Sexualidade e doenças inflamatórias intestinais

Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia em Clínica Médica - FMB

Índice de resistência múltipla aos antimicrobianos, concentração inibitória e beta-lactamases de espectro estendido em linhagens de Proteus mirabilis e Proteus vulgaris isoladas de diferentes afecções em animais domésticos

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Análise das características clínica, histopatológica e imunopatológica das lesões liquenoides orais. Revisão sistemática e estudo prospectivo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise das características clínica, histopatológica e imunopatológica das lesões liquenoides orais. Revisão sistemática e estudo prospectivo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Photodynamic therapy in periocular basal cell carcinoma: Case report

The authors report the use of photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolevulinate (Metvix (R)) in a patient with nodular and infiltrative basal cell carcinoma in the right lower eyelid. Side effects on the eye were evaluated weekly. After 12 weeks of treatment, to confirm cure the patient was submitted to a 2-mm punch biopsy, the anatomopathological findings of which were negative for neoplasia. Photodynamic therapy with methyl aminolevulinate was shown to be an attractive alternative to surgical excision(-)the current gold standard treatment worldwide.

Approach to and Treatment of Goiters

The main causes of simple diffuse goiter (SDG) and multinodular goiter (MNG) are iodine deficiency, increase in serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level, natural goitrogens, smoking, chronic malnutrition, and lack of selenium, iron, and zinc. Increasing evidence suggests that heredity is equally important. Treatment of SDG and MNG still focuses on L-thyroxine-suppressive therapy surgery. Radioiodine alone or preceded by recombinant human TSH stimulation is widely used in Europe and other countries. Each of these therapeutic options has advantages and disadvantages, with acute and long-term side effects.

Transforming growth factor alpha immunoreactivity. A study in hepatocellular carcinoma and in non-neoplastic liver tissue

Background. Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) is an important mitogen that binds to epidermal growth factor receptor and is associated with the development of several tumors. Aims. Assessment of the immunoexpression of TGF alpha in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and in non-neoplastic liver tissue and its relationship to morphological patterns of HCC. Material and methods. The immunohistochemical expression of TGF alpha was studied in 47 cases of HCC (27 multinodular, 20 nodular lesions). Five lesions measured up to 5 cm and 15 lesions above 5 cm. Thirty-two cases were graded as I or II and 15 as III or IV. The non-neoplastic tissue was examined in 40 cases, of which 22 had cirrhosis. HBsAg and anti-HCV were positive in 5/38 and 15/37 patients, respectively. The statistical analysis for possible association of immunostaining of TGF alpha and pathological features was performed through chi-square test. Results. TGF alpha was detected in 31.9% of the HCC and in 42.5% of the non-neoplastic. There was a statistically significant association between the expression of TGF alpha and cirrhosis (OR = 8.75, 95% CI = [1.93, 39.75]). The TGF alpha was detected more frequently in patients anti-HCV(+) than in those HBsAg(+). The immunoexpression of TGF alpha was not found related to tumor size or differentiation. In conclusion the TGF alpha is present in hepatocarcinogenesis in HBV negative patients. Further analysis is needed to examine the involvement of TGF alpha in the carcinogenesis associated with HCV and other possible agents. In addition, TGF alpha has an higher expression in hepatocyte regeneration and proliferation in cirrhotic livers than in HCC.

Hepatocellular adenoma: an excellent indication for laparoscopic liver resection

Objectives: Laparoscopic resection for benign liver disease has gained wide acceptance in recent years and hepatocellular adenoma (HA) seems to be an appropriate indication. This study aimed to discuss diagnosis and treatment strategies, and to assess the feasibility, safety and outcomes of pure laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) in a large series of patients with HA. Methods: Of 88 patients who underwent pure LLR, 31 were identified as having HA. Diagnosis was based on radiological evaluation and resections were performed for lesions measuring >5.0 cm. Results: The sample included 29 female and two male patients. Their mean age was 33.2 years. A total of 27 patients had a single lesion, one patient had two and one had four lesions. The two remaining patients had liver adenomatosis. Mean tumour size was 7.5 cm. Three right hepatectomies, 17 left lateral sectionectomies and 11 wedge resections or segmentectomies were performed. There was no need for blood transfusion or conversion to open surgery. Postoperative complications occurred in two patients. Mean hospital stay was 3.8 days. Conclusions: Hepatocellular adenoma should be regarded as an excellent indication for pure LLR. Pure LLR is safe and feasible and should be considered the standard of care for the treatment of HA when performed by surgeons with experience in liver and laparoscopic surgery.

