O modo de viver como um instrumento de resistência do saber popular dos moradores da ilha do Combu, Belém-Pará

Analisa o modo de viver dos moradores da ilha do Combu – Belém- Pará, visando compreender os elementos de resistência contidos no saber popular. Esta ilha dita 1,5 km da cidade de Belém e tem como território 15 km², sendo que, aproximadamente, 95% dessa superfície é coberta por floresta secundária (mata de várzea). Anteriormente, pertenceu à jurisdição do município de Acará, mas a partir de 1996 passou a cidade de Belém. Apresenta característica peculiar de um espaço rural, com conservação local de muitos recursos naturais e da singularidade do modo de viver ribeirinho, como população que vive próximo aos cursos d’água e da vegetação florestal, o que lhes possibilita um cotidiano tranquilo, aparentemente cheio de paz, sem barulho nem poluição; diferente da vida na cidade maior. Sendo essa tranquilidade medida por uma relação baseada no respeito e na proteção da vizinhança, observados nos seus hábitos e costumes; além da liberdade de conversar, passear, comer peixe fresco, camarão, “tomar açaí” feito na hora e sentir-se despreocupado com a violência, muito presente na cidade grande. Os resultados deste trabalho traduzem todo um aprendizado, obtido por meio desses moradores que resistem à imposição do modelo formal da educação estatal. Assim, 70% dos pesquisados apresentou preferência ao aprendizado com seus parentes, que vai além dos remédios caseiros, dos saberes representados pelo fazer “peconha”, pelo “tupé”, pelo fazer comida, plantar, pescar, nadar no rio, apanhar açaí e jogar tarrafa, até o respeito às pessoas, na busca de conhecimento para viver uma vida honesta e para dar continuidade à educação da geração de cultura ribeirinha.

O uso corporativo do território brasileiro e o processo de formação de um espaço derivado: transformações e permanências na região cacaueira da Bahia

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Comportamento higroscópico do açaí e cupuaçu em pó

Neste trabalho, isotermas de adsorção e dessorção do açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) e do cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum.) em pó foram determinadas experimentalmente com o auxílio de higrômetro AQUAlab3TE da Decagon nas temperaturas de 15, 25 e 35 °C. As curvas obtidas apresentaram um comportamento do tipo III, característico de materiais ricos em carboidratos. Os dados experimentais de adsorção e dessorção dos produtos foram ajustados, por análise de regressão não-linear, usando o aplicativo STATISTICA para Windows 5.1B, aos modelos matemáticos de Handerson, Oswin, GAB e BET-modificado. Os modelos de Oswin e GAB foram os que melhor se ajustaram aos dados experimentais de sorção de umidade para o açaí e cupuaçu em pó, respectivamente. Determinou-se ainda a monocamada para os dois produtos e o calor de dessorção para o açaí em pó.

Agroecossistema cacaueiro da Bahia: cacau-cabruca e fragmentos florestais na conservação de espécies arbóreas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Caracterização de isolados de ceratocystis sp., avaliação de resistência clonal de eucalipto e sensibilidade deste fungo a diferentes fungicidas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Uso de resíduos de madeiras e frutos da amazônia para o cultivo in vitro do cogumelo comestível shiitake

Local abundant residues with low or without commercial value with potential to make the production of edible mushrooms economically viable in any region of Brazil must be employed for cultivation. Thus, the radial mycelial growth of LED 20 strain of Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler was verified in culture media prepared with extract of regional residues by using substrates based on Protium puncticulatum, Cariniana micrantha and Caryocar glabum sawdust, supplemented with 20% of grinded residues from the barks of the fruits of Astrocaryum aculeatum and Theobroma grandiflorum. Residues from eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp) sawdust and wheat bran (Triticum aestivum L) were used as witness because they are commonly used in the cultivation of L. edodes. The experimental design used was totally randomized, in 4x3 factorial scheme, totalizing 12 treatments with five repetitions, being that each repetition corresponded to a Petri dish, adding up a total of 60 dishes, which were incubated under 25 degrees C. The diameter of the colony was daily evaluated during seven days of incubation. After that period, it was verified that media prepared with P. puncticulatum extract, whose supplementation with both brans was favorable for fungic development, presented some of the highest averages of mycelial growth of LED 20 strain of L. edodes, confirming the potential of those residues.

Fungos endofíticos e epifíticos associados às folhas de cacaueiro

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Inglês de Sousa: imprensa, literatura e Realismo

Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAS

Vitamin D serum levels are associated with handgrip strength but not with muscle mass or length of hospital stay after hip fracture

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between serum levels of 25(OH) vitamin D-3 with midupper arm muscle circumference (MUAMC), handgrip strength and length of hospital stay (LOS) after hip fracture.Methods: In total, 102 consecutive patients with hip fracture over the age of 65 were admitted to the orthopedic unit and prospectively evaluated. All of the patients were treated according to specific protocols depending on the type of fracture. Anthropometric measurements and handgrip strength were performed, and blood samples were taken for serum biochemistry and 25(OH) vitamin D-3 analysis within the first 72 h of admission. All of the patients were followed during their hospital stay, and the length of stay was recorded.Results: Of the patients, two were excluded because of pathologic fractures. In total, 100 patients with a mean age of 80 +/- 7 y were included in the analysis. Among these patients, 73% were female, and 37% had vitamin D deficiency. The median LOS was 7 (5-11) d. Patients with vitamin D deficiency had lower handgrip strength in univariate analysis. In the multiple linear regression analysis with robust standard error, serum vitamin D levels adjusted by age and sex were associated with handgrip strength but not with MUAMC and LOS after hip fracture.Conclusions: In conclusion, vitamin D serum levels were associated with handgrip strength but not with muscle mass or length of hospital stay after hip fracture. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Desenvolvimento micelial de Lentinula edodes em meios de cultivo à base de diferentes substratos orgânicos

