Avaliação do desempenho do aço AISI D2 tratado termicamente e nitretado em plasma com gaiola catódica visando aplicação industrial

In the research, steel samples tool AISI D2, treated thermally, in the conditions: relief of tension, when maximum, seasoned and seasoned was treated thermally in the temperature of revenimento and revenida had been nitrited in plasma with cathodic cage, in atmosphere of 80%N2:20%H2. One used pressure of 2,5 mbar, 400 and 480°C temperatures with treatment time of 3 and 4 hours, with the objective to evaluate its performance in pipes cut tool. It was compared that the performance of the same steel when only thermally treated, both with tension relief. It was evaluated its hardness. Microstructural aspects (the layer thickness, interface, graisn size, etc) and crystalline phases on the surface. Besides, it was verified accomplishment possibility of nitriding simultaneous to annealing treatment. The tempering samples had presented hardness levels of 600 HV, while in nitrited samples these values had been 1100 HV

Distribution of Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40 in soils and sugar cane crops at Corumbatai river basin, São Paulo State, Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Rabbits' eye globe sonographic biometry

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Resposta de feijão-vagem a diferentes níveis de fertilidade

Estudou-se a resposta de feijão-vagem de crescimento indeterminado à fertilidade do solo em Anápolis (GO). Utilizaram-se sete linhagens (Hav 13, Hav 38, Hav 40, Hav 49, Hav 56, Hav 64 e Hav 68), e as cultivares Favorito Ag 480, Macarrão Bragança e Teresópolis Ag 484, em sete doses da formulação 4-30-16 aplicadas ao solo (D0= 0; D1=200; D(2)400; D3=600; D4=800; D5=1000 e D6=1200 kg/ha). Houve diferenças significativas entre genótipos para todas características avaliadas, dentro de cada dose do formulado, exceto para produtividade, no quinto nível, e para altura média das plantas no nível mais elevado de fertilidade. As linhagens Hav 49 e Hav 64 igualaram-se aos genótipos de maiores rendimentos em todos os ambientes. O nível médio de fertilidade foi o mais conveniente, do ponto de vista econômico, para todas as características consideradas. Com exceção de Hav 13 e Teresópolis Ag 484, que se mostraram imprevisíveis quanto à produtividade, Hav 13 e Hav 64, quanto ao número de vagens por planta e Favorito Ag 480 quanto à altura média das plantas, os demais genótipos foram estáveis. Todos os genótipos responderam proporcionalmente à melhoria do ambiente para produtividade, número de vagens por planta e altura das plantas. Quanto ao peso médio das vagens a linhagem Hav 40 respondeu menos que proporcionalmente ao aumento da fertilidade do solo, mostrando-se adaptável a solos menos férteis, enquanto a cultivar Teresópolis Ag 484 respondeu mais que proporcionalmente à melhoria da fertilidade mostrando-se adaptável a solos mais férteis.

Resposta nutricional do porta-enxerto delimoeiro 'citrumelo' à aplicacão de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio

The effect of the application of three doses N, P and K on substrates on the nutritional status of root stock of 'Citrumelo' lemon (Citrus paradisi x Poncirus trifoliata) was evaluated. The experiment followed a fully randomized factorial design (3x3) (three nutrients x three doses plus a control) with three replicates. The treatments consisted of D1 = half standard dose, D2 = one standard dose and D3 = twice standard dose, in addition to the control that did not received fertilization at all. At four months after the emergence of the root stock of lemon 'Citrumelo' the plants tissue (leaves) were determined for nutrients analysis to obtain its accumulation. The results showed that plants of lemon 'Citrumelo' 'Swingle' are responsive to the application of N, P and K. The application of nitrogen showed a linear accumulation pattern of N and K, while the applications of phosphorus and potassium provided a quadratic response.

Adubação com NPK e o estado nutricional de ‘citrumelo’ por medida indireta de clorofila

The SPAD values of the leaves have correlation with nutrients content and dry matter production and could be used for evaluation of the nutritional state in citrus rootstock. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) on the indirect measure of chlorophyll in the lemon tree citrus rootstock of "citrumelo". After 20 days from sowing of the plants, the experiment was installed, in a randomized design factorial project 3x3 + 1, being three rates of N, P e K (920 mg dm(-3) 790 mg dm(-3) and 100 mg dm(-3), respectively), with three replications. The treatments were: D1 = half of the recommend rate; D2 = the recommend rate; e D3 = two times the recommend rate and one control (without fertilization). Four months after the emergency, were determined the SPAD values, dry matter yield and the N, P and K content of the plants. Interaction between N, P and K content with SPAD values the plants were found. SPAD values with N content and with the dry mass yield of the plants the citrus rootstock were encountered, indicating that the indirect measure of chlorophyll is adequate for the evaluation of the nitrogen content of 'citrumelo' plants.

