Renal responses to three types of renin-angiotensin system blockers in patients with diabetes mellitus on a high-salt diet: a need for higher doses in diabetic patients?

Objective Activation of the renal renin-angiotensin system in patients with diabetes mellitus appears to contribute to the risk of nephropathy. Recently, it has been recognized than an elevation of prorenin in plasma also provides a strong indication of risk of nephropathy. This study was designed to examine renin-angiotensin system control mechanisms in the patient with diabetes mellitus.Methods We enrolled 43 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. All individuals were on a high-salt diet to minimize the contribution of the systemic renin-angiotensin system. After an acute exposure to captopril (25 mg), they were randomized to treatment with either irbesartan (300 mg) or aliskiren (300 mg) for 2 weeks.Results All agents acutely lowered blood pressure and plasma aldosterone, and increased renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate. Yet, only captopril and aliskiren acutely increased plasma renin and decreased plasma angiotensin II, whereas irbesartan acutely affected neither renin nor angiotensin II. Plasma renin and angiotensin II subsequently did increase upon chronic irbesartan treatment. When given on day 14, irbesartan and aliskiren again induced the above hemodynamic, renal and adrenal effects, yet without significantly changing plasma renin. Irbesartan at that time did not affect plasma angiotensin II, whereas aliskiren lowered it to almost zero.Conclusion The relative resistance of the renal renin response to acute (irbesartan) and chronic (irbesartan and aliskiren) renin-angiotensin system blockade supports the concept of an activated renal renin-angiotensin system in diabetes, particularly at the level of the juxtaglomerular cell, and implies that diabetic patients might require higher doses of renin-angiotensin system blockers to fully suppress the renal renin-angiotensin system. J Hypertens 29: 2454-2461 (C) 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health vertical bar Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Smoking cessation and the incidence of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: a cohort study.

AIMS: Smoking cessation has been suggested to increase the short-term risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed at assessing the association between smoking cessation and incidence of T2DM and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). METHODS: Data from participants in the CoLaus study, Switzerland, aged 35-75 at baseline and followed for 5.5years were used. Participants were classified as smokers, recent (≤5years), long-term (>5years) quitters, and non-smokers at baseline. Outcomes were IFG (fasting serum glucose (FSG) 5.6-6.99mmol/l) and T2DM (FSG ≥7.0mmol/l and/or treatment) at follow up. RESULTS: 3,166 participants (63% women) had normal baseline FSG, of whom 26.7% were smokers, 6.5% recent quitters, and 23.5% long-term quitters. During follow-up 1,311 participants (41.4%) developed IFG (33.6% women, 54.7% men) and 47 (1.5%) developed T2DM (1.1% women, 2.1% men). Former smokers did not have statistically significant increased odds of IFG compared with smokers after adjustment for age, education, physical activity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and alcohol intake, with OR of 1.29 [95% confidence interval 0.94-1.76] for recent quitters and 1.03 [0.84-1.27] for long-term quitters. Former smokers did not have significant increased odds of T2DM compared with smokers with multivariable-adjusted OR of 1.53 [0.58-4.00] for recent quitters and 0.64 [0.27-1.48] for long-term quitters. Adjustment for body-mass index and waist circumference attenuated the association between recent quitting and IFG (OR 1.07 [0.78-1.48]) and T2DM (OR 1.28 [0.48-3.40]. CONCLUSION: In this middle-aged population, smoking cessation was not associated with an increased risk of IFG or T2DM.

The Association of Sleep Disorder, Obesity Status, and Diabetes Mellitus among US Adults—The NHANES 2009-2010 Survey Results

To examine the association between sleep disorders, obesity status, and the risk of diabetes in adults, a total of 3668 individuals aged 40+ years fromtheNHANES 2009-2010 withoutmissing information on sleep-related questions,measurements related to diabetes, and BMI were included in this analysis. Subjects were categorized into three sleep groups based on two sleep questions: (a) no sleep problems; (b) sleep disturbance; and (c) sleep disorder. Diabetes was defined as having one of a diagnosis from a physician; an overnight fasting glucose > 125 mg/dL; Glycohemoglobin > 6.4%; or an oral glucose tolerance test > 199mg/dL. Overall, 19% of subjects were diabetics, 37% were obese, and 32% had either sleep disturbance or sleep disorder. Using multiple logistic regression models adjusting for covariates without including BMI, the odds ratios (OR, (95% CI)) of diabetes were 1.40 (1.06, 1.84) and 2.04 (1.40, 2.95) for those with sleep disturbance and with sleep disorder, respectively. When further adjusting for BMI, the ORs were similar for those with sleep disturbance 1.36 (1.06, 1.73) but greatly attenuated for those with sleep disorders (1.38 [0.95, 2.00]). In conclusion, the impact of sleep disorders on diabetes may be explained through the individuals’ obesity status.

Apoyo social y estilo de vida del paciente diabetico tipo 2

Tesis (Maestria en Ciencias de Enfermeria con Especialidad en Salud Comunitaria) UANL

Conductas promotoras de salud en adultos con diabetes tipo 2

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencia de Enfermería con Especialidad en salud Comunitaria) UANL

Factores personales, barreras percibidas y asistencia a consulta depersonas con diabetes tipo 2

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias de Enfermería con Énfasis en Salud Comunitaria) UANL

Cuidado dependiente materno y autocuidado en población pediátrica con diabetes mellitus tipo 1

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias de Enfermería) UANL

Calidad de vida del paciente con diabetes tipo 2

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias de Enfermería con Énfasis en Salud Comunitaria) UANL

Patrón de consumo de alcohol en población con diabetes mellitus

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias de Enfermería con Enfasis en Salud Comunitaria) UANL

Evaluación de la calidad del programa de diabetes mellitus

Tesis (Mestría en Ciencias de Enfermería con Enfasis en Administración de Servicios) UANL

Diabetes mellitus tipo II y enfermedad periodontal

Tesis (Maestría en Salud Pública con Especialidad en Odontología Social) UANL.

Caries dental y diabetes mellitus no insulino dependiente

Tesis (Maestría en Salud Pública con Especialidad en Odontología Social) UANL.

Diabetes mellitus e hipertensión arterial en relación al ausentismo laboral

Tesis ( Maestría en Salud Pública, Especialidad Salud en el Trabajo) UANL.FaSPyN

Enfermería profesional en la prevención y control de la diabetes mellitus, en el primer nivel de atención área metropolitana de Nuevo León, 1991 [por] Rosa Gaudencia Vaiz Bonifaz

Tesis (Maestría en Enfermería con Especialidad en Salud Comunitaria) U.A.N.L.

Instrumento para que enfermería detecte diabetes mellitus tipo II [por] Francisco Rocha Romero

Tesis (Maestría en Enfermería, con especialidad en Salud Comunitaria) U.A.N.L.