The radial mycelial growth of Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Pegler, strain LE-96/13, was studied in culture media prepared with organic residues extract, by using substrates prepared with pineapple (Ananas comosus (L.) Merril) crown, Astrocaryum aculeatum Meyer peel, Theobroma grandiflorum Schum shell, Musa sp. (genomic group AAB, subgroup Pacovan) peel, and Musa sp. (genomic group AAB, subgroup Prata) peel, with three supplementation levels with wheat bran (0, 10 and 20%), and incubated at 25ºC. The experimental design was totally randomized, in a 5×3 factorial scheme, adding up 15 treatments with 4 repetitions, and each repetition corresponding to a Petri dish. The diameter of the colony was evaluated daily during nine days of incubation. After that period, it was verified that the highest mycelial growth averages of strain LE-96/13 of L. edodes were found in culture media prepared with T. grandiflorum Schum shell (whose supplementation with wheat bran was favorable for Mushroom development) and A. aculeatum Meyer peel (whose supplementation did not favor the mycelial growth of L. edodes in relation to the medium not supplemented).

A new eriophyoid mite genus and species, Gymnaceria cupuassu (Acari: Eriophyidae), described from the cupuacu tree in Brazil

A new eriophyoid mite genus and species, Gymnaceria cupuassu n. sp. et n. gen. (Acari: Eriophyidae: Eriophyinae: Aceriini), is described from young fruits and other plant parts of the cupuacu tree, Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. Ex Spreng.) K. Schum. (Sterculiaceae), from the State of Bahia, northeastern Brazil. No visible damage symptoms were observed.

Apante, cultivo de caña de azúcar y sus repercusiones en el reino de Guatemala, siglo XVIII

[ES] La vida de las provincias de San Salvador y Sonsonate, que conformaron el actual El Salvador, en América Central, estuvo caracterizada por la dependencia de la capital y el monocultivo. Para la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII aconteció el despunte añilero (sustituyendo al cacao sonsonateco tras su declive) que tanta relevancia tuvo para la economía del reino y que repercutió de manera particular en las economías locales, «tironeando» el desarrollo de otros productos. El más sobresaliente de ellos fue la caña de azúcar, con una producción tan considerable que llegó a hacerse de una importante porción del mercado capitalino guatemalteco. El presente trabajo sostiene que esto sólo fue posible gracias al empleo del apante o regadío, ya presente en los limitados espacios tecnológicos y comerciales de aquella sociedad rural. Rompiendo los paradigmas del sistema productivo cañero, las elevadas posibilidades productivas del apante, los antecedentes de su uso y el mismo sistema productivo añilero, aseguraron el éxito de la empresa, en un ejemplo poco conocido del aporte de la tecnología indígena en las sociedades y economías del interior colonial.

Bioactive and toxic compounds in different foodstuffs: analytical techniques and sensory analysis

Foods that provide medical and health benefits or have a role in disease risk prevention are termed functional foods. The functionality of functional foods is derived from bioactive compounds that are extranutritional constituents present in small quantities in food. Bioactive components include a range of chemical compounds with varying structures such as carotenoids, flavonoids, plant sterols, omega-3 fatty acids (n-3), allyl and diallyl sulfides, indoles (benzopyrroles), and phenolic acids. The increasing consumer interest in natural bioactive compounds has brought about a rise in demand for these kinds of compounds and, in parallel, an increasing number of scientific studies have this type of substance as main topic. The principal aim of this PhD research project was the study of different bioactive and toxic compounds in several natural matrices. To achieve this goal, chromatographic, spectroscopic and sensorial analysis were performed. This manuscript reports the main results obtained in the six activities briefly summarized as follows: • SECTION I: the influence of conventional packaging on lipid oxidation of pasta was evaluated in egg spaghetti. • SECTION II: the effect of the storage at different temperatures of virgin olive oil was monitored by peroxide value, fatty acid activity, OSI test and sensory analysis. • SECTION III: the glucosinolate and phenolic content of 37 rocket salad accessions were evaluated, comparing Eruca sativa and Diplotaxis tenuifolia species. Sensory analysis and the influence of the phenolic and glucosinolate composition on sensory attributes of rocket salads has been also studied. • SECTION IV: ten buckwheat honeys were characterised on the basis of their pollen, physicochemical, phenolic and volatile composition. • SECTION V: the polyphenolic fraction, anthocyanins and other polar compounds, the antioxidant capacity and the anty-hyperlipemic action of the aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa were achieved. • SECTION VI: the optimization of a normal phase high pressure liquid chromatography–fluorescence detection method for the quantitation of flavanols and procyanidins in cocoa powder and chocolate samples was performed.