Estratégia de marketing e posicionamento competitivo

Em sua terceira edição, Estratégia de marketing e posicionamento competitivo está totalmente renovado. O livro agora enfatiza as mudanças no ambiente, com pesquisas recentes e análises do impacto da Internet na estratégia e na abordagem do marketing, mas continua a mostrar como criar e manter um desempenho superior e a abordar com autoridades as duas questões centrais na formulação da estratégia de marketing: identificação de mercados-alvo e criação de vantagem competitiva. Com estudos de casos ao final de cada capítulo e um site exclusivo com recursos adicionais, a obra é uma importante ferramenta para estudantes, além de leitura indispensável para os profissionais que querem se manter atualizados.

Single-cell ELISA and flow cytometry as methods for highlighting potential neuronal and astrocytic toxicant specificity

The timeline imposed by recent worldwide chemical legislation is not amenable to conventional in vivo toxicity testing, requiring the development of rapid, economical in vitro screening strategies which have acceptable predictive capacities. When acquiring regulatory neurotoxicity data, distinction on whether a toxic agent affects neurons and/or astrocytes is essential. This study evaluated neurofilament (NF) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) directed single-cell (S-C) ELISA and flow cytometry as methods for distinguishing cell-specific cytoskeletal responses, using the established human NT2 neuronal/astrocytic (NT2.N/A) co-culture model and a range of neurotoxic (acrylamide, atropine, caffeine, chloroquine, nicotine) and non-neurotoxic (chloramphenicol, rifampicin, verapamil) test chemicals. NF and GFAP directed flow cytometry was able to identify several of the test chemicals as being specifically neurotoxic (chloroquine, nicotine) or astrocytoxic (atropine, chloramphenicol) via quantification of cell death in the NT2.N/A model at cytotoxic concentrations using the resazurin cytotoxicity assay. Those neurotoxicants with low associated cytotoxicity are the most significant in terms of potential hazard to the human nervous system. The NF and GFAP directed S-C ELISA data predominantly demonstrated the known neurotoxicants only to affect the neuronal and/or astrocytic cytoskeleton in the NT2.N/A cell model at concentrations below those affecting cell viability. This report concluded that NF and GFAP directed S-C ELISA and flow cytometric methods may prove to be valuable additions to an in vitro screening strategy for differentiating cytotoxicity from specific neuronal and/or astrocytic toxicity. Further work using the NT2.N/A model and a broader array of toxicants is appropriate in order to confirm the applicability of these methods.

Measurement of HNE-protein adducts in human plasma and serum by ELISA-Comparison of two primary antibodies

There is increasing evidence that non-enzymatic post-translational protein modifications might play key roles in various diseases. These protein modifications can be caused by free radicals generated during oxidative stress or by their products generated during lipid peroxidation. 4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE), a major biomarker of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, has been recognized as important molecule in pathology as well as in physiology of living organisms. Therefore, its detection and quantification can be considered as valuable tool for evaluating various pathophysiological conditions.The HNE-protein adduct ELISA is a method to detect HNE bound to proteins, which is considered as the most likely form of HNE occurrence in living systems. Since the earlier described ELISA has been validated for cell lysates and the antibody used for detection of HNE-protein adducts is non-commercial, the aim of this work was to adapt the ELISA to a commercial antibody and to apply it in the analysis of human plasma samples.After modification and validation of the protocol for both antibodies, samples of two groups were analyzed: apparently healthy obese (n=62) and non-obese controls (n=15). Although the detected absolute values of HNE-protein adducts were different, depending on the antibody used, both ELISA methods showed significantly higher values of HNE-protein adducts in the obese group. © 2013 The Authors.

A rapid ELISA for the diagnosis of intravascular catheter related sepsis caused by coagulase negative staphylococci

Aim: To develop and evaluate a rapid enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of intravascular catheter related sepsis caused by coagulase negative staphylococci. Methods: Forty patients with a clinical and microbiological diagnosis of intravascular catheter related sepsis and positive blood cultures, caused by coagulase negative staphylococci, and 40 control patients requiring a central venous catheter as part of their clinical management were recruited into the study. Serum IgG responses to a previously undetected exocellular antigen produced by coagulase negative staphylococci, termed lipid S, were determined in the patient groups by a rapid ELISA. Results: There was a significant difference (p = < 0.0001) in serum IgG to lipid S between patients with catheter related sepsis and controls. The mean antibody titre in patients with sepsis caused by coagulase negative staphylococci was 10 429 (range, no detectable serum IgG antibody to 99 939), whereas serum IgG was not detected in the control group of patients. Conclusions: The rapid ELISA offers a simple, economical, and rapid diagnostic test for suspected intravascular catheter related sepsis caused by coagulase negative staphylococci, which can be difficult to diagnose clinically. This may facilitate treatment with appropriate antimicrobials and may help prevent the unnecessary removal of intravascular catheters.

Détection du virus de l'anémie aviaire par réaction de polymérisation en chaîne (pcr) couplée à un test Elisa

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Détection du virus de l'anémie aviaire par réaction de polymérisation en chaîne (pcr) couplée à un test Elisa

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Il Pricing come fattore competitivo nel mercato dei beni durevoli

L'elaborato tratta delle dinamiche del pricing, analizzando nello specifico al contrapposizione fra Prezzo e Valore per il Cliente, entrando nello specifico delle metodologie per la determinazione degli stessi per poi introdurre alcune delle più comuni politiche di prezzo attuate dalle aziende. Si descrive dunque il mercato degli elettrodomestici bianchi, evidenziando come il Prezzo sia una variabile determinante in questo mercato ormai in fase di saturazione. Infine si fa un analisi di "The Business Game" analizzando la condotta del team irajoya e come il Prezzo sia stato essenziale per il successo della squadra nel mercato simulato.

