiva, o aleitamento materno e os indicadores de saúde. Assim, com a intervenção ampliou-se a cobertura da atenção às crianças evidenciando-se aumento de cobertura, se alcançou a melhoria dos registros e da cobertura vacinal, aumento significativo das consultas nos primeiros 7 dias de vida e o projeto propiciou o aumento da adesão ao programa de suplementação de ferro. Neste momento, nosso maior desafio e desejo é prosseguir com esta e outras ações programáticas para assim melhorar a qualidade de vida de nossa população.

Melhoria na Detecção e Prevenção do Câncer de Colo de Útero e de Mama na UBS Dr. Otávio Dárcio Ferreira, Santo Ângelo/RS

SAN EMETERIO RAMON, Aliannes. Melhoria na detecção e prevenção do câncer de colo de útero e de mama na UBS Dr. Otávio Dárcio Ferreira, Santo Ângelo/ RS. 2015. 77f. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Curso de Especialização em Saúde da Família) - Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, 2015. Elevados índices de incidência e mortalidade por câncer do colo do útero e da mama são identificados em todo o mundo e no Brasil, porém as estratégias de controle que desenvolvem ações de promoção e prevenção à saúde, detecção precoce, tratamento e de cuidados paliativos são fundamentais na atenção integral e qualificada no controle do câncer de colo de útero e mama. Para garantir o controle destas doenças os gestores e profissionais de saúde devem desenvolver ações que possibilitam a integralidade do cuidado, aliando as ações de detecção precoce com a garantia de acesso a procedimentos diagnósticos e terapêuticos em tempo oportuno e com qualidade. O projeto da intervenção teve como base o Caderno de Atenção Básica do Ministério da Saúde Nº 13 (Controle dos cânceres de colo de útero e de mama). Foi planejado para transcorrer em 16 semanas, logo reajustado para 12, com a finalidade de melhorar a atenção da saúde da mulher na comunidade Dr. Otávio Dárcio Ferreira do município Santo Ângelo, RS, através de um controle mais qualificado em relação ao câncer de colo de útero e mama na população. Teve como objetivos: ampliar a cobertura de detecção precoce, mapear as mulheres de risco, melhorar qualidade dos atendimentos e registros das informações e garantir adesão à realização de exames de rastreamento. Para isso foram estabelecidas ações dentro de quatro eixos pedagógicos: avaliação e monitoramento das ações, organização e gestão do serviço, engajamento público e qualificação da prática clínica. As ações permitiram alcançar coberturas de qualidade ,100% de exames coletados com amostras satisfatórias, organização e manutenção de todos os registros com qualidade e avaliação adequada na pesquisa de sinais de alerta em nossas usuárias as quais foram orientadas em quanto a fatores de risco e DST. A equipe de trabalho ganhou em responsabilidade e comprometimento no trabalho integrado desenvolvendo funções de cuidado, planejamento, e intervenção que conquistaram a satisfação da comunidade que sempre acatou as orientações com disciplina e interesse avaliando a importância do cuidado a saúde. As ações que facilitaram alcançar esses indicadores servirão de guia inspiradora na manutenção do processo de controle para garantir a melhoria da atenção a mulher. Palavras-chave: Atenção Primária à Saúde; Saúde da Família; Saúde da Mulher; Programas de Rastreamento; Neoplasias do colo do útero; Neoplasias da Mama.

Proposta de cuidados às adolescentes gestantes da equipe Saúde da Família Chica Ferreira, Uberaba - MG

A área de abrangência da equipe de saúde da família Chica Ferreira do município de Uberaba/MG sofre uma transição demográfica. Houve migração de pessoas de outras regiões do Brasil, em especial Norte e Nordeste e foram construídos novos conjuntos habitacionais populares neste território. Entretanto, continua a se caracterizar como uma área de vulnerabilidades sociais por apresentar situações de pobreza, baixa escolaridade e poucas oportunidades de emprego. Uma das consequências dessas inter-relações é o aumento no número de gestantes, em especial as gestantes adolescentes. Frente a essa realidade, o presente estudo objetiva descrever estratégias para abordagem das gestantes adolescentes na equipe Saúde da Família Chica Ferreira. Para tanto, o delineamento das propostas apoia-se no arcabouço conceitual do Planejamento Estratégico Situacional em saúde, a situação problematizada é aquela definida como uma situação passível de transformação. Além do mais, uma revisão da literatura contemporânea foi realizada para definição de conceitos e identificar potenciais iniciativas para o melhoramento das práticas de cuidado em saúde a esse grupo. As propostas de intervenção contemplam ações intersetoriais para inserção dos adolescentes em cursos profissionalizantes, atividades de lazer e cultura; ampliar o acesso a informações de qualidade sobre práticas sexuais seguras e planejamento familiar; melhorar o processo de trabalho da equipe de saúde na abordagem desse tema. À equipe de saúde os desafios são múltiplos, espera-se que a proposta de intervenção possa apoiar o desenvolvimento de projetos de vida mais propositivos entre as adolescentes gestantes