Terapia fotodinâmica em carcinoma basocelular periocular: relato de caso

Os autores descrevem a aplicação de terapia fotodinâmica com cloridrato de aminolevulinato de metila (Metivix®) em uma paciente com carcinoma basocelular padrão misto (nodular e infiltrativo) em pálpebra inferior de olho direito. Os efeitos colaterais sobre o olho foram avaliados semanalmente. Foi submetida à biòpsia incisional com punch de 2 mm para controle de cura após 12 semanas de tratamento. O anátomopatológico revelou ausência de neoplasia. O tratamento padrão ouro reconhecido mundialmente é a exérese da lesão, porém a terapia fotodinâmica com cloridrato de aminolevulinato de metila (MAL) surge como uma opção terapêutica à cirurgia.

Erythema induratum of Bazin associated with Addison's disease: first description

CONTEXT: Erythema induratum of Bazin (EIB) is considered to be a tuberculid reaction and consists of recurrent painful nodules. The differential diagnosis includes diseases like nodular vasculitis, perniosis, polyarteritis nodosa and erythema nodosum. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a woman with EIB who developed Addison's disease during treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs with good response to glucocorticoid replacement. The diagnosis was obtained through the clinical picture, positive tuberculin test and positive BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guérin) test on the histological sample. Anti-tuberculosis drugs and glucocorticoid replacement led to disappearance of the signs and symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first description of an association between EIB and Addison's disease. It should be borne in mind that tuberculosis is an important etiological factor for Addison's disease.

Studio istologico e follow-up clinico di carcinomi basocellulari trattati con terapia chirurgica

Lo studio ha posto l'attenzione sul rapporto costo-efficacia tra le metodiche più utilizzate per la rimozione di carcinomi basocellulari: l'asportazione chirurgica e la terapia fotodinamica. Dai dati si evince che la rimozione chirurgica è la metodica più efficace per la minore frequenza di recidive (4.7%) rispetto alla terapia fotodinamica (6%). Questo dato è valido unicamente per i carcinomi superficiali; per i carcinomi nodulari la frequenza di recidiva con la terapia fotodinamica risulta essere più elevata (35%). La chirurgia è una metodica più costosa rispetto alla fotodinamica. La variabile dolore risulta essere minore per la chirurgia rispetto alla fotodinamica. Il risultato estetico invece è migliore per la fotodinamica rispetto alla terapia chirurgica. I costi invece sono più elevati per la terapia chirurgica. Rimane un'ultima considerazione: la terapia fotodinamica richiede talvolta un nuovo intervento a distanza di mesi o anni e pertanto questa scelta comporta costi aggiuntivi.

Forme atipiche di malattia mani-piedi-bocca: La nostra esperienza

Introduzione: La malattia mani-piedi-bocca è una patologia infettiva tipica della prima infanzia causata dagli enterovirus, in particolare i sierotipi Coxsackievirus A16 ed Enterovirus 71. A partire dal 2008, ne è stata descritta un’epidemia da Coxsackievirus A6, in genere accompagnata da febbre elevata e che si distingue per lo sviluppo di piccole vescicole che progrediscono a lesioni vescicolo-bollose e a bolle vere e proprie. Inoltre, nei pazienti affetti da dermatite atopica, le lesioni tendono a localizzarsi sulle aree eczematose. Abbiamo quindi svolto uno studio osservazionale prospettico per descrivere le caratteristiche cliniche delle forme atipiche di malattia mani-piedi-bocca. Metodi: Sono stati arruolati i pazienti affetti da una forma atipica di malattia mani-piedi-bocca giunti consecutivamente presso l’Ambulatorio di Dermatologia Pediatrica del Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi di Bologna tra gennaio 2012 e febbraio 2014. Abbiamo valutato distribuzione, tipologia ed estensione delle lesioni. In un gruppo di pazienti è stata inoltre eseguita l’identificazione virale sul fluido vescicolare. Risultati: Abbiamo arruolato 47 pazienti (68% maschi) con un’età mediana di 22 mesi. Sono stati individuati 3 aspetti clinici principali: 1) forma acrale (distribuzione delle lesioni prevalentemente acrale), nel 62% dei soggetti; 2) eczema coxsackium (lesioni localizzate su aree eczematose), nel 23% dei soggetti; 3) forma diffusa (estensione delle lesioni al tronco), nel 15% dei soggetti. Inoltre, nell’80% circa dei pazienti si riscontravano macule purpuriche acrali, circa la metà dei pazienti aveva lesioni con aspetto purpurico e il 72% un interessamento dei glutei. In 9 su 11 soggetti genotipizzati è stato isolato il Coxsackievirus A6. Conclusioni: Questo studio ha permesso di descrivere tre fenotipi di malattia mani-piedi-bocca atipica, che deve essere correttamente identificata al fine di non porre diagnosi errate quali varicella, eczema herpeticum, vasculiti, impetigine, e di potere così procedere ad una gestione appropriata della patologia.