Sofásmarket: como sobreviver num mercado competitivo

O presente trabalho descreve as estratégias utilizadas por uma microempresa para se estabelecer num mercado que se encontrava fragilizado e bastante competitivo na área comercial. O sector do mobiliário ainda se encontra em recuperação da crise económica que o país viveu e as empresas procuram soluções para ultrapassar as dificuldades e evoluir internamente. A internacionalização é uma das soluções apontadas numa série de estratégias que visam melhorar e reciclar o conceito de mercado exigente e inovador não só a nível tecnológico como na criação de um cluster da área que permite uma melhor gestão das empresas. A SofásMarket evoluiu por procurar um conceito que abrangesse todo o país e utilizando estratégias simples mas com resultados rápidos.

Ser empreendedor com base em processo de inovação competitivo

Mestrado em Gestão e Emprendedorismo

A noise simulator for eLISA: Migrating LISA Pathfinder knowledge to the eLISA mission

We present a new technical simulator for the eLISA mission, based on state space modeling techniques and developed in MATLAB. This simulator computes the coordinate and velocity over time of each body involved in the constellation, i.e. the spacecraft and its test masses, taking into account the different disturbances and actuations. This allows studying the contribution of instrumental noises and system imperfections on the residual acceleration applied on the TMs, the latter reflecting the performance of the achieved free-fall along the sensitive axis. A preliminary version of the results is presented.

A survey on prevalence rate of aflatoxigenic species of Aspergillus and residues of aflatoxins by ELISA method in cold-water cultural fish (rainbow trout) feeds in Tehran and West Azarbayjan provinces-Iran

Aflatoxins are one kind of fungal toxins produced by species of toxigenic Aspergillus (A. flavus and A. parasiticus) and in other words they are secondary metabolites which are considered as one of the threatening factors of food consumer's health. In this research 96 samples of cold-water cultural fish feed, rainbow trout, during the seasons of spring and summer of 2007 (every fifteenth of the month) were randomized (by simple and stratified random) to determine: 1. The prevalence rate of aflatoxigenic species of Aspergillus in stored feed of cold-water cultural fish in West Azarbayjan cultural fish farms in both seasons (spring and summer); 2. The residues of total aflatoxin in stored feed of fish in cultural fish farms of West Azarbayjan in both seasons by ELISA method; and 3. The residues of that toxin in feed produced in aquatic feed factories in Tehran and West Azarbyjan provinces with the same method. In order to study prevalence rate of toxigenic species of Aspergillus, pour-plate culture method by general medium such as Malt Extract Agar (M.E.A.) and Sabouraud-Dextrose Agar (S.D.A.) and by standard No.997 of Iranian Standard Institute were used. The produced colonies were examined microscopically. To determine the aflatoxins residues, ELISA method using Agra-Quant kit of Romer Lab company, were applied. The results of this survey indicated that only 8.3% of the samples were infected by A. flavus. A. parasiticus was not observed. There were no significant differences between the prevalence rate of AFT and seasons/months, either (P<0.05). Evaluating mean of aflatoxin rate showed that the rates of this variable are lower than the tolerance levels designated by the joint FAO/WHO expert committee (The mean of AFT in all data was lower than 11 ppb). Furthermore, mean of total AFT residues rates of stored feed of various cultural center of West Azarbayjan and Tehran factories were comparable in spring and summer, and no significant differences were observed (P<0.05). But there were significant differences between the total aflatoxin rates in the feed of West Azarbayjan factory and spring and summer (P<0.05), and AFT residues in spring (8.6 ppb) were higher than summer (6.1 ppb). Prevalence rates of AFT in Tehran feed factories (9.2 ppb) are higher than W. Azarbayjan (7.4 ppb). In other words, location was considered as a decisive factor in total AFT rates of samples. Moreover, the results indicated that there was significant difference between total aflatoxin rates of feed and cultural centers (P<0.05). The mean of AFT rates in embankment dam cultural fish farms (6.75 ppb) and multi-functions cultural fish farms (6.25 ppb) was higher than individual cultural pond (4.67 ppb). In conclusion, the finally results of this survey indicated that the lower rates of Aspergillus is not effective on the presence of total aflatoxin rates in trout feed. Due to low levels of aflatoxin rates (lower than 20 ppb), the produced feed of cold-cultural fishes, Rainbow Trout, in Tehran and West Azarbayjan provinces, in spring and summer of 2007, were safe and healthy both for fish and their consumers.

Altruismo competitivo y voluntariado

En las próximas líneas se pretende analizar la predisposición a la participación en actividades prosociales de forma global, tanto las consideradas como voluntariado como las no planificadas, desde los mecanismos psicoscoiales y evolutivos del altruismo desinteresado.

Diagnóstico de paratuberculosis bovina en vacas lecheras del cantón Mejía utilizando un ELISA indirecto

La Paratuberculosis Bovina (PTB) o enfermedad de Johne es una enfermedad infecciosa de curso crónico que afecta a rumiantes domésticos y salvajes. Su principal sintomatología clínica es la pérdida progresiva de peso y la presencia de diarrea crónica que produce desmejoramiento y finalmente la muerte del animal. El agente causal es una bacteria perteneciente al Orden Actinomicetales, Familia Mycobacteriaceae denominada Mycobacterium avium subespecie paratuberculosis (Map), del cual se conocen tres subgrupos diferentes de cepas y solo uno de estos ocasiona la enfermedad en el ganado bovino. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la seroprevalencia de paratuberculosis bovina en varios predios de producción lechera ubicados diferentes parroquias del cantón Mejía utilizando como método de diagnóstico una prueba ELISA indirecta.