Las escuelas de p??rvulos de la F??brica Nacional de Tabacos de Madrid (1841-1859)

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Para uma história de uma ordem secreta de filiação monárquica : Sociedade Secreta de São Miguel da Ala (1848-1859)

De óbvias inspirações maçónico-Carbonárias, “mas com intenções absolutamente contrárias”, a Ordem de São Miguel da Ala era uma associação secreta, militante e política, sobretudo “revolucionária e anti-dinástica”, tendo D. Miguel de Bragança como força centrífuga/centrípeta. Em outras palavras, “a sociedade era Católica, Apostólica, Romana e Miguelista e, no entanto, absolutamente secreta,exigindo o juramento inviolável sobre pessoas e coisas”.

La institucionalización del conservacionismo en el Ecuador [1949-1953]: Misael Acosta Solís y el Departamento Forestal (Estudios)

El artículo documenta los antecedentes y la creación del Departamento Forestal del Ecuador, primera instancia estatal preocupada por la protección de los bosques y el control ambiental. El estudio analiza la influencia del primer director de esta agencia estatal: Misael Acosta Solís, geobotánico ambateño y reputado estudioso en temas forestales y conservacionistas en Ecuador. El ensayo explora, además, los conceptos de conservacionismo que fueron asumidos por el Estado y otras instituciones ecuatorianas, así como las tensiones entre el discurso y la práctica ambientalista.

Brief and precarious lives: Infant mortality in contrasting sites from medieval and post-medieval England (AD 850-1859)

This study compares the infant mortality profiles of 128 infants from two urban and two rural cemetery sites in medieval England. The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of urbanization and industrialization in terms of endogenous or exogenous causes of death. In order to undertake this analysis, two different methods of estimating gestational age from long bone lengths were used: a traditional regression method and a Bayesian method. The regression method tended to produce more marked peaks at 38 weeks, while the Bayesian method produced a broader range of ages and were more comparable with the expected "natural" mortality profiles. At all the sites, neonatal mortality (28-40 weeks) outweighed post-neonatal mortality (41-48 weeks) with rural Raunds Furnells in Northamptonshire, showing the highest number of neonatal deaths and post-medieval Spitalfields, London, showing a greater proportion of deaths due to exogenous or environmental factors. Of the four sites under study, Wharram Percy in Yorkshire showed the most convincing "natural" infant mortality profile, suggesting the inclusion of all births (i.e., stillbirths and unbaptised infants).

Evidence for long-term regional changes in precipitation on the East Coast Mountains in Mauritius

Global climate change and its impacts are being increasingly studied and precipitation trends are one of the measures of quantifying climate change especially in the tropics. This study uses daily rainfall data to determine if there are changes in the long-term trends in rainfall variability in the East Coast Mountains of Mauritius during the last few decades, and to investigate the factors influencing the trends in the inter-annual to inter-decadal rainfall variability. Statistical modelling has been used to investigate the trends in total seasonal rainfall, the number of rain days and the mean amount of rain per rainy days and the local, regional and large-scale factors that affect them on inter-annual to inter-decadal time scales. The strongest inter-decadal trend was found in the number of rain days for both rainfall seasons, and the other variables were found to have weak or insignificant trends. Both local factors, such as the surrounding sea surface temperatures and large-scale phenomena such as Indian Monsoon and the El Niño Southern Oscillation were found to influence rainfall patterns.