Gardenification of tropical conserved wildlands: Multitasking, multicropping, and multiusers

Tropical wildlands and their biodiversity will survive in perpetuity only through their integration into human society. One protocol for integration is to explicitly recognize conserved tropical wildlands as wildland gardens. A major way to facilitate the generation of goods and services by a wildland garden is to generate a public-domain Yellow Pages for its organisms. Such a Yellow Pages is part and parcel of high-quality search-and-delivery from wildland gardens. And, as they and their organisms become better understood, they become higher quality biodiversity storage devices than are large freezers. One obstacle to wildland garden survival is that specific goods and services, such as biodiversity prospecting, lack development protocols that automatically shunt the profits back to the source. Other obstacles are that environmental services contracts have the unappealing trait of asking for the payment of environmental credit card bills and implying delegation of centralized governmental authority to decentralized social structures. Many of the potential conflicts associated with wildland gardens may be reduced by recognizing two sets of social rules for perpetuating biodiversity and ecosystems, one set for the wildland garden and one set for the agroscape. In the former, maintaining wildland biodiversity and ecosystem survival in perpetuity through minimally damaging use is paramount, while in the agroscape, wild biodiversity and ecosystems are tools for a healthy and productive agroecosystem, and the loss of much of the original is acceptable.

Instructions to S.C., [1797?]

Undated, two-page list of instructions written by Croswell presumably to Samuel Cheney with directions for paying bills and delivering books.

Letter from William Croswell to Joseph and David A. Croswell, 1825 July 20

Draft of a letter concerning Continental bills in Croswell's care.

College commons records, 1765-1829 (inclusive)

This volume, containing chronologically arranged papers mounted and bound around 1840, provides comprehensive documentation of the College commons around the turn of the 19th century. In particular, the volume documents the role the Steward played in overseeing the Commons. The records chiefly consist of the quarter reports of the Committee assigned to review the Steward’s accounts. Other documents include lists of utensils, bills for dinners for the Corporation, Overseers, and Commencement, regulations, lists of abatements for students’ quarterly bills, and information on kitchen staff.

Ledger for the Classes of 1650-1663, 1649-1660

The leather-bound volume contains accounts for the Classes of 1650-1663 and Fellows. Many of the student bills were settled with payment in kind, often in the form of grain, apples, or livestock. The Steward's accounts with the College from 1656-1659 were entered on pages 295-303 and listed as "The steward is Creditor" and "The steward is Debitor." Credit entries include food, fuel, corn, and wages; debit entries list purchases and often identify the sellers.

Ledger for the Classes of 1703-1718, 1703-1731

The parchment-bound hardcover folio volume contains accounts for Fellows, Tutors, the President, and members of the Classes of 1703-1718. Payments were often made with bills of credit, money, and notes. The Steward's accounts with the College are interspersed in the volume.

Audited accounts, 1713-1745

The parchment-bound hardcover folio volume contains the Steward's accounts with the College from March 20, 1712/13 through August 9, 1745. The accounts are arranged as Harvard College's debits to the Steward with entries listing the Steward's expenses for students, salaries, and provisions and equipment, and the Steward's credits collected from the quarterly bills, arranged by type of charge (such as study rent, payments from the Butler, and repairs).

Ledger, 1795-1804

The large leather-bound volume contains a final monthly accounting of Steward Gannett's financial transactions from December 1795 through September 1804. The journal records four types of transactions: "Sundry accounts dr to Treasury," "Cash dr to sundry accounts," "Treasury dr to sundry accounts," and Treasury Dr to Treasury orders." The pages are arranged into columns for account numbers, transaction descriptions, and associated amounts. The entries reflect the movement of funds between the Steward's cash and sundry accounts and the Treasury. Transaction descriptions include student names and amounts based on quarterly bills, specific scholarship and salary allocations, and the names of individuals paid for services, from wood suppliers to medical instructors.

[Letter from J. Warren to Caleb Gannett], 1780 April 27

Handwritten one-page letter from J. Warren to Caleb Gannett about the charges in a quarter bill received by Warren's son. J. Warren is likely James Warren (1726-1808, Harvard AB 1745), referring to the quarter bill of his son Charles Warren (1762–1784, Harvard AB 1782).

Quarter bill for Samuel Abbot signed by Steward Caleb Gannett, 1782 November 28

Printed quarter bill for Samuel Abbot (Harvard AB 1785) with sizing and punishment totals, and handwritten credits, signed by Steward Caleb Gannett.

Quarter bill for Timothy Bigelow, 1785 February 25

Printed quarter bill for Timothy Bigelow (Harvard AB 1786) with sizing and punishment totals. Handwritten text of name, date, and bill totals is faded.

Quarter bill for Seth Low, 1800 August 28

Photostat copy of printed quarter for Seth Low (Harvard AB 1804) with Steward and Commons, Sizings, Study and Cellar Rent, Instruction, Library, French Instruction, Medical Instruction, Books, Sweepers, Catalogues and Commencement Dinner, Repairs, Wood, and Punishment totals. Bills signed by Steward Caleb Gannett.