Second Welland Canal - Book 3, Survey Map 11 - Aqueduct Lock and Canal along Chippewa Creek in Thorold

Survey map of the Second Welland Canal created by the Welland Canal Company showing the canal as it crosses Chippewa Creek in the Thorold Township near Welland. Identified structures and features associated with the Canal include the towing path, the old canal, the aqueduct lock, the new aqueduct, and the waterway itself. The surveyors' measurements and notes can be seen in red and black ink and pencil. Local area landmarks are also identified and include roads (ex. Aqueduct Road, and Road to Weland), Chippewa Creek, the Spoil Bank, a house and a barn. Properties and property owners of note are: Lots 239, 247, and 248, Joseph Burgar, and Smith Shotwell.

Using GPS, GIS & remote sensing to understand Niagara Terroir : Pinot noir in the Four Mile Creek & St. David's Bench sub-appellations

The relationships between vine water status, soil texture, and vine size were observed in four Niagara, Ontario Pinot noir vineyards in 2008 and 2009. The vineyards were divided into water status zones using geographic information systems (GIS) software to map the seasonal mean midday leaf water potential (,P), and dormant pruning shoot weights following the 2008 season. Fruit was harvested from all sentinel vines, bulked by water status zones and made into wine. Sensory analysis included a multidimensional sorting (MDS) task and descriptive analysis (DA) of the 2008 wines. Airborne multispectral images, with a spatial resolution of 38 cm, were captured four times in 2008 and three times in 2009, with the final flights around veraison. A semi-automatic process was developed to extract NDVI from the images, and a masking procedure was identified to create a vine-only NDVI image. 2008 and 2009 were cooler and wetter than mean years, and the range of water status zones was narrow. Yield per vine, vine size, anthocyanins and phenols were the least consistent variables. Divided by water status or vine size, there were no variables with differences between zones in all four vineyards in either year. Wines were not different between water status zones in any chemical analysis, and HPLC revealed that there were no differences in individual anthocyanins or phenolic compounds between water status zones within the vineyard sites. There were some notable correlations between vineyard and grape composition variables, and spatial trends were observed to be qualitatively related for many of the variables. The MDS task revealed that wines from each vineyard were more affected by random fermentation effects than water status effects. This was confirmed by the DA; there were no differences between wines from the water status zones within vineyard sites for any attribute. Remotely sensed NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) correlated reasonably well with a number of grape composition variables, as well as soil type. Resampling to a lower spatial resolution did not appreciably affect the strength of correlations, and corresponded to the information contained in the masked images, while maintaining the range of values of NDVI. This study showed that in cool climates, there is the potential for using precision viticulture techniques to understand the variability in vineyards, but the variable weather presents a challenge for understanding the driving forces of that variability.

Synthesis, Catalysis and Stoichiometric Reactivity of Mo Imido Complexes

The syntheses, catalytic reactivity and mechanistic investigations of novel Mo(IV) and Mo(VI) imido systems is presented. Attempts at preparing mixed bis(imido) Mo(IV) complexes of the type (RN)(R′N)Mo(PMe3)n (n = 2 or 3) derived from the mono(imido) complexes (RN)Mo(PMe3)3(X)2 (R = tBu (1) or Ar (2); X = Cl2 or HCl, Ar=2,6-iPr2C6H3) are also described. The addition of lithiated silylamides to 1 or 2 results in the unexpected formation of the C-H activated cyclometallated complexes (RN)Mo(PMe3)2(η2-CH2PMe2)(X) (R = Ar, X = H (3); R = tBu, X = Cl (4)). Complexes 3 and 4 were used in the activation of R′E-H bonds (E = Si, B, C, O, P; R′ = alkyl or aryl), which typically give products of addition across the M-C bond of the type (RN)Mo(PMe3)3(ER′)(X) (4). In the case of 2,6-dimethylphenol, subsequent heating of 4 (R = Ar, R′ = 2,6-Me2C6H3, E = O) to 50 °C results in C-H activation to give the cyclometallated complex (ArN)Mo(PMe3)3(κ2-O,C-OPh(Me)CH2) (5). An alternative approach was developed in synthesizing the mixed imido complex (ArN)(tBuN)Mo(PMe3)(η2-C2H4) (6) through EtMgBr reduction of (ArN)(tBuN)MoCl2(DME) in the presence of PMe3. Complex 6 reacts with various hydro- and chlorosilanes to give β-agostic silylamido complexes and in one case, when Me2SiHCl is the silane, leads to the silanimine complex (tBuN)Mo(η2-SiMe2-NAr)(Et)(η2-C2H4) (7). Mechanistic studies on the formation of the Mo(VI) tris(silyl) complex (tBuN)Mo(SiHPh)(H){(μ-NtBu)(SiHPh)}(PMe3)2 (8) were done from the addition of three equivalents of PhSiH3 to (tBuN)Mo(PMe3)(η2-C2H4), resulting in identification of β- and γ-agostic SiH…Mo intermediates. The reactivity of complex 8 towards ethylene and nitriles was studied. In both cases coupling of unsaturated substrates with the Mo-Si bond of the metalacycle was observed. In the case of nitriles, insertion into the 4-membered disilaazamolybdacycle results in complexes of the type (tBuN)Mo{(κ2-Si,C-SiHPh-NtBu-SiHPh-N=C(R)}(PMe3)2. Catalytic hydrosilylation of carbonyls mediated by the β-agostic silylamido complex (ArN)2Mo(η3-NtBu-SiMe2-H)(H) (9) was investigated. Stoichiometric reactions with organic substrates showed that catalysis with 9 does not proceed via the conventional insertion of substrate into the Mo-H bond.

