Identification of intermediate debonding damage in FRP-plated RC beams based on multi-objective particle swarm optimization without updated baseline model

Fiber reinforced polymer composites (FRP) have found widespread usage in the repair and strengthening of concrete structures. FRP composites exhibit high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and are convenient to use in repair applications. Externally bonded FRP flexural strengthening of concrete beams is the most extended application of this technique. A common cause of failure in such members is associated with intermediate crack-induced debonding (IC debonding) of the FRP substrate from the concrete in an abrupt manner. Continuous monitoring of the concrete?FRP interface is essential to pre- vent IC debonding. Objective condition assessment and performance evaluation are challenging activities since they require some type of monitoring to track the response over a period of time. In this paper, a multi-objective model updating method integrated in the context of structural health monitoring is demonstrated as promising technology for the safety and reliability of this kind of strengthening technique. The proposed method, solved by a multi-objective extension of the particle swarm optimization method, is based on strain measurements under controlled loading. The use of permanently installed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors embedded into the FRP-concrete interface or bonded onto the FRP strip together with the proposed methodology results in an automated method able to operate in an unsupervised mode.

Methodology based on FBG sensors for monitoring of FRP-strengthened beams

Advanced composite materials are increasingly used in the strengthening of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The use of externally bonded strips made of fibre-reinforced plastics (FRP) as strengthening method has gained widespread acceptance in recent years since it has many advantages over the traditional techniques. However, unfortunately, this strengthening method is often associated with a brittle and sudden failure caused by some form of FRP bond failure, originated at the termination of the FRP material or at intermediate areas in the vicinity of flexural cracks in the RC beam. Up to date, little effort in the early prediction of the debonding in its initial instants even though this effect is not noticeable by simple visual observation. An early detection of this phenomenon might help in taking actions to prevent future catastrophes. Fibre-optic Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are able to measure strains locally with high resolution and accuracy. Furthermore, as their physical size is extremely small compared with other strain measuring components, it enables to be embedded at the concrete-FRP interface for determining the strain distribution without influencing the mechanical properties of the host materials. This paper shows the development of a debonding identification methodology based on strains experimentally measured. For, it a simplified model is implemented to simulate the behaviour of FRP-strengthened reinforced concrete beams. This model is taken as a basis to. develop an model updating procedure able to detect minor debonding at the concrete-FRP interface from experimental strains obtained by using FBG sensors embedded at the interface

El castillo de Alicante [Material gráfico] : Alicante

Alcance y contenido: Vista general del castillo de Santa Bárbara de Alicante y, en primer término, vista parcial de la ciudad y el puerto

Dataciones mediante racemización de aminoácidos en la cueva de Arlanpe (Lemoa, Bizkaia)

Se presentan los resultados de la datación por racemización de aminoácidos obtenidas de muestras del nivel D de Arlanpe.

El castillo de la Mola de la ciudad de Novelda [Texto impreso]

Apéndice documental

El Castillo del Cid (Jadraque)

Estado de la cuestión sobre las investigciones y evidencias conocidas sobre el edificio

Castillo de Benisano [Material gráfico]

Año de publicación tomado de la obra a la que pertenece

En la ciudad de Valencia a los 28 dias del mes mayo de 1756 el señor Don Sebastian del Castillo... dixo que mediante hallarse... abastecida la caxa... de todas las classes y especies de papel... [Texto impreso]

Texto certificado por Sebastián del Castillo