Proposta de intervenção para gravidez precoce no território do Programa Saúde da Família Salu Alves Ferreira do município de Monte Carmelo - Minas Gerais

A equipe da unidade básica de saúde Salu Alves Ferreira, que está localizada no município de Monte Carmelo, observou no período de janeiro a setembro de 2015, que cerca de dois terços das gestantes atendidas estavam classificadas como precoces. A atenção em saúde sexual e em saúde reprodutiva é uma das áreas de atuação prioritária da Atenção Básica à Saúde. Este trabalho tem como objetivo propor estratégias para enfrentamento da gestação precoce na população de faixa etária de 14 a 19 anos residente na área de abrangência da Unidade Básica de Saúde Salu Alves Ferreira, no município de Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais. Para contribuir na elaboração do projeto de intervenção foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica nos bancos de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde para levantar as evidências já existentes sobre o tema. O projeto proposto foi elaborado seguindo dos passos do planejamento estratégico situacional. Nesse aspecto, o presente trabalho abordou formas de intervenção para o enfrentamento da gravidez na adolescência, que incluem: educação sexual por meio de parceria com a escola local; planejamento familiar; conscientização sobre o exame de pré-natal; e de forma geral buscar a melhoria e ampliação dos programas já existentes. A partir dessa intervenção busca-se conscientizar os adolescentes sobre a gravidez indesejada e minimizar os riscos da gravidez precoce

Hemorrhagic Shock Secondary To Button Battery Ingestion.

Button battery ingestion is a frequent pediatric complaint. The serious complications resulting from accidental ingestion have increased significantly over the last two decades due to easy access to gadgets and electronic toys. Over recent years, the increasing use of lithium batteries of diameter 20 mm has brought new challenges, because these are more detrimental to the mucosa, compared with other types, with high morbidity and mortality. The clinical complaints, which are often nonspecific, may lead to delayed diagnosis, thereby increasing the risk of severe complications. A five-year-old boy who had been complaining of abdominal pain for ten days, was brought to the emergency service with a clinical condition of hematemesis that started two hours earlier. On admission, he presented pallor, tachycardia and hypotension. A plain abdominal x-ray produced an image suggestive of a button battery. Digestive endoscopy showed a deep ulcerated lesion in the esophagus without active bleeding. After this procedure, the patient presented profuse hematemesis and severe hypotension, followed by cardiorespiratory arrest, which was reversed. He then underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy and presented a new episode of cardiorespiratory arrest, which he did not survive. The battery was removed through rectal exploration. This case describes a fatal evolution of button battery ingestion with late diagnosis and severe associated injury of the digestive mucosa. A high level of clinical suspicion is essential for preventing this evolution. Preventive strategies are required, as well as health education, with warnings to parents, caregivers and healthcare professionals.

Pipkiiα Is Widely Expressed In Hematopoietic-derived Cells And May Play A Role In The Expression Of Alpha- And Gamma-globins In K562 Cells.

Characterized for the first time in erythrocytes, phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases (PIP kinases) belong to a family of enzymes that generate various lipid messengers and participate in several cellular processes, including gene expression regulation. Recently, the PIPKIIα gene was found to be differentially expressed in reticulocytes from two siblings with hemoglobin H disease, suggesting a possible relationship between PIPKIIα and the production of globins. Here, we investigated PIPKIIα gene and protein expression and protein localization in hematopoietic-derived cells during their differentiation, and the effects of PIPKIIα silencing on K562 cells. PIPKIIα silencing resulted in an increase in α and γ globins and a decrease in the proliferation of K562 cells without affecting cell cycle progression and apoptosis. In conclusion, using a cell line model, we showed that PIPKIIα is widely expressed in hematopoietic-derived cells, is localized in their cytoplasm and nucleus, and is upregulated during erythroid differentiation. We also showed that PIPKIIα silencing can induce α and γ globin expression and decrease cell proliferation in K562 cells.

