969 resultados para Doris Salcedo


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Background: Periodontal disease during pregnancy has been recognized as one of the causes of preterm and lowbirth- weight (PLBW) babies. Several studies have demonstrated that PLBW babies are prone to developing insulin resistance as adults. Although there is controversy over the association between periodontal disease and PLBW, the phenomenon known as programming can translate any stimulus or aggression experienced during intrauterine growth into physiologic and metabolic alterations in adulthood. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether the offspring of rats with periodontal disease develop insulin resistance in adulthood. Methods: Ten female Wistar rats were divided into periodontal disease (PED) and control (CN) groups. All rats were mated at 7 days after induction of periodontal disease. Male offspring were divided into two groups: 1) periodontal disease offspring (PEDO; n = 24); and 2) control offspring (CNO; n = 24). Offspring body weight was measured from birth until 75 days. When the offspring reached 75 days old, the following parameters were measured: 1) plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, fructosamine, lipase, amylase, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); 2) insulin sensitivity (IS); and 3) insulin signal transduction (IST) in insulin-sensitive tissues. Results: Low birth weight was not detected in the PEDO group. However, plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, fructosamine, lipase, amylase, and TNF-α were increased and IS and IST were reduced (P <0.05) in the PEDO group compared with the CNO group. Conclusion: Maternal periodontal disease may induce insulin resistance and reduce IST in adult offspring, but such alterations are not attributable to low birth weight.

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Introduction: Inflammatory cytokines are associated with decreased insulin signal transduction. Moreover, local oral inflammation, such as that accompanying periodontal disease, is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of periapical lesions (PLs) on insulin signaling and insulin sensitivity in rats. We hypothesized that PLs alter systemic insulin signaling and insulin sensitivity via elevated plasmatic tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). Methods: Wistar rats were divided into control (CN) and PL groups. PLs were induced by exposing pulpal tissue to the oral environment. After 30 days, insulin sensitivity was measured using the insulin tolerance test. After euthanization, maxillae were processed for histopathology. Plasmatic concentrations of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were determined via the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Insulin signal transduction was evaluated using insulin receptor substrate tyrosine phosphorylation status and serine phosphorylation status in periepididymal white adipose tissue via Western blotting. For insulin signaling and insulin tolerance tests, the analyses performed were analysis of variance followed by the Tukey post hoc test. For TNF-α analysis, the Student's t test was used. In all tests, P <.05 was considered significant. Results: The rats with PLs showed higher plasmatic TNF-α, lower constant rate for glucose disappearance values, and reduced pp185 tyrosine phosphorylation status but no change in serine phosphorylation status in white adipose tissue after insulin stimulation. Conclusions: PLs can cause alterations to both insulin signaling and insulin sensitivity, probably because of elevation of plasmatic TNF-α. The results from this study emphasize the importance of the prevention of local inflammatory diseases, such as PLs, with regard to the prevention of insulin resistance. Copyright © 2013 American Association of Endodontists.