Effect of liming on the mineral nutrition and yield of growing guava trees in a typic hapludox soil

High soil acidity influences the availability of mineral nutrients and increases that of toxic aluminium (Al), which has a jeopardizing effect on plant growth. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of soil liming on the development of guava (Psidium guajava L.) plants, on soil chemical characteristics, and on fruit yield. The experiment was carried out at the Bebedouro Citrus Experimental Station, state of São Paulo, Brazil, in a Typic Hapludox soil, from August 1999 to March 2003. The treatments consisted of limestone dose: D0 = zero; D1 = half dose; D2 = total dose; D3 = 1.5 times the dose, and D4 = 2 times the dose to raise the V value to 70%. The doses corresponded to zero, 1.85, 3.71, 5.56, and 7.41tha(-1) applied to the upper soil layer (0-30cm deep) before planting. The results showed that liming caused an improvement in the evaluated soil chemical characteristics up to a depth of 60cm in soil samples both in the line and between lines. The highest fruit yields were obtained when the base saturation reached a value of 55% in the line and 62% between the lines. Foliar levels of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were 8.8 and 2.5gkg-1, respectively. The highest limestone dose maintained the soil base saturation (at the layer of 0-20cm) in the line close to 55% during at least 40 months after the incorporation of limestone.

PHOSPHORUS EFFECTS IN THE NUTRITION and GROWTH of DEVELOPING MANGO PLANTS

The objective was to study the effects of phosphorous (P) fertilization on nutritional and developmental aspects of growing mango plants. The mango plants were evaluated by soil chemical analyses, leaf chemical analyses, biological examination of plant growth, and the starting point of fruit production. Having this in view, an experiment was set up on 2 January 2003, at Flora, a farm in Uberlandia, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The soil was a clayish Oxisol. The doses at planting were: D0 = zero, D1 = 40, D2 = 100, D3 = 200, and D4 = 300 g of P2O5 plant-1. These doses at the beginning of the second year were multiplied by 1.5 and at the beginning of the third year by 2.0 and applied to the plants. The fertilizer used in this experiment was triple superphosphate (44% of P2O5.). During August of 2004, 2005, and 2006, soil samples were taken at a depth of 20 cm in between the plant rows. Leaf samples were taken during August of 2004 and 2005 to determine macro- and micronutrient contents in the leaves. Plant stem diameter was measured during January of 2004 and 2005. Plant height and crown radius were measured during January of 2005 and fruit production in 2005 and 2006. Fertilizer applications increased the level of P in the soil but significantly influenced plant performance only after the second year. The effects of phosphorus on mango plants take place slowly leading to increments in plant stem diameter only at the third year. Fruit set was not influenced by phosphorous fertilization.

Composição centesimal da carne de cordeiros submetidos a dietas com diferentes teores de concentrado

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Canción popular, nacionalismo, consumo y política en Chile entre los años 40 y 60

Popular urban music is a typically modern cultural event. Its production, distribution and consumption occurred during the process of urbanization of Chile and in a period of growing availability of technological resources. The broadcasting by the mass media allowed popular urban music to reach a larger audience than the local public. Therefore it did not take long time for popular urban music to become a means of cultural homogenization within the parameters of the market system of production and distribution of music, in Chile. This article aims to map the connections between folk music and popular music, with the formation and consolidation of a consumer market for music in Chile. Besides it considers the use of popular music in the forfties and the sixties as a political tool by different groups of the Chilean society, during a time when arts were considered within the controversies about the national identity that arose in different Latin American countries.

Redução da força muscular está relacionada à perda muscular em mulheres acima de 40 anos

O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a influência da idade na massa muscular e na força muscular, de membros superiores e inferiores, em mulheres acima de 40 anos. Foram estudadas 52 voluntárias, divididas em 3 grupos etários: 40-49 anos(G40, n=16), 50-59 anos(G50, n=18) e 60-70 anos(G60, n=18). Avaliaram-se: massa muscular (MM) por impedância bioelétrica e força muscular-1RM (FM). Para estatística, utilizaram-se análise variância-one-way, teste de Duncan e correlação de Pearson. Observou-se diferença significativa (p<0,05) entre 10,1% na MM entre G40 e G50 e 7,5% entre G50 e G60, totalizando 16,8% nas duas décadas (G40/G60). A FM de membros inferiores foi 16,4% menor entre G40 e G50 e 12,5% entre G50 e G60, perfazendo 25,3% nas duas décadas (p<0,05). Nos membros superiores, não houve diferença significativa da força, entre G40 e G50 (3,3% supino reto e 2,5% rosca direta) e entre G50 e G60 (17,5% e 9,6%), totalizando, nas duas décadas, 20,2% e 12,2%, respectivamente. A Soma das FMs foi corrigida pela MM (FMs/MM), não apresentando diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos. Correlacionando-se MM e FM, houve maior analogia nos membros inferiores (r=0,57), quando comparados aos membros superiores (r=0,42 e r=41, respectivamente). Concluíu-se que as mulheres apresentaram menores valores de MM e de FM nos membros inferiores logo na quinta década de vida. A FMs/MM parece não se alterar em mulheres entre 40 e 60 anos, quando comparadas por grupos etários. A MM reduzida parece ser fator importante para os menores valores de FM observados em mulheres entre 40 e 60 anos.