An Isoflavone From Dipteryx Alata Vogel Is Active Against The In Vitro Neuromuscular Paralysis Of Bothrops Jararacussu Snake Venom And Bothropstoxin I, And Prevents Venom-induced Myonecrosis.

Snakebite is a neglected disease and serious health problem in Brazil, with most bites being caused by snakes of the genus Bothrops. Although serum therapy is the primary treatment for systemic envenomation, it is generally ineffective in neutralizing the local effects of these venoms. In this work, we examined the ability of 7,8,3'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone (TM), an isoflavone from Dipteryx alata, to neutralize the neurotoxicity (in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations) and myotoxicity (assessed by light microscopy) of Bothrops jararacussu snake venom in vitro. The toxicity of TM was assessed using the Salmonella microsome assay (Ames test). Incubation with TM alone (200 μg/mL) did not alter the muscle twitch tension whereas incubation with venom (40 μg/mL) caused irreversible paralysis. Preincubation of TM (200 μg/mL) with venom attenuated the venom-induced neuromuscular blockade by 84% ± 5% (mean ± SEM; n = 4). The neuromuscular blockade caused by bothropstoxin-I (BthTX-I), the major myotoxic PLA2 of this venom, was also attenuated by TM. Histological analysis of diaphragm muscle incubated with TM showed that most fibers were preserved (only 9.2% ± 1.7% were damaged; n = 4) compared to venom alone (50.3% ± 5.4% of fibers damaged; n = 3), and preincubation of TM with venom significantly attenuated the venom-induced damage (only 17% ± 3.4% of fibers damaged; n = 3; p < 0.05 compared to venom alone). TM showed no mutagenicity in the Ames test using Salmonella strains TA98 and TA97a with (+S9) and without (-S9) metabolic activation. These findings indicate that TM is a potentially useful compound for antagonizing the neuromuscular effects (neurotoxicity and myotoxicity) of B. jararacussu venom.

The Value Of The 2005 International Society Of Urological Pathology (isup) Modified Gleason Grading System As A Predictor Of Biochemical Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy.

To compare time and risk to biochemical recurrence (BR) after radical prostatectomy of two chronologically different groups of patients using the standard and the modified Gleason system (MGS). Cohort 1 comprised biopsies of 197 patients graded according to the standard Gleason system (SGS) in the period 1997/2004, and cohort 2, 176 biopsies graded according to the modified system in the period 2005/2011. Time to BR was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier product-limit analysis and prediction of shorter time to recurrence using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Patients in cohort 2 reflected time-related changes: striking increase in clinical stage T1c, systematic use of extended biopsies, and lower percentage of total length of cancer in millimeter in all cores. The MGS used in cohort 2 showed fewer biopsies with Gleason score ≤ 6 and more biopsies of the intermediate Gleason score 7. Time to BR using the Kaplan-Meier curves showed statistical significance using the MGS in cohort 2, but not the SGS in cohort 1. Only the MGS predicted shorter time to BR on univariate analysis and on multivariate analysis was an independent predictor. The results favor that the 2005 International Society of Urological Pathology modified system is a refinement of the Gleason grading and valuable for contemporary clinical practice.

Molecular And Biochemical Characterization Of Caffeine Synthase And Purine Alkaloid Concentration In Guarana Fruit.

Guarana seeds have the highest caffeine concentration among plants accumulating purine alkaloids, but in contrast with coffee and tea, practically nothing is known about caffeine metabolism in this Amazonian plant. In this study, the levels of purine alkaloids in tissues of five guarana cultivars were determined. Theobromine was the main alkaloid that accumulated in leaves, stems, inflorescences and pericarps of fruit, while caffeine accumulated in the seeds and reached levels from 3.3% to 5.8%. In all tissues analysed, the alkaloid concentration, whether theobromine or caffeine, was higher in young/immature tissues, then decreasing with plant development/maturation. Caffeine synthase activity was highest in seeds of immature fruit. A nucleotide sequence (PcCS) was assembled with sequences retrieved from the EST database REALGENE using sequences of caffeine synthase from coffee and tea, whose expression was also highest in seeds from immature fruit. The PcCS has 1083bp and the protein sequence has greater similarity and identity with the caffeine synthase from cocoa (BTS1) and tea (TCS1). A recombinant PcCS allowed functional characterization of the enzyme as a bifunctional CS, able to catalyse the methylation of 7-methylxanthine to theobromine (3,7-dimethylxanthine), and theobromine to caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine), respectively. Among several substrates tested, PcCS showed higher affinity for theobromine, differing from all other caffeine synthases described so far, which have higher affinity for paraxanthine. When compared to previous knowledge on the protein structure of coffee caffeine synthase, the unique substrate affinity of PcCS is probably explained by the amino acid residues found in the active site of the predicted protein.

