Relevance of anatomy to medical education and clinical practice: perspectives of medical students, clinicians, and educators

Introduction: Against a backdrop of ever-changing diagnostic and treatment modalities, stakeholder perceptions (medical students, clinicians, anatomy educators) are crucial for the design of an anatomy curriculum which fulfils the criteria required for safe medical practice. This study compared perceptions of students, practising clinicians, and anatomy educators with respect to the relevance of anatomy education to medicine. Methods: A quantitative survey was administered to undergraduate entry (n = 352) and graduate entry students (n = 219) at two Irish medical schools, recently graduated Irish clinicians (n = 146), and anatomy educators based in Irish and British medical schools (n = 30). Areas addressed included the association of anatomy with medical education and clinical practice, mode of instruction, and curriculum duration. Results: Graduate-entry students were less likely to associate anatomy with the development of professionalism, teamwork skills, or improved awareness of ethics in medicine. Clinicians highlighted the challenge of tailoring anatomy education to increase student readiness to function effectively in a clinical role. Anatomy educators indicated dissatisfaction with the time available for anatomy within medical curricula, and were equivocal about whether curriculum content should be responsive to societal feedback. Conclusions: The group differences identified in the current study highlight areas and requirements which medical education curriculum developers should be sensitive to when designing anatomy courses.

La subrogation légale de l’assureur en vertu du Code civil : historique, développements et aspects procéduraux

En assurance de dommages, l’article 2474 C.c.Q. prévoit la possibilité pour l’assureur d’être légalement subrogé dans les droits de l’assuré contre l’auteur du préjudice, à concurrence des indemnités qu’il a payées. L’assureur ne pourra jamais être subrogé contre les personnes faisant partie de la maison de l’assuré. Dans un premier temps, le présent mémoire fait un survol historique du droit à la subrogation de l’assureur en vertu du Code civil. Depuis la codification de 1865, les principes relatifs à la subrogation de l’assureur ne sont pas demeurés statiques. Ils firent l’objet de plusieurs modifications législatives et de nombreuses controverses et développements jurisprudentiels. Dans un deuxième temps, un portrait global de l’état actuel du droit est dressé en ce qui concerne l’article 2474 C.c.Q., tant sur le plan des composantes du droit à la subrogation que de ses aspects procéduraux.

1979 Annual Report of the Iowa Board of Medical Examiners, January 16, 1980

This report is submitted in compliance with 258A.4(2)of the Code of Iowa.

1980 Annual Report of the Iowa Board of Medical Examiners, January 1, 1981

This report is submitted in compliance with 258A.4(2)of the Code of Iowa.

1981 Annual Report of the Iowa Board of Medical Examiners, January 29, 1982

This report is submitted in compliance with 258A.4(2)of the Code of Iowa.

1982 Annual Report of the Iowa Board of Medical Examiners, January 10, 1983

This report is submitted in compliance with 258A.4(2)of the Code of Iowa.

1983 Annual Report of the Iowa Board of Medical Examiners, January 6, 1984

This report is submitted in compliance with 258A.4(2)of the Code of Iowa.

1984 Annual Report of the Iowa Board of Medical Examiners, January 30, 1985

This report is submitted in compliance with 258A.4(2)of the Code of Iowa.

1985 Annual Report of the Iowa Board of Medical Examiners, January 30, 1986

This report is submitted in compliance with 258A.4(2)of the Code of Iowa.

1986 Annual Report of the Iowa Board of Medical Examiners, January 30, 1987

This report is submitted in compliance with 258A.4(2)of the Code of Iowa.

1987 Annual Report of the Iowa Board of Medical Examiners, January 28, 1988

The Iowa State Board of Medical Examiners submits the following annual report pursuant to the provisions of section 258A.4(2)of the Code of Iowa. the report relates to Board activities during the calendar year.

1988 Annual Report of the Iowa Board of Medical Examiners, January 30, 1989

The Iowa State Board of Medical Examiners submits the following annual report pursuant to the provisions of section 258A.4(2)of the Code of Iowa. The report relates to Board activities during the calendar year.

1989 Annual Report of the Iowa Board of Medical Examiners, January 30, 1990

The Iowa State Board of Medical Examiners submits the following annual report pursuant to the provisions of section 258A.4(2)of the Code of Iowa. The report relates to Board activities during the calendar year.

1990 Annual Report of the Iowa Board of Medical Examiners, January 30, 1991

The Iowa State Board of Medical Examiners submits the following annual report pursuant to the provisions of section 258A.4(2)of the Code of Iowa. The report relates to Board activities during the calendar year.

1991 Annual Report of the Iowa Board of Medical Examiners, January 29, 1992

The Iowa State Board of Medical Examiners submits the following annual report pursuant to the provisions of section 258A.4(2)of the Code of Iowa. The report relates to Board activities during the calendar year.