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Abstract. Background: The use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) among the elderly is a serious public health problem because it is intrinsically linked to increased morbidity and mortality, causing high costs to public health systems. This study's objective was to verify the prevalence of and the factors associated with the use of PIMs by elderly Brazilians in institutional settings. Methods. We performed a transversal study, by consulting the case files of elderly people living in Long Term Care for the Elderly (LTC) in towns in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, as well as structured interviews with the nurses responsible for them.We identified PIMs using the list of recently updated Beers criteria developed by a group of specialists from the American Geriatrics Society (AGS), who reviewed the criteria based on studies with high scientific evidence levels. We defined the factors studied to evaluate the association with PIM use prior to the statistical analyses, which were the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. Results: Among the elderly who used drugs daily, 82.6% were taking at least one PIM, with antipsychotics (26.5%) and analgesics (15.1%) being the most commonly used. Out of all the medications used, 32.4% were PIMs, with 29.7% of these being PIMs that the elderly should avoid independent of their condition, 1.1% being inappropriate medication for older adults with certain illnesses or syndromes, and 1.6% being medications that older adults should use with caution. In the multivariate analysis, the factors associated with PIM use were: polypharmacy (p = 0.0187), cerebrovascular disease (p = 0.0036), psychiatric disorders (p < 0.0001) and dependency (p = 0.0404). Conclusions: The results of this study showed a high prevalence of PIM use in institutionalized elderly Brazilian patients. and the associated factors were polypharmacy, psychiatric disorders, cerebrovascular diseases and dependency. © 2013 Lima et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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Objective: Gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor activation with muscimol in the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPBN) induces water and 0.3 M NaCl intake. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a local inflammatory event, such as periodontal disease (PD), is able to alter the effects of muscimol on water and 0.3 M NaCl intake in fluid-replete rats and in rats treated with furosemide (FURO) combined with captopril (CAP) injected subcutaneously. Design: Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: with PD and those without PD (control condition). Fifteen days after PD, both groups had cannulas implanted bilaterally into the LPBN. Results: In fluid-replete rats without PD, injections of muscimol (0.5 nmol/0.2 μl) into the LPBN induced 0.3 M NaCl and water intake and a pressor response. In fluid-replete rats with PD, a decrease was observed in water intake and pressor response but not in 0.3 M NaCl intake. In control rats with FURO + CAP treatment, injections of muscimol into the LPBN increased 0.3 M NaCl and water intake. In PD rats with FURO + CAP treatment, a decrease was observed in 0.3 M NaCl and water intake after muscimol in the LPBN. Alveolar bone loss and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plasmatic concentration were higher in PD rats in comparison with controls. Conclusion: These results suggest that PD is able to reduce the pressor response and the dipsogenic and natriorexigenic effects induced by the activation of GABAA receptors in the LPBN, probably due to the elevation of the plasmatic concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

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A ideia do presente trabalho partiu do estudo dos contos (mais precisamente dois deles: “Miss Doris” e “Mentiras e Verdades no Mesmo Chão”) de Maria Lúcia Medeiros, escritora paraense. Partimos da premissa de que Maria Lúcia é contista de uma época em que os traços que caracterizam os gêneros literários venceram limites e regras: seus contos são textos multifacetados, escritos em uma espécie de prosa lírica ou, ainda, prosa lírico-dramática. Pretende-se, então, neste trabalho, fazer primeiramente um histórico dos gêneros literários, estudando sua evolução enquanto conceito teórico desde os primeiros estudos dos textos literários – desde Platão, Aristóteles, Horácio, Victor Hugo – até os do contexto histórico contemporâneo – como Käte Hamburger, Northrop Frye, Emil Staiger. Abordaremos, ainda, que papel os gêneros possuem em um estudo de contos (não tradicionais) como os de Maria Lúcia Medeiros. Levantamos, então, algumas questões relevantes que nortearam o trabalho: o que se entende por hibridismo de gêneros literários? São os contos de Maria Lúcia Medeiros híbridos? De que modo acontece esse hibridismo? O que é o conto? Como se constroem os contos de Maria Lúcia? Partimos, então, da premissa de que os contos da escritora paraense são híbridos, pois possuem características genéricas diversas, além de dialogarem com outras obras literárias e com outras artes. Faremos, então, a leitura de dois contos de Maria Lúcia – além de pequenas leituras dos contos de três de suas coletâneas (Zeus ou a menina e os óculos, Velas. Por quem? e Céu Caótico) –, “Miss Doris” e “Mentiras e Verdades no Mesmo Chão”, mostrando justamente esse hibridismo e esse diálogo. Vale ressaltar que, apesar de permear a teoria da literatura há muitas décadas, o assunto em questão, os gêneros, não pode ser considerado concluído. Por ainda haver muita discussão acerca do tema, faz-se pertinente desenvolver um estudo sobre eles, na obra de uma escritora paraense de valor inestimável: Maria Lúcia Medeiros.

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Este artigo faz um estudo genealógico da viagem e do turismo, conceitos importantes para a compreensão da sociedade ocidental, por meio da análise de certos escritos, alguns dos quais representam um marco não só na literatura, mas também na história e na antropologia. Estuda-se a construção das idéias de viagem, turismo, viajante e turista, com base na literatura e nos relatos, dos “agentes” que contribuíram tanto para a formação como para a cristalização dessas noções. Constata-se que as idéias encontradas na literatura e nos relatos acabam sendo reproduzidas nos produtos culturais da pós-modernidade, transformando ações, personagens e personalidades em construções estereotipadas.