Silk Fibroin And Sodium Alginate Blend: Miscibility And Physical Characteristics.

Films of silk fibroin (SF) and sodium alginate (SA) blends were prepared by solution casting technique. The miscibility of SF and SA in those blends was evaluated and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that SF/SA 25/75 wt.% blends underwent microscopic phase separation, resulting in globular structures composed mainly of SF. X-ray diffraction indicated the amorphous nature of these blends, even after a treatment with ethanol that turned them insoluble in water. Thermal analyses of blends showed the peaks of degradation of pristine SF and SA shifted to intermediate temperatures. Water vapor permeability, swelling capacity and tensile strength of SF films could be enhanced by blending with SA. Cell viability remained between 90 and 100%, as indicated by in vitro cytotoxicity test. The SF/SA blend with self-assembled SF globules can be used to modulate structural and mechanical properties of the final material and may be used in designing high performance wound dressing.

Carbon Nanoparticles For Gene Transfection In Eukaryotic Cell Lines.

For the first time, oxygen terminated cellulose carbon nanoparticles (CCN) was synthesised and applied in gene transfection of pIRES plasmid. The CCN was prepared from catalytic of polyaniline by chemical vapour deposition techniques. This plasmid contains one gene that encodes the green fluorescent protein (GFP) in eukaryotic cells, making them fluorescent. This new nanomaterial and pIRES plasmid formed π-stacking when dispersed in water by magnetic stirring. The frequencies shift in zeta potential confirmed the plasmid strongly connects to the nanomaterial. In vitro tests found that this conjugation was phagocytised by NG97, NIH-3T3 and A549 cell lines making them fluorescent, which was visualised by fluorescent microscopy. Before the transfection test, we studied CCN in cell viability. Both MTT and Neutral Red uptake tests were carried out using NG97, NIH-3T3 and A549 cell lines. Further, we use metabolomics to verify if small amounts of nanomaterial would be enough to cause some cellular damage in NG97 cells. We showed two mechanisms of action by CCN-DNA complex, producing an exogenous protein by the transfected cell and metabolomic changes that contributed by better understanding of glioblastoma, being the major finding of this work. Our results suggested that this nanomaterial has great potential as a gene carrier agent in non-viral based therapy, with low cytotoxicity, good transfection efficiency, and low cell damage in small amounts of nanomaterials in metabolomic tests.

Antioxidant And Antiproliferative Activities Of Methanolic Extract From A Neglected Agricultural Product: Corn Cobs.

Neglected agricultural products (NAPs) are defined as discarded material in agricultural production. Corn cobs are a major waste of agriculture maize. Here, a methanolic extract from corn cobs (MEC) was obtained. MEC contains phenolic compounds, protein, carbohydrates (1.4:0.001:0.001). We evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential of MEC. Furthermore, its antiproliferative property against tumor cells was assessed through MTT assays and proteins related to apoptosis in tumor cells were examined by western blot. MEC showed no hydroxyl radical scavenger capacity, but it showed antioxidant activity in Total Antioxidant Capacity and DPPH scavenger ability assays. MEC showed higher Reducing Power than ascorbic acid and exhibited high Superoxide Scavenging activity. In tumor cell culture, MEC increased catalase, metallothionein and superoxide dismutase expression in accordance with the antioxidant tests. In vivo antioxidant test, MEC restored SOD and CAT, decreased malondialdehyde activities and showed high Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity in animals treated with CCl4. Furthermore, MEC decreased HeLa cells viability by apoptosis due an increase of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, caspase 3 active. Protein kinase C expression increased was also detected in treated tumor cells. Thus, our findings pointed out the biotechnological potential of corn cobs as a source of molecules with pharmacological activity.

Blockade Of Renin-angiotensin System Prevents Micturition Dysfunction In Renovascular Hypertensive Rats.