Prevalence of findings compatible with carotid artery calcifications on dental panoramic radiographs

Cerebrovascular accidents are responsible for killing or disabling more than half a million Americans every year. They are the third leading cause of death in this country. In Germany, the annual stroke incidence reaches 182 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Stroke there is the fourth leading cause of death. There is a need of finding cost-effective means of decreasing stroke mortality and morbidity. Instruments for early diagnosis are of great humanitarian and economic importance. All possible clinical findings should be taken into account. It is not the demand of this study to present the panoramic radiograph as a screening test method for early diagnosis of atherosclerosis. The aim is to show the potential of this radiograph used in everyday clinical dental practice by the prevalence of radiopaque findings in the carotid region. This study included panoramic dental radiographs of 2,557 patients older than 30 years of age. Fifty-nine percent of the patients were women and 41% were men. The radiographs were adjudged for signs compatible with carotid arterial calcifications appearing as a radiopaque nodular mass adjacent to the cervical vertebrae at or below the intervertebral space C3-4. Of all these radiographs, 4.8% showed radiopaque findings compatible with atherosclerotic lesions. The proportion of women reached 64.8% and that of men reached 35.2%. In accordance to recent literature, the results of this study show that about 5% of the patients show radiological findings compatible with carotid arterial calcifications. Some of these patients at risk for a cerebrovascular accident may be identified in the dentist's office by appropriate review of the panoramic dental radiograph. The suspicion of carotid artery calcifications demands an impetuous referral to an appropriate practitioner who can assist in the control of risk factors and if necessary arrange surgical removal of the carotid arterial plaque. So, the dentist should be aware of this problem and able to make a contribution to stroke prevention.

Efficacy of rituximab and cladribine in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and feasibility of stem cell mobilization: a prospective multicenter phase II trial (protocol SAKK 34/02)

This phase II trial investigated rituximab and cladribine in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Four induction cycles, comprising cladribine (0.1 mg/kg/day days 1-5, cycles 1-4) and rituximab (375 mg/m(2) day 1, cycles 2-4), were given every 28 days. Stem cell mobilization (rituximab 375 mg/m(2) days 1 and 8; cyclophosphamide 4 g/m(2) day 2; and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 10 microg/kg/day, from day 4) was performed in responders. Of 42 patients, nine achieved complete remission (CR), 15 very good partial remission, and two nodular partial remission (overall response rate 62%). Stem cell mobilization and harvesting (> or = 2 x 10(6) stem cells/kg body weight) were successful in 12 of 20 patients. Rituximab infusion-related adverse events were moderate. The main grade 3/4 adverse events during induction were neutropenia and lymphocytopenia. Rituximab plus cladribine was effective; however, the CR rate was modest and stem cell harvest was impaired in a large number of responding patients.

Lymphangiogenesis is upregulated in kidneys of patients with multiple myeloma

Neolymphangiogenesis has recently been demonstrated in transplanted kidneys as well as in chronic interstitial nephritis and IgA nephropathy. However, its significance in kidney disease remains to be defined and a systematic study of renal lymphangiogenesis is warranted. We investigated patients with multiple myeloma (MM) presenting in the great majority with acute renal insufficiency. Controls were allograft kidney donors and patients with renal insufficiency due to acute renal failure (ARF). Lymph vessel length density (LVD) was quantified immunohistochemically by means of antipodoplanin staining followed by computer-assisted stereology. The mean LVD in kidneys of patients with MM (23.19 mm(-2)) was higher when compared with allograft donors (7.42 mm(-2), P = 0.0003) and patients with ARF (6.78 mm(-2), P = 0.0002). The higher LVD was significantly associated with interstitial inflammation, and the newly formed lymph vessels were accompanied by diffuse and nodular interstitial infiltrates composed mainly of CD20(+) B cells and CD27(+) plasma cells. The infiltrates in patients with MM also displayed a higher expression of the B-cell chemoattractant CXCL13. These results demonstrate for the first time that lymphangiogenesis is a prominent feature in MM kidneys and that it is associated with a significant accumulation of macrophages, CD20(+) and CD27(+) B lymphocytes. Further studies should clarify whether these changes represent a beneficial or detrimental factor in the progression of the myeloma-related kidney damage.