Sketch of the height of the piles driven for the bridge across Chippewa Creek at Port Robinson

Sketch of the height of the piles driven for the bridge across Chippewa Creek at Port Robinson, Jan. 3, 1856.

This document is very badly burned, it includes: a schedule of construction, May 28, 1855 and value of work used for constructing the bridge crossing at Chippawa Creek, Oct. 1857

This document is very badly burned, it includes: a schedule of construction, May 28, 1855 and value of work used for constructing the bridge crossing at Chippawa Creek, Oct. 1857. It is signed by S.D. Woodruff (3 pages, handwritten). Almost all text is illegible, 1857

Cross sections of Lyons Creek from Cooks Mills Dam to culvert

Cross sections of Lyons Creek from Cooks Mills Dam to culvert (9 pages of charts, graphs and text, handwritten). This is signed by Fred Holmes, May 1857.

Sections and profiles of Lyons Creek

Sections and profiles of Lyons Creek (1 page, handwritten), June, 1857.

Letter containing a listing of the amounts paid for Lyons Creek

Letter containing a listing of the amounts paid for Lyons Creek. These were sent to S.D. Woodruff from Dexter Deverardo, July 10, 1857.

Profile of levels of the ditch and creek from Lyon Creek Culvert to Gordon’s Bridge

Profile of levels of the ditch and creek from Lyon Creek Culvert to Gordon’s Bridge (1 page, hand drawn), n.d.

Plan of levels of marsh land on the line of the proposed ditch from Lyons Creek Culvert on the Welland Canal to lot no. 32 in the 2nd concession of Wainfleet

Plan of levels of marsh land on the line of the proposed ditch from Lyons Creek Culvert on the Welland Canal to lot no. 32 in the 2nd concession of Wainfleet (1 page, hand drawn), n.d.

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Brush Brothers of Buffalo, New York

Letter to S.D. Woodruff from Brush Brothers of Buffalo, New York. This letter accompanied the bill for bricks and cartage, May 28, 1875.

Letter from Brush Brothers of Buffalo, New York for delivery of bricks and request for remittance

Letter from Brush Brothers of Buffalo, New York for delivery of bricks and request for remittance. This was signed in receipt of materials by S.D. Woodruff on Sept. 10, 1874, Sept. 8, 1875.

Letter to S.D. Woodruff that bricks have been sent by Brush Brothers of Buffalo, New York

Letter to S.D. Woodruff that bricks have been sent by Brush Brothers of Buffalo, New York, Sept. 28, 1875.

Receipt from Brush Brothers of Buffalo, N.Y.

Receipt from Brush Brothers of Buffalo, N.Y. for brick, Oct. 26, 1875.

Certificate of post office registration to Brush Brothers of Buffalo, New York

Certificate of post office registration to Brush Brothers of Buffalo, New York, Oct. 11, 1875.