Association between hypertension and bladder symptoms has been described. We hypothesized that micturition dysfunction may be associated with renin-angiotensin system (RAS) acting in urethra. The effects of the anti-hypertensive drugs losartan (AT1 antagonist) and captopril (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor) in comparison with atenolol (β1-adrenoceptor antagonist independently of RAS blockade) have been investigated in bladder and urethral dysfunctions during renovascular hypertension in rats. Two kidney-1 clip (2K-1C) rats were treated with losartan (30 mg/kg/day), captopril (50mg/kg/day) or atenolol (90 mg/kg/day) for eight weeks. Cystometric study, bladder and urethra smooth muscle reactivities, measurement of cAMP levels and p38 MAPK phosphorylation in urinary tract were determined. Losartan and captopril markedly reduced blood pressure in 2K-1C rats. The increases in non-voiding contractions, voiding frequency and bladder capacity in 2K-1C rats were prevented by treatments with both drugs. Likewise, losartan and captopril prevented the enhanced bladder contractions to electrical-field stimulation (EFS) and carbachol, along with the impaired relaxations to β-adrenergic-cAMP stimulation. Enhanced neurogenic contractions and impaired nitrergic relaxations were observed in urethra from 2K-1C rats. Angiotensin II also produced greater urethral contractions that were accompanied by higher phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in urethral tissues of 2K-1C rats. Losartan and captopril normalized the urethral dysfunctions in 2K-1C rats. In contrast, atenolol treatment largely reduced the blood pressure in 2K-1C rats but failed to affect the urinary tract smooth muscle dysfunction. The urinary tract smooth muscle dysfunction in 2K-1C rats takes place by local RAS activation irrespective of levels of arterial blood pressure.

Comparison Of The Solution Of Histidine-tryptophan-alfacetoglutarate With Histidine-tryptophan-glutamate As Cardioplegic Agents In Isolated Rat Hearts: An Immunohistochemical Study.

Cardiac arrest during heart surgery is a common procedure and allows the surgeon to perform surgical procedures in an environment free of blood and movement. Using a model of isolated rat heart, the authors compare a new cardioplegic solution containing histidine-tryptophan-glutamate (group 2) with the histidine-tryptophan-alphacetoglutarate (group 1) routinely used by some cardiac surgeons. To assess caspase, IL-8 and KI-67 in isolated rat hearts using immunohistochemistry. 20 Wistar male rats were anesthetized and heparinized. The chest was opened, cardioctomy was performed and 40 ml/kg of the appropriate cardioplegic solution was infused. The hearts were kept for 2 hours at 4ºC in the same solution, and thereafter, placed in the Langendorff apparatus for 30 minutes with Ringer-Locke solution. Immunohistochemistry analysis of caspase, IL-8, and KI-67 were performed. The concentration of caspase was lower in group 2 and Ki-67 was higher in group 2, both P<0.05. There was no statistical difference between the values of IL-8 between the groups. Histidine-tryptophan-glutamate solution was better than histidine-tryptophan-alphacetoglutarate solution because it reduced caspase (apoptosis), increased KI-67 (cell proliferation), and showed no difference in IL-8 levels compared to group 1. This suggests that the histidine-tryptophan-glutamate solution was more efficient than the histidine-tryptophan-alphacetoglutarate for the preservation of hearts of rat cardiomyocytes.

Nat2, Xrcc1 And Hogg1 Polymorphisms, Cigarette Smoking, Alcohol Consumption And Risk Of Upper Aerodigestive Tract Cancer.

To evaluate associations between polymorphisms of the N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), human 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) and X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1) genes and risk of upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer. A case-control study involving 117 cases and 224 controls was undertaken. The NAT2 gene polymorphisms were genotyped by automated sequencing and XRCC1 Arg399Gln and hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphisms were determined by Polymerase Chain Reaction followed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. Slow metabolization phenotype was significantly associated as a risk factor for the development of UADT cancer (p=0.038). Furthermore, haplotype of slow metabolization was also associated with UADT cancer (p=0.014). The hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism (CG or GG vs. CC genotypes) was shown as a protective factor against UADT cancer in moderate smokers (p=0.031). The XRCC1 Arg399Gln polymorphism (GA or AA vs. GG genotypes), in turn, was a protective factor against UADT cancer only among never-drinkers (p=0.048). Interactions involving NAT2, XRCC1 Arg399Gln and hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphisms may modulate the risk of UADT